• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.137-143
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• 1999

Ketoprofen together with various permeation enhancers was incorporated into a novel soft hydrogel which is semi-solid in a container and to form a thin film within a few minutes after applying on the skin. The effect of various enhancers on the skin permeation of ketoprofen from a soft hydrogel was investigated using in vitro and in vivo method. In vitro rat skin permeation of ketoprofen from soft hydrogel was conducted using modified Keshary-Chien diffusion cells. In vivo ketoprofen absorption was also investigated in rats, and the results were compared with that of commercial products. Anti-inflammatory activities were determined using carrageenan-induced paw edema method and adjuvant-induced arthritis method in rats. The anti-inflammatory activity of ketoprofen soft hydrogel formulation with that of commercial products were compared. In vitro as well as in vivo studies showed that $HPE-101^{\circledR}$ was the most effective skin permeation enhancer among those used in this study. Addition of an adhesive (polyisobutylene) in the soft hydrogel decreased skin permeation of ketoprofen. Paw edema and anti-arthritis tests showed that soft hydrogel containing $HPE-101^{\circledR}$ was more effective than the commercial products, which was consistent with the in vivo absorption experiment results.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.84-101
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• 1996

동물시험을 최소화 하고, 동물시험에 사용되는 노력과 비용을 줄이기 위해 동일한 동물에서 광독성과 광알러지성을 함께 보는 새로운 방법을 제안하고, in vitro alternatives로서 photostability와 spectrophotometric carbonyl assay의 유용성을 검토하였다. Modified photosensitization model에서는 Ichikawa 방법과는 달리 동물수, 휴식 기간, 첩포 횟수를 단순히하고 폐쇄 첩포를 추가하였다. 방법의 유용성을 보기 위해 Benzocaine, 6-methyl coumarine을 Ichikawa 방법 및 본 시험 방법으로 결과를 비교한 결과 macroscopic, histologic examination에서 비슷한 결과를 얻었다. Photostability 시험에서는 pbotoreactive agent 들이 모두 20%이상의 흡광도 감소를 보여 pbotosensitization potential을 측정하기 위한 전 단계 실험으로서의 가능성을 보여주었고, spectrophotometric carbonyl assay에서는 salmonella를 이용한 광독성 실험에서는 나타나지 않았던 저농도의 Amthracene, Hematoporphyrin에서 조차도 phtotoxic prtential을 보여주어 in vitro alternatives로서의 가능성을 보여주었다.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.40-46
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• 2012

In vivo nicotine is associated with Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and lung cancer. Diagnostic assays of these diseases depend on very low analytical detection limits. In this study, a sensitive analytical method was examined using a voltammetric graphite pencil electrode (GPE) and a modified carbon nanotube paste electrode (CNE). The optimum analytical conditions for both electrodes were compared using square wave anodic stripping voltammetry (SW) and cyclic voltammetry (CV) obtaining 400 sec accumulation time and oxidation peak. Under optimum parameters, the stripping working range of GPE was $5.0-40.0{\mu}g/L$, CNE: 0.1-0.8 and $5-50{\mu}g/L$. Quantification limits were $5.0{\mu}g/L$ for GPE and $0.1{\mu}g/L$ for CNE, while detection limits were $0.6{\mu}g/L$ for GPE and $0.07{\mu}g/L$ for CNE. A standard deviation of $10.0{\mu}g/L$ was observed for 0.064 GPE and 0.095 CNE (n = 12) using 400 sec accumulation time. The results obtained can be applied to non.treated urine and ex vivo biological diagnostics.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.626-630
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• 2012

Diagnosis with an ex-vivo gold sensor was done using a modified fluorine-doping sensor, and cyclic voltammetry (CV) redox potentials of 0.4 V anodic and -0.2 V cathodic were obtained. Both peak currents were optimized using square-wave (SW) stripping voltammetry, and an analytical working range of 10-80 ug/L SW was attained. The precision of the 10-mg/L Au was 0.765 (n=8) RSD under the optimum conditions, and the analytical detection limit approached 0.006 ug/L (S/N=3) with only a 60 sec accumulation time. The developed method was used to examine the mouse droppings for medicinal diagnosis.

• 대한약학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한약학회 2003년도 Proceedings of the Convention of the Pharmaceutical Society of Korea Vol.2-2
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• pp.248.3-249
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• 2003

Objectives: Galatosylated PEI was synthesized and characterized for gene delivery to hepatocytes. It was modified by conjugating with hydrophilic PEG to improve in vivo circulation. And we studied the possibility as an imaging modality for monitoring of gene delivery using gal-PEI derivatives. Methods: The substitution values of galactose in PEI were calculated by resorcinol/sulfuric acid method and quantity of PEG was calculated by comparing NMR peak. Cytotoxicity was determined by MTT. (omitted)

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.46-55
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• 2015

Purpose: This study evaluated the mechanical and structural properties of biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) blocks processed using a modified extrusion method, and assessed their in vivo effectiveness using a rabbit calvarial defect model. Methods: BCP blocks with three distinct ratios of hydroxyapatite (HA):tricalcium phosphate (TCP) were produced using a modified extrusion method:HA8 (8%:92%), HA48 (48%:52%), and HA80 (80%:20%). The blocks were examined using scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffractometry, and a universal test machine. Four circular defects 8 mm in diameter were made in 12 rabbits. One defect in each animal served as a control, and the other three defects received the BCP blocks. The rabbits were sacrificed at either two weeks (n=6) or eight weeks (n=6) postoperatively. Results: The pore size, porosity, and compressive strength of the three types of bone block were $140-170{\mu}m$, >70%, and 4-9 MPa, respectively. Histologic and histomorphometric observations revealed that the augmented space was well maintained, but limited bone formation was observed around the defect base and defect margins. No significant differences were found in the amount of new bone formation, graft material resorption, or bone infiltration among the three types of BCP block at either of the postoperative healing points. Conclusions: Block bone substitutes with three distinct compositions (i.e., HA:TCP ratios) processed by a modified extrusion method exhibited limited osteoconductive potency, but excellent space-maintaining capability. Further investigations are required to improve the processing method.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.231-235
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• 2009

Trace lead detection for cyclic voltammetry (CV) and square-wave (SW) stripping voltammetry was performed using mercury immobilized onto a carbon nanotube electrode (HNPE). Using the characteristics of mercury and the catalytic carbon nanotube structure, a modified technique, the $0.45{\mu}g/l$ detection limit of lead ion was attained. The developed method can be applied to pond water, fish tissue, plant tissue, and in vivo direct assay.

• Entomological Research
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• 제48권6호
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• pp.533-539
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• 2018

The RNA interference (RNAi) has been considered as an important genetic tool and applied to develop a new living modified (LM) crop trait which is an improvement of nutrient quality or pest management. The RNAi of DvSnf7 has been used for resistance to LM maize and the Western Corn Rootworm which is a major agricultural pest for the US Corn Belt. Most of the environmental risk assessments (ERA) of double strand RNA (dsRNA) have been performed using in vitro transcript products, and not in vivo expressed product. A large amount of dsRNA was required for the acute toxicity assay of water fleas. Therefore development of massive dsRNA purification techniques is critical. Daphnia, a freshwater microcrustacean, is a model organism for studying cellular and molecular mechanism involved in life history traits and ecotoxicology. In this study, we established the massive dsRNA purification method using Escherichia coli and implemented acute toxicity assays to Daphnia magna. As a result, the present RNase A and DNase I, dsRNA was efficiently purified without any special techniques or equipment. Even though purified dsRNA existed during the acute toxicity test, lethality or abnormal behavior were not observed in D. magna. These results indicated that GFP and DvSnf7 dsRNA were not significantly affected to D. magna due to their lack of sequence matching in its genome. The purification method of dsRNA and the acute toxicity assay of water fleas using purified dsRNA would be suitable for the toxicological studies of LMOs to aquatic non-target organisms.

• 핵의학기술
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.33-38
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• 2008

Purpose: The Gated cardiac blood pool scan is non-invasive method that a quantitative evaluation of left ventricular function. Also this scan have shown the value of radionuclide ejection fraction measurements during the course of chemotherapy as a predictor of cardiac toxicity. Therefore a reliable method of monitoring its cardiotoxic effects is necessary. the purpose of this study is to minimize the overestimate of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) by modified body position to reduce the influence of scattered rays from surrounding organs of the heart in the background region of interest. Materials and Methods: Gated cardiac blood pool scan using in vivo $^{99m}Tc$-red blood cell (RBC) was carried out in 20 patients (mean $44.8{\pm}8.6$ yr) with chemotherapy for a breast carcinoma. Data acquisition requires about 600 seconds and 24 frames of one heart cycle by the multigated acquisition mode, Synchronization deteriorates toward the end of the cycle and with the distance from the trigger signal (R-wave) by ECG gating. Gated cardiac blood pool scan was studied with conventional method (supine position and the detector head in $30-45^{\circ}$ left anterior oblique position and caudal $10-20^{\circ}$ tilt) and compared with modified method (left lateral flexion position with 360 mL of drinking water). LVEF analysis was performed by using the automatically computer mode. Results: The ROI counts of modified scan method were lower than LV conventional method ($1429{\pm}251$ versus $1853{\pm}243$, <0.01). And LVEF of modified method was also decrease compared with conventional method ($58.3{\pm}5.6%$ versus $65.3{\pm}6.1%$, <0.01). Imaging analysis indicated that stomach was expanded because of water and spleen position was changed to lateral inferior compared with conventional method. Conclusion: This study shows that the modified method in MUGA reduce the influence of scattered rays from surrounding organs. Because after change the body position to left lateral flexion and drinking water, the location of spleen, left lobe of liver and stomach had changed and they could escaped from background ROI. Therefore, modified method could help to minimize the overestimate LVEF (%).

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.99-105
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• 2000

This study compared the permeability of $[^3H]taurine,\;[^3H]phenylalanine,\;and\;[^3H]oxytocin$ through the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in mice and rats with common carotid artery perfusion (CCAP) method that modified internal carotid artery perfusion (ICAP) method. External carotid artery (ECA) was cannulated with coagulating pterygopalatine artery (PPA) in ICAP method, while CCA was cannulated without coagulating PPA in CCAP method. Also, for evaluation of BBB permeability of drugs in mice and rats, we used intravenous injection technique. The results of CCAP method in mice at a perfusion flow-rate of 2 ml/min, the brian volume of distribution $(V_D)$ of $[^{14}C]sucrose,\;[^3H]taurine,\;[^3H]phenylalanine,\;and\;[^3H]oxytocin$ were similar to the result of ICAP method in rats at perfusion flow rate of 4 ml/min. The area under the plasma concentration-time curve and brain uptake of $[^3H]taurine$ by intravenous injection technique, were $65.5{\pm}9.7%ID^*min/ml\;and\;0.515{\pm}0.093%ID/g$, respectively, in mice, and the corresponding values were $8.00{\pm}0.03%ID^*min/ml\;and\;0.052{\pm}0.003%ID/g$ in rats. But the BBB permeability surface-area product of $[^3H]taurine$ was similar between mice and rats. In conclusion, the CCAP method in mice was simple, fast and comparable to ICAP method in rats for drug permeability through the BBB.