• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SC
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.29-36
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• 2004

This study focuses on the arithmetical methodology and hardware implementation of low-system-complexity multiplier over GF(2$^{m}$ ) using the trinomial of degree a The proposed parallel-in parallel-out operator is composed of MR, PP, and MS modules, each can be established using the regular array structure of AND and XOR gates. The proposed multiplier is composed of $m^2$ 2-input AND gates and $m^2$-1 2-input XOR gates, and the propagation delay is $T_{A}$+(1+[lo $g_2$$^{m}$ ]) $T_{x}$ . Comparison result of the related multipliers of GF(2$^{m}$ ) are shown by table, it reveals that our operator involve more regular and generalized then the others, and therefore well-suited for VLSI implementation. Moreover, our multiplier is more suitable for any other GF(2$^{m}$ ) operational applications.s.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.1023-1026
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• 2005

In the ubiquitous computing environment, an intelligent vehicle is defined as a sensor node with a capability of intelligence and communication in a wire and wireless network space. To make it real, a lot of problems should be addressed in the aspect of vehicle mobility, in-vehicle communication, common service platform and the connection of heterogeneous networks to provide a driver with several intelligent information services beyond the time and space. In this paper, we present an intelligent information system for managing in-vehicle sensor network and a vehicle gateway for connecting the external networks. The in-vehicle sensor network connected with several sensor nodes is used to collect sensor data and control the vehicle based on CAN protocol. Each sensor node is equipped with a reusable modular node architecture, which contains a common CAN stack, a message manager and an event handler. The vehicle gateway makes vehicle control and diagnosis from a remote host possible by connecting the in-vehicle sensor network with an external network. Specifically, it gives an access to the external mobile communication network such as CDMA. Some experiments was made to find out how long it takes to communicate between a vehicle's intelligent information system and an external server in the various environment. The results show that the average response time amounts to 776ms at fixed place, 707ms at rural area and 910ms at urban area.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.24 no.7
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• pp.1019-1025
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• 2011

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play an important role in the recognition of invading pathogens and the modulation of innate immune responses in mammals. The TLR4 and TLR7 are well known to recognize the bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and single stranded (ssRNA) ligands, respectively and play important role in host defense against Gram-negative bacteria and ssRNA viruses. In the present study, coding exon fragments of these two TLRs were identified, cloned, sequenced and analyzed in terms of insertion-deletion polymorphism, within bovine TLRs 4 and 7, thereby facilitating future TLR signaling and association studies relevant to bovine innate immunity. Comparative sequence analysis of TLR 4 exons revealed that this gene is more variable, particularly the coding frame (E3P1), while other parts showed percent identity of 95.7% to 100% at nucleotide and amino acid level, respectivley with other Bos indicus and Bos taurus breeds from different parts of the world. In comparison to TLR4, sequence analysis of TLR7 showed more conservation among different B. indicus and B. taurus breeds, except single point mutation at 324 nucleotide position (AAA to AAM) altering a single amino acid at 108 position (K to X). Percent identity of TLR7 sequences (all 3 exons) was between 99.2% to 100% at nucleotide and amino acid level, when compared with available sequence database of B. indicus and B. taurus. Simple Modular Architecture Research Tool (SMART) analysis showed variations in the exon fragments located in the Leucine Rich Repeat (LRR) region, which is responsible for binding with the microbial associated molecular patterns and further, downstream signaling to initiate anti-microbial response. Considering importance of TLR polymorphism in terms of innate immunity, further research is warranted.

• Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.340-354
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• 2017

Currently, the global furniture market can not overlook environmental problems due to changes in environmental regulations. In order to grow into a global corporation, environmentally friendly design became essential. In addition, domestic and foreign consumers are increasingly interested in and spending on children's furniture, and demand for environment - friendly furniture for children's health and emotional development is increasing. In the era of universal consumer tastes due to massive mass production, it has been changed into a multi-product small-volume production period that reflects the preferences of various consumers, so that various types of furniture that meet individual preferences are required. Therefore, in this study, we investigated various personal opinions, perception, preference, propensity to use furniture, purchasing points, etc. for environmentally friendly children's furniture, and provided basic data for environmentally friendly children's furniture development that reflects consumer preference and requirements. Accordingly, 243 parents who have more than one child living in Seoul, Gyeonggi, and Incheon were surveyed about the use of children's furniture and the perception and preference of environmentally friendly children's furniture. According to the survey results, 64.57% of the respondents knew about eco - friendly children's furniture and the most popular way to get to know eco-friendly furniture was Internet advertising (49.48%). The rate of recognizing eco-friendly furniture as healthy furniture with no emission of hazardous substances was high as 56.16%. The purchase intention of eco-friendly children's furniture was very high at 86.01% and the most important factor in purchasing was the harmlessness to the human body (56.88%). 59.50% said that it is not possible to distinguish environmentally friendly furniture, which means that there is not much information to consumers yet. In addition, the preferred price range is 500~1000 thousand won, and the preference for the rest furniture is high. In the preferred form type, unit type modular furniture is 36.13%, in the material, wood is 72.35%, in the color, the color of wood with wood grain is high as 45.56%.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.38-46
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• 2017

Recently, various types of disasters have been occurring all over the world, and the importance of disaster management system to minimize damage caused by disasters is emerging. In Korea, we have made many policy improvements related to disaster safety, such as the establishment of the National Security Service and the announcement of the National Safety Management Plan and made a lot of effort to secure facilities such as disaster relief hospitals after the Mauna Ocean Resort Gymnasium Collapse and the Sewol-ho incident, However, compared to advanced countries such as the US, Europe, and Japan, there is a shortage of emergency medical center per population, and disaster management systems have not been implemented efficiently due to lack of coordination among various agencies. The purpose of this study is to propose the efficient construction and systematic management of emergency medical facilities required for disaster situations. For this purpose, it is necessary to identify the current status of domestic emergency medical facilities compared to developed countries.

• KIISE Transactions on Computing Practices
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• v.20 no.9
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• pp.519-524
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• 2014

The operating systems in the system architecture, which is integrated several applications and modular electronic devices in the same computing device, demand partitioning technology for safety. Thus, operation system requires partition scheduler for partition scheduling. When we design partition scheduler in embedded system, which has small memory and low performance, such as space system, we must consider not only performance but also memory. In this paper, we introduces a linux-based memory efficient partition scheduler using partition bitmap. This partition scheduler demands small memory space and produce low partition switching overhead. The prototype was executed on a LEON4 processor, which is the Next Generation Multicore Processor (NGMP) in the space sector. In evaluation, this prototype shows accuracy, additional memory space and low partition switching overhead.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.9-13
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• 2010

This paper proposes an input-series-output-parallel connected ZVS full bridge converter with interleaved control for photovoltaic power conditioning systems (PV PCS). The input-series connection enables a fully modular power-system architecture, where low voltage and standard power modules can be connected in any combination at the input and/or at the output, to realize any given specifications. Further, the input-series connection enables the use of low-voltage MOSFETs that are optimized for a very low RDSON, thus, resulting in lower conduction losses. The system costs decrease due to the reduced current, and the volumes of the output filters due to the interleaving technique. A topology for a photovoltaic (PV) dc/dc converter that can dramatically reduce the power rating and increase the efficiency of a PV system by analyzing the PV module characteristics is proposed. The control scheme, consisting of an output voltage loop, a current loop and input voltage balancing loops, is proposed to achieve input voltage sharing and output current sharing. The total PV system is implemented for a 10-kW PV power conditioning system (PCS). This system has a dc/dc converter with a 3.6-kW power rating. It is only one-third of the total PV PCS power. A 3.6-kW prototype PV dc/dc converter is introduced to experimentally verify the proposed topology. In addition, experimental results show that the proposed topology exhibits good performance.

• Journal of Korean Association for Spatial Structures
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.59-68
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• 2017

This paper aims at finding some lessons applicable to successful implementation of 'The 3D Printing R/D Project' through both examining the process of adopting overseas industrialized housing production technological knowhow by home builders during the 1970's~1980's period and thereafter until now the various efforts to adjust the technologies efficiently to the Korea's unique situation. Some meaningful lessons can be summarized as follows; I) Deep understanding of 3DP technological know-why along with its inheritance, II) Readjusting of R/D period and goals(cf. Global leader Winsun's 15 years experiment), III) Restructuring for more collaborative R/D B&E system among participating researchers IV) Fostering 3DP expert-engineers and technicians from the early stage, V) Clearing legal barriers in users' adopting 3DP methods necessary, VI) Development of appropriate building material besides concrete. Therefore, it is highly recommended that the above-mentioned 6 lessons positively accepted and applied to the Research Implementation Plan in due course, especially by KICT consortium and KAIA under the guidance of Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.49-54
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• 2008

In cryptosystems based on finite fields, a modular multiplication operation is the most crucial part of finite field arithmetic. Also, in multipliers with resource constrained environments, bit-serial output structures are used in general. This paper proposes two efficient bit-serial output multipliers with the polynomial basis representation for irreducible trinomials. The proposed multipliers have lower time complexity compared to previous bit-serial output multipliers. One of two proposed multipliers requires the time delay of $(m+1){\cdot}MUL+(m+1){\cdot}ADD$ which is more efficient than so-called Interleaved Multiplier with the time delay of $m{\cdot}MUL+2m{\cdot}ADD$. Therefore, in elliptic curve cryptosystems and pairing based cryptosystems with small characteristics, the proposed multipliers can result in faster overall computation. For example, if the characteristic of the finite fields used in cryprosystems is small then the proposed multipliers are approximately two times faster than previous ones.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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• v.45 no.10
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• pp.23-30
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• 2008

Recently, a considerable number of studies have been conducted on pairing based cryptosystems. The efficiency of pairing based cryptosystems depends on finite fields, similar to existing public key cryptosystems. In general, pairing based ctyptosystems are defined over finite fields of chracteristic three, GF($3^m$), based on trinomials. A multiplication in GF($3^m$) is the most dominant operation. This paper proposes a new most significant digit(MSD)-first digit- serial multiplier. The proposed MSD-first digit-serial multiplier has the same area complexity compared to previous multipliers, since the modular reduction step is performed in parallel. And the critical path delay is reduced from 1MUL+(log ${\lceil}n{\rceil}$+1)ADD to 1MUL+(log ${\lceil}n+1{\rceil}$)ADD. Therefore, when the digit size is not $2^k$, the time delay is reduced by one addition.