• Title/Summary/Keyword: moderating role

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Effects of the Long-Term Caregivers' Job Stress on Psychological Burnout and Organizational Effectiveness and the Moderating Role of Social Support (직무스트레스가 조직유효성에 미치는 영향 : 서울소재 재가노인방문요양시설의 요양보호사를 중심으로)

  • Lee, Young-Hwa;Lim, Wang-Kyu
    • The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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    • v.11 no.9
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    • pp.414-428
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    • 2011
  • The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of the elderly long-term care workers' job stress on psychological burnout and organizational effectiveness and the moderating role of social support. For this study, data were collected from 290 long-term caregivers from 50 in-home visitation care facilities in Seoul using structured questionnaires. Collected data were analyzed using hierarchical regression techniques. Results showed that role three job stress variables had positive effects on caregivers' psychological burnout; that two job stress variables(role ambiguity and role conflict) and psycholigcal burnout had negaive effects on caregivers' job satisfaction whereas they had positive effects on caregivers' intent to leave; that workload negatively impacted caregivers' job satisfaction but no effect on their intent to leave; and that two social support variables played moderating roles in the relationship between job stress and psychological burnout and the relationship between job stress and organizational effectiveness.

A Study on the Influence of Business Motivation, Social Support, and Awareness of Entrepreneurs on Entrepreneurial Intention -Focusing on the Moderating Effect of Drama Role Model- (창업동기, 사회적 지지 및 창업가에 대한 인식이 창업의지에 미치는 영향 -드라마 속 성공모델의 조절효과를 중심으로-)

  • Chang, Soo-Jin;Kim, Jong-Tae
    • Journal of Digital Convergence
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    • v.19 no.8
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    • pp.21-32
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    • 2021
  • The government is focusing its attention and support on start-ups. Nevertheless, there is anxiety and fear about starting a business at the base of public awareness. Experienced as a way to overcome fear and difficulty. Few prior studies have been done on experience factors as ones influencing entrepreneurial intention. In this study, I studied whether the experience of successful entrepreneurship through cultural indirect experience affect the resolution of fear about establishing a business. Among the influencing factors on the entrepreneurial intention, business motivation, social support and awareness of entrepreneur were selected as independent variables. In addition, by applying the cultivation theory, the drama role models were set as a controlling variable. For empirical analysis, a survey was conducted targeting 399 ordinary persons. The hypothesis was tested through regression analysis using the SPSS 23 statistical package. The moderating effect was analyzed using Process Macro 3.5. Self-fulfillment, livelihood, economic motivation, social support, and awareness of entrepreneur are sub-factors of business motivation, And all of these had a positive significant effect on entrepreneurial intention. Among the significant variables, self-fulfillment was found to have the greatest effect. On the other hand, as a result of analyzing the moderating effect of the drama role model, it was found play a role in controlling between self-fulfillment and entrepreneurial intention, between livelihood and entrepreneurial intention, and between awareness of entrepreneur and entrepreneurial intention. Based on these research results, academic and practical implications were presented.

Impact of Organizational Member's Positive Feedback on their Job Satisfaction: The Mediating Role of Intrinsic Motivation and the Moderating Role of LMX (조직구성원의 긍정피드백이 직무만족에 미치는 영향: 내적 동기부여의 매개효과와 LMX의 조절효과를 중심으로)

  • Seo, Soon-Keum;Oh, Sang-Jin
    • The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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    • v.20 no.10
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    • pp.593-614
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    • 2020
  • The purpose of this study is to find out how positive feedback affects job satisfaction and empirically validate, in the process, the mediation effect of intrinsic motivation and the moderating effect of LMX. For this study, data was gathered on 345 out of total 396 members of domestic organizations in various industries, on whom we conducted a survey, and we reviewed the validity of our survey by means of confirmatory factor analysis, performed based on SPSS 25.0 AMOS 25.0, and confirmed correlations, and mediating and moderating roles existing among variables using Process Macro 3.0. As a result, it was verified that organizational members' positive feedback positively affects their intrinsic motivation and job satisfaction. In this study, it is validated that organizational member's intrinsic motivation has a positive influence on job satisfaction and positive mediation effect exists between them. Also, LMX has a positive moderating role for positive feedback and intrinsic motivation, and organizational member's intrinsic motivation revealed that it has a LMX-moderated positive mediation effect on positive feedback and job satisfaction. The implications of these findings are first, positive feedback, an issue these days in corporate organizations, produces intrinsic motivation of organization members and raises their job satisfaction. Furthermore, organizational members' intrinsic motivation is triggered by their leader's positive feedback when they are more in a good relationship. Lastly, given that job satisfaction of organizational members matters for organizational performance and human resource development, we can get a practical implication that we should nurture the capabilities of a leader through various education methods as we must provide an adequate positive feedback as one of the multiple ways that help improving the job satisfaction of organizational members.

An Analysis of the Moderating Effects of User Ability on the Acceptance of an Internet Shopping Mall (인터넷 쇼핑몰 수용에 있어 사용자 능력의 조절효과 분석)

  • Suh, Kun-Soo
    • Asia pacific journal of information systems
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    • v.18 no.4
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    • pp.27-55
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    • 2008
  • Due to the increasing and intensifying competition in the Internet shopping market, it has been recognized as very important to develop an effective policy and strategy for acquiring loyal customers. For this reason, web site designers need to know if a new Internet shopping mall(ISM) will be accepted. Researchers have been working on identifying factors for explaining and predicting user acceptance of an ISM. Some studies, however, revealed inconsistent findings on the antecedents of user acceptance of a website. Lack of consideration for individual differences in user ability is believed to be one of the key reasons for the mixed findings. The elaboration likelihood model (ELM) and several studies have suggested that individual differences in ability plays an moderating role on the relationship between the antecedents and user acceptance. Despite the critical role of user ability, little research has examined the role of user ability in the Internet shopping mall context. The purpose of this study is to develop a user acceptance model that consider the moderating role of user ability in the context of Internet shopping. This study was initiated to see the ability of the technology acceptance model(TAM) to explain the acceptance of a specific ISM. According to TAM. which is one of the most influential models for explaining user acceptance of IT, an intention to use IT is determined by usefulness and ease of use. Given that interaction between user and website takes place through web interface, the decisions to accept and continue using an ISM depend on these beliefs. However, TAM neglects to consider the fact that many users would not stick to an ISM until they trust it although they may think it useful and easy to use. The importance of trust for user acceptance of ISM has been raised by the relational views. The relational view emphasizes the trust-building process between the user and ISM, and user's trust on the website is a major determinant of user acceptance. The proposed model extends and integrates the TAM and relational views on user acceptance of ISM by incorporating usefulness, ease of use, and trust. User acceptance is defined as a user's intention to reuse a specific ISM. And user ability is introduced into the model as moderating variable. Here, the user ability is defined as a degree of experiences, knowledge and skills regarding Internet shopping sites. The research model proposes that the ease of use, usefulness and trust of ISM are key determinants of user acceptance. In addition, this paper hypothesizes that the effects of the antecedents(i.e., ease of use, usefulness, and trust) on user acceptance may differ among users. In particular, this paper proposes a moderating effect of a user's ability on the relationship between antecedents with user's intention to reuse. The research model with eleven hypotheses was derived and tested through a survey that involved 470 university students. For each research variable, this paper used measurement items recognized for reliability and widely used in previous research. We slightly modified some items proper to the research context. The reliability and validity of the research variables were tested using the Crobnach's alpha and internal consistency reliability (ICR) values, standard factor loadings of the confirmative factor analysis, and average variance extracted (AVE) values. A LISREL method was used to test the suitability of the research model and its relating six hypotheses. Key findings of the results are summarized in the following. First, TAM's two constructs, ease of use and usefulness directly affect user acceptance. In addition, ease of use indirectly influences user acceptance by affecting trust. This implies that users tend to trust a shopping site and visit repeatedly when they perceive a specific ISM easy to use. Accordingly, designing a shopping site that allows users to navigate with heuristic and minimal clicks for finding information and products within the site is important for improving the site's trust and acceptance. Usefulness, however, was not found to influence trust. Second, among the three belief constructs(ease of use, usefulness, and trust), trust was empirically supported as the most important determinants of user acceptance. This implies that users require trustworthiness from an Internet shopping site to be repeat visitors of an ISM. Providing a sense of safety and eliminating the anxiety of online shoppers in relation to privacy, security, delivery, and product returns are critically important conditions for acquiring repeat visitors. Hence, in addition to usefulness and ease of use as in TAM, trust should be a fundamental determinants of user acceptance in the context of internet shopping. Third, the user's ability on using an Internet shopping site played a moderating role. For users with low ability, ease of use was found to be a more important factors in deciding to reuse the shopping mall, whereas usefulness and trust had more effects on users with high ability. Applying the EML theory to these findings, we can suggest that experienced and knowledgeable ISM users tend to elaborate on such usefulness aspects as efficient and effective shopping performance and trust factors as ability, benevolence, integrity, and predictability of a shopping site before they become repeat visitors of the site. In contrast, novice users tend to rely on the low elaborating features, such as the perceived ease of use. The existence of moderating effects suggests the fact that different individuals evaluate an ISM from different perspectives. The expert users are more interested in the outcome of the visit(usefulness) and trustworthiness(trust) than those novice visitors. The latter evaluate the ISM in a more superficial manner focusing on the novelty of the site and on other instrumental beliefs(ease of use). This is consistent with the insights proposed by the Heuristic-Systematic model. According to the Heuristic-Systematic model. a users act on the principle of minimum effort. Thus, the user considers an ISM heuristically, focusing on those aspects that are easy to process and evaluate(ease of use). When the user has sufficient experience and skills, the user will change to systematic processing, where they will evaluate more complex aspects of the site(its usefulness and trustworthiness). This implies that an ISM has to provide a minimum level of ease of use to make it possible for a user to evaluate its usefulness and trustworthiness. Ease of use is a necessary but not sufficient condition for the acceptance and use of an ISM. Overall, the empirical results generally support the proposed model and identify the moderating effect of the effects of user ability. More detailed interpretations and implications of the findings are discussed. The limitations of this study are also discussed to provide directions for future research.

Study on Moderating Effect of Psychological Flexibility at Impact on Ambivalence over Emotional Expressiveness affects Subjective Well-being ; College Students (정서표현 양가성이 주관적 안녕감에 미치는 영향에서 심리적 유연성의 조절효과 연구 ; 대학생을 대상으로)

  • Hwang, Hee-Sook;Lee, Young-Sig
    • The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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    • v.16 no.3
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    • pp.335-345
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    • 2016
  • The purpose of this study is to investigate moderating effect of psychological flexibility on impact which students feel ambivalence over emotional expressiveness in interpersonal relationships. In summary, the results are as follows. Self-defence ambivalence is strong negative influence on subject well-being but concerned-relation ambivalence is not affect at subject well-being. Also, moderating effect of psychological flexibility in concerned-relation ambivalence is not appear on subjective well-bing while self-defence ambivalence is shown moderating effect of psychological at subjective well-being. These results are mean that concerned-relation itself contains psychological flexibility role and psychological flexibility is negative influence on self-defence ambivalence and positive influence at subjective well- being. Moderating effect of psychological flexibility is shown that as important role subjective well-being. So students will need to help accommodate an active experience in the field allow s college students to raise their own psychological flexibility.

Pedagogical Content Knowledge in Mathematics Moderates the Effect of Mathematical Attitude on Mathematics Teaching Efficacy (영유아교사의 수학적 태도와 수학교수효능감의 관계에서 수학교과교육학지식의 조절효과)

  • Yoo, Seung Hee;Kim, Ji Hyun
    • Korean Journal of Child Education & Care
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    • v.17 no.3
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    • pp.49-63
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    • 2017
  • This study aims to investigate the effect of early childhood teachers' mathematical attitude on their mathematics teaching efficacy and to prove the moderating role of pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) in mathematics, which we selected based upon previous literatures. To explore the effect of early childhood teachers' mathematical attitude on their mathematics teaching efficacy and the moderating role of PCK in mathematics between them, This study randomly sampled 500 early childhood teachers who work at child care centers and kindergartens in Seoul, Kyunggi province and Kangwon province and collected their responses by questionnaires. Mathematics teaching efficacy was measured with mathematics teaching efficacy scale for early childhood teachers developed by Luo (2000) and translated by Jung (2001a). Mathematical attitude was measured with Smith (2000)'s scale which we translated for this study. To measure the pedagogical content knowledge in mathematics, we revised Hong(2012)'s scale to be applicable for early childhood teachers. Direct effect of mathematical attitude on mathematics teaching efficacy and the moderating effect of PCK in mathematics were analyzed by multiple regression analysis using IBM SPSS 21.0. Study results demonstrated the significant direct effect of mathematical attitude on mathematics teaching efficacy. Also, the moderating effect of PCK in mathematics was also proved to be significant. That is, if the teacher has high level of pedagogical content knowledge in mathematics, the positive effect of mathematical attitude on mathematics teaching efficacy was even more enhanced. This results supports the current finding where PCK in mathematics functions as a moderating variable between mathematical attitude and mathematics teaching efficacy. Thus, our study is expected to provide relevant contents that should be covered during teacher education, which aims to improve early childhood teachers' mathematics teaching efficacy.

An Analysis of Users Attitudes toward the Motivation of Mobile Messenger Emoticons - Moderating Effects of Individual Characteristics - (모바일 메신저 이모티콘의 이용동기에 대한 이용자의 태도 분석 - 개인성향을 조절 효과로 -)

  • Kwon, Mi-Jung;Kim, Jong-Moo
    • Journal of Digital Convergence
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    • v.16 no.5
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    • pp.407-417
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    • 2018
  • The purpose of this study was to investigate the motives for using emoticons on mobile messengers and determine whether an individual's character (extrovert/introvert) played a moderating role in the relationship between the motives and purchase intention. To achieve that, this study had 198 users in their 10s to 60s fill in a questionnaire and analysed the answers. The analysis first showed that the motives of using emoticons on mobile messengers were enjoyment, utility, simplicity, and general utility. It was also found that only enjoyment among all the motives had a significant effect on purchase intention. Finally, the analysis showed that the extrovert character of the individual using emoticons on mobile messengers played a moderating role in the effect on purchasing intention.

An Empirical Study on the Relationship of Justice, Pay Level Satisfaction and Pay System (공정성 요인, 임금수준 만족 그리고 임금제도에 관한 실증연구)

  • Lee, Jung-Gil;lee, Kwang-Hee
    • Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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    • v.39 no.3
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    • pp.118-128
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    • 2016
  • The purpose of this study is to verify the role of moderating effect of pay system on the relation between organizational justice and employee's pay level satisfaction. By default, it would be a justice find out a positive impact on pay levels satisfaction members feel. It will examine the mediating effect of the wage system the main purpose of this study is to prove their relationship. A survey was conducted to examine the role of moderating effect of pay system on the responses of 218 employees. sex, education, status, and service type were chosen as control variable, and the regression model which treated the distributive justice and procedural justice as independent variable was set. A pay system was supposed as moderating variable of the relation between organizational justice and pay level satisfaction, In addition the pay system have a dummy variable (if pay system is lower than the average, pay system is 0, else pay system is 1). The result showed that the relation of organizational justice and pay level satisfaction are significantly unique. This means that pay system moderates the relation of organizational justice and pay level satisfaction. These results are different from the prior researches which had treated pay system as mediative variable of organizational justice and pay level satisfaction. This difference may be from the property of attitude variable. For example, pay satisfaction is individual-based attitude. Moreover, organizational committment has the instrumentality for future reward, while pay satisfaction does not. The future study should consider the properties of these variables and other employee's attitude variables.

The Effect of Innovation Intermediaries on Firm's Absorptive Capacity : Focusing on Moderating Effect of Innovation Environmental Factors (혁신중개인이 기업의 흡수역량에 미치는 영향 : 혁신환경요인의 조절효과를 중심으로)

  • Lee, Sunje;Chung, Sunyang
    • Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
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    • v.21 no.1
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    • pp.354-384
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    • 2018
  • This paper aims at analyzing the effect of the relationship between innovation intermediaries and firms on firms' absorptive capacity from the perspectives of social capital. And it also analyzes how firms' innovation environment influences on their absorptive capacity in this process. For this purpose, we carry out an empirical analysis on 200 firms in the Daedeok Innopolis, which is the representative innovation cluster in Korea. According to this study, firm's absorptive capacity is positively affected by the reliability and frequency of firms' communication with innovation intermediaries. However, the geographic proximity does not have significant influence. Also, the innovation environmental factors play a positive moderating role in the absorptive capacity of firms, and the social factors have a distinct significant influence on it directly. Based on these findings, this paper would make a contribution to recognize the importance of innovation intermediaries in innovation process and their role as preceding factors to firms' absorptive capacity, as well as innovative environment in the innovation process.

Influence of User-Motivation on User-Commitment in Social Media: Moderating Effects of Social Pressure (소셜미디어 이용 동기가 이용자 몰입에 미치는 영향: 사회적 압력의 조절효과)

  • Bae, Jee-Woo;Park, Cheong-Yeul
    • The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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    • v.15 no.1
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    • pp.462-474
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    • 2015
  • This article is aimed to investigate the role of social pressure in the influential relationship of user motivation on user commitment in social media. On this purpose, user motivation in social media was divided into 3 sub-dimensions as social motivation, functional motivation and hedonic motivation and social pressure was also categorized into informational isolation pressure and conformity pressure and then it was explored that how the social pressure makes differential effects in the relationship of each dimensions of user motivation and user commitment. Major findings are as follows. First, user's social motivation and hedonic motivation in social media had significant positive influence on user commitment. Second, the informational isolation pressure showed moderating effect in the relation of functional motivation and commitment. Third, conformity pressure displayed moderating effect in the relation of social motivation and commitment. This article suggests empirical supports about the role of social pressure in the phenomena of social media use and commitment, but requires to explore more specific factors and multi-dimensional studies in regard of social pressure in social media.