• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.73-94
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• 2008

When individuals collaborated in virtual settings, communication is medicated through a variety of communication technologies, and is associated not only with communication effectiveness but also with socio-emotional interactions among group members. In this regards, scholars have examined how technology-mediated communication systems can be designed and used to facilitated communication interaction. However, the empirical results of the previous studies have revealed inconsistencies in the effects of communication media on users' behavioral or attitudinal responses, and on their viable effectiveness in organizations. Some studies claim that computer-mediated communication(CMC) is task-oriented but not suitable for emotional expression since it hinders close interpersonal interaction. On the other hand, some studies argue that individuals are able to develop interpersonal relationships more effectively in a CMC environment than in an FtF-environment. Due to the different perspectives, a theoretical gap exists, and it leads to the inconsistent research findings. The purpose of this paper is to combine the two different perspectives into single unified model, thereby providing a more realistic and comprehensive understanding about virtual collaboration. The present study here sought to answers the following questions with organizational communication perspective: What are the major components of virtual collaboration? What factors affect the performance of virtual collaboration? And what kind of managerial efforts should organization make in order to facilitate CMC media effectiveness in virtual collaboration? Although there is a certain belief that new media, namely technology-mediated communication support would create new opportunities, the problem of "how" or "why" has been an important question that is still not fully addressed. In this regards, we collectively reexamined previous literatures with major issues which are still controversial and integrated various theoretical activity within computer-mediated communication domain: task-oriented approach, socio-emotional approach, and evolutionary psychological approach. Our first contribution is to develop a framework for virtual collaboration by combining two different perspectives into a single unified model, providing a more realistic and comprehensive understanding. The second main contribution is the joint modeling of both social presence and cognitive effort, and the effects on two distinct but important communication outcomes(i.e., take performance and relational development). We tested the research hypotheses which were developed based on the various CMC theories using data gathered through a self-administered mail survey of 127 individuals of 69 virtual workgroups. The proposed model was supported, providing preliminary evidence that the tension between two opposite view should be integrated. The results show that the individual's psychological processes(social presence and cognitive effort) in a virtual environment significantly mediated the effect of CMC inputs (media richness, user adaptation, and shared contest) on the CMC outputs (task performance and relational development). Furthermore, this study shows that the lack of perceived media richness of CMC media can be complemented by user adaptation and shared context. Based on the results, we discuss how communication system should be designed and implemented so as to promote virtual interaction as well as how a virtual workgroup should be composed to complement the lack of media richness. A virtual collaboration using CMC media may create new value by overcoming the logistical constraints. On the other hand, it may also generate various managerial risks such as communicational depersonalization, process dissatisfaction, and low cohesion. Therefore, this study suggests that organization managers should carefully choose the CMC mediums and monitor individual member's cognitive and affective psychological processes during virtual collaboration to reduce potential risks in virtual collaboration.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.73-94
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• 2009

The general aspects for the future warfare shows that the concept of firepower and maneuver centric warfare has been replacing with that of information and knowledge centric warfare. Thus, some developed countries are now trying to establish the information systems to perform intelligent warfare and innovate defense operations. The C4I(Command, Control, Communication, Computers and Intelligence for the Warrior) systems make it possible to do modern and systematic war operations. The basic idea of this study is to investigate how TAM(Technology Acceptance Model) can explain the acceptance behavior in military organizations. Because TAM is inadequate in explaining the acceptance processes forcomplex technologies and strict organizations, a revised research model based upon TAM was developed in order to assess the usage of the C4I system. The purpose of this study is to investigate factors affecting the usage of C4I in the Korean Army. The research model, based upon TAM, was extended through a belief construct such as self-efficacy as one of mediating variables. The self-efficacy has been used as a mediating variable for technology acceptance, and the variable was included in the research model. The external variables were selected on the basis of previous research. The external variables can be classified into following: 1) technological, 2) organizational, and 3) environmental factors on the basis of TOE(Technology-Organization-Environment) framework. The technological factor includes the information quality and the task-technology fitness. The organizational factor includes the influence of senior colleagues. The environmental factor includes the education/train data. The external variables are considered very important for explaining the behavior patterns of information technology or systems. A structured questionnaire was developed and administrated to those who were using the C4I system. Total 329 data were used for statistical data analyses. A confirmatory factor analysis and structured equation model were used as main statistical methods. Model fitness Indexes for measurement and structured models were verified before all 18 hypotheses were tested. This study shows that the perceived usefulness and the self-efficacy played their roles more than the perceived ease of use did in TAM. In military organizations, the perceived usefulness showed its mediating effects between external variables and dependent variable, but the perceived ease of use did not. These results imply that the perceived usefulness can explain the acceptance processes better than the perceived ease of use in the army. The self-efficacy was also used as one of the three mediating variables, and showed its mediating effects in explaining the acceptance processes. Such results also show that the self-efficacy can be selected as one possible belief construct in TAM. The perceived usefulness was influenced by such factors as senior colleagues, the information quality, and the task-technology fitness. The self-efficacy was affected by education/train and task-technology fitness. The actual usage of C4I was influenced not by the perceived ease of use but by the perceived usefulness and selfefficacy. This study suggests the followings: (1) An extended TAM can be applied to such strict organizations as the army; (2) Three mediation variables are included in the research model and tested at real situations; and (3) Several other implications are discussed.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제49권1호
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• pp.29-39
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• 2016

강변저류지를 홍수방어대책에 포함시키기 위해서는 정확한 홍수조절효과 산정이 필요하며, 이를 위해 현재 실무에서는 1차원 부정류 수치모형인 HEC-RAS를 사용하고 있다. 그러나 강변저류지의 저류용량이 부족한 경우에 발생하는 잠긴 횡월류 흐름에 대해서는 HEC-RAS 부정류 수치모의의 정확도 분석이 수행되지 않았다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 직선수로에 강변저류지를 설치한 경우에 대하여 횡월류부의 다양한 흐름 형태를 재현할 수 있는 부정류 수리실험을 수행하였다. 또한 부정류 수리실험 결과를 이용하여 HEC-RAS 모형의 부정류 수치모의 결과의 정확도를 분석하여 하도 내 수위 오차 및 강변저류지의 홍수조절효과 산정 오차를 제시하였다. 분석 결과 횡월류부에서 잠긴 횡월류 흐름이 발생하는 경우에 대한 HEC-RAS의 수위 계산 결과는 최대 -5% 오차를 보였으며, 홍수조절효과 오차는 최대 2.4%로 나타나 HEC-RAS의 부정류 모의 결과가 비교적 정확한 것을 확인하였다.

• 한국유통학회지:유통연구
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.93-113
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• 2012

갈등에 대한 다양한 연구가 이루어졌음에도 불구하고, 갈등해결을 통한 관계학습의 관점에서 조직적(interorganizational)으로 접근한 연구는 매우 부족한 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 갈등해결 매커니즘을 통해, 유통경로 구성원들이 어떻게 관계학습을 구축할 수 있는지, 그리고 이것들이 경로관계의 성과에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 살펴보고 있다. 이와 같은 목적으로 국내 유통업체의 협력업체 영업담당자 490명을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시한 결과, 갈등해결에 있어 협력행동은 관계학습의 세 가지 과정인 정보공유, 공동이해와 해석, 관계특유기억 모두를 강화한 반면, 회피행동은 정보공유만 약화시키는 것으로 나타났다. 공동이해와 해석, 관계특유기억은 유통경로의 성과인 효과성과 효율성을 강화시킨 반면, 정보공유는 성과에 영향을 미치지 않았다.

• 콘크리트학회지
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.123-134
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• 1993

큰 수평하중을 견딜 수 구조물의 해석 및 설계는 구조물의 거동에 대한 완전한 이해에 바탕을 두는 설계기법의 측면에서 이루어져야 한다. 본 연구는 일반적인 구조물, 특히 콘크리트 전단벽 구조물의 설계와 해석에 적용될 수 있으며, 실험에 의해 그 정도가 확인되는 수치적 해석 모형을 개발하는데 있다. 즉 설계방법을 이해하고 개선하므로써 구조물의 안전성을 보장해 줄 수 있는 해석모형을 제시하는 것이 본연구의 기본 목적이다. 이상적으로 이러한 안전성을 모형내에 확보하기 위해서 구조물의 연성거동을 확인할 수 있도록 하였으며 면내하중을 받는 전단벽에 대해 다수의 실험을 통해, 개발된 해석모형의 정확도를 입증하였다. 최종적으로 실험검증을 통한 해석모형을 콘크리트조적도 전단벽의 거동을 잘 예측하였으며, 또한 실무에 관련된 설계화 해석에 응용될 수 있도록 시도되어 그 설계예와 함께 수치적 해석모형의 실용성을 보였다.

• 통상정보연구
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.249-269
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• 2012

본 연구는 선행 연구와 실증연구를 병행하여 글로벌 제휴네트워크 추진 동기가 기업 역량, 파트너 역량, 운영구조, 제휴 성과에 미치는 영향을 실증하였다. 연구 개념 사이에 영향을 검증하기 위하여 글로벌 제휴나 협력을 공시한 업체 중 기준에 적합한 업체 114곳에서 설문자료를 수집하여 빈도분석, 신뢰도분석, 요인분석, 확인 요인분석, 구조방정식 모형분석, 회귀분석을 각각 하였다. 연구결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 추진 동기는 기업 역량, 파트너 역량, 운영구조에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 추진 동기는 제도환경에 적응, 실물옵션 행사(위험을 분산하기 위한 포트폴리오 구성), 자원의 확보와 활용, 거래비용 절감, 시장지배력 강화로서 다양한 동기가 제휴 전후에 영향을 미친다고 볼 수 있다. 특히 추진 동기는 운영구조에 영향을 더 많이 미쳤는데, 지식을 공유하고 습득하기 위한 활동과 규범 개발, 성과평가 등으로 제휴목표를 달성하려는 것으로 볼 수 있다. 둘째, 기업 역량과 파트너 역량은 운영구조에 영향을 미쳤다. 운영구조는 기업 역량과 파트너 역량으로써 각 고유한 특성을 반영하여 문화, 제도 등을 확립하고 제휴활동을 원활히 하기 위한 것으로 볼 수 있다. 셋째, 기업 역량과 운영구조는 제휴 성과에 영향을 미쳤다. 제휴 성과는 전략 목표나 제휴 목표의 달성, 사업가치의 증진 등으로 나타났는데, 목표를 달성하려면 고유한 자원, 능력, 지식, 기술이 중심이 되어 파트너 역량을 흡수하고 통합하는 과정이 제휴 성과에 영향을 미친다고 볼 수 있다. 특히 운영구조는 기업 역량과 파트너 역량이 거의 비슷하게 영향을 미쳤지만, 제휴 성과는 파트너 역량이 제외되어 파트너 역량을 내부화하고 학습하는 과정이 반영되었다고 볼 수 있다.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제53권8호
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• pp.569-582
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• 2020

최근 우리나라는 도시화로 인해 수자원이용 환경이 급격한 변화를 맞이하였으며, 이로 인해 유출현상을 정량적으로 규명하여 가용수자원을 최적배분 하는데 어려움이 발생하고 있다. 이를 대비하기 위하여 국가물관리계획, 하천유역수자원관리계획 등이 제안되고 있으며, 효율적인 수자원 운영 계획 수립을 위해서는 정확하며 상세한 물수지 분석이 요구되고 있다. 그러나 기존에 수행되는 물수지 분석은 유역의 물순환 상황을 충분히 반영하지 못하며, 이러한 결과는 의사결정 측면에서 활용이 어려운 실정이다. 이러한 점에서 본 연구에서는 유역을 공간적으로 상세화하여 하천을 네트워크 형태로 재구성, 실적기반 자료를 반영한 물순환 모델을 개발하였으며, 하천을 중심으로 모니터링 지점의 유량정보가 준실시간으로 제공될 수 있는 체계를 마련하였다. 본 연구에서 개발된 물순환 모델은 기존 물수지 분석에서 나타나는 문제점을 개선하는데 목적이 있으며, 계측유역을 대상으로 모형의 적합성을 평가한 결과 특히 저유량 부분에서 기존 모형에 비해 크게 개선된 효과를 확인할 수 있었다. 본 연구에서 개발된 물순환 모델은 보다 정확한 자연유량 보정기법 적용과 유역 내 상세화된 유역네트워크를 통해 유량정보를 준실시간으로 제공함으로써 보다 현실적인 가뭄 모니터링 및 가뭄대책을 마련하기 위한 기초자료로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.67-79
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• 2016

Purpose - Over recent years, we have concerned about safety and quality on food products because of delivery complexity. The dependence of foreign food products escalate supply of products. And there are often negligent accident of marine and agricultural products. Therefore, the complexity increases the importance of safety on food and information quality for consumers. In spite of the interest augmentation of various interested parties, there is decrease in reliability and effectiveness, if it would be established without the right directivity. For the study, we tried to examine the first considerations the point of - view in service environment and information quality with accepting and diffusing the Traceability System. Then, we tried to verify the relationships between the factors of TS and the determinants of behavior decision. Next, we made efforts to find the mutual relationship among distributors, producers, consumers and the other prerequisite factors from the point of view in service environment and information quality in order to operate effectively the information perspective and system. Research design, data, and methodology - For the purpose of this study, the samples of consumers were targeted to Traceability System, and 661 people have been investigated. Through theoretical discussion of previous research, nine hypotheses were established, the influence of Continuous User Intention in TS. In order to test the hypotheses, a survey had conducted for 661 consumers as opinion leaders in their 20s-60s as data, and structural equation modeling was used. The difference analysis between Agricultural and Marine Products in TS; SPSS 22.0 and AMOS 22.0 were used for statistical analysis. Results - The major findings from this study were as follow; all factors of information quality excluding completeness and a social-impact had effects on the ease of use; all factors excluding understand ability in information quality and a social-impact had effects on the usefulness; completeness and social-impact had effects on perceived value; the ease of use had effects on usefulness and perceived value; usefulness had effects on perceived value and the intention of continuous use. From the results of different analysis, the CPLT(Completeness) factor has positive effects on Easy of USE and PV(Perceived Value) strongly in agricultural products. On the other hand, Social Duty has positive effects on Easy of Use strongly in marine products. Conclusion - In the age of information overflowing, TS will be a burden for users if it places too much emphasis upon accessibility. To accept and diffuse TS safely, therefore, Information System should be settled first into initial market formation. In addition, if TS elements are considered in conjunction with information factors and user environment, the acceptance and diffusion of TS would make synergy effect, even better. That is, this study contributes to the acceptance and diffusion of Traceability System. Accordingly, information quality will be settled into initial market formation. Also, social-impact element will be considered in conjunction with information quality's factors, and it will make synergy effect.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제12권8호
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• pp.71-82
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• 2014

Purpose - This study is to examine the effect of environmental orientation on innovation, environmental and market performance in Korean franchise firms' context. This study also investigates how environmental orientation, innovation and environmental performance play mediating roles between environmental orientation and market performance. For these purposes, the authors developed a structural model which consists of several constructs. In the model, environmental orientation was proposed to affect innovation and environmental performance, while innovation and environmental performance influence market performance. Specifically, innovation and environmental performance were proposed as core mediators between franchise firms' environmental orientation and market performance. Research design, data, and methodology - The data were collected from 155 franchise firms in Korea during January 2012. The results of factor analysis with reliability test with Cronbach's α warranted unidimensionality of the measures for each construct. In addition, nomological validity of the measures of each construct was warranted from the result of correlation analysis. The data were analyzed with reliability analysis, and structural equation modeling with SPSS Win/PC 18.0 and AMOS 18.0. Results - The results of the overall model analysis appeared as follow: χ²=52.388(df=21), p=.000. GFI=.932, AGFI=.854, NFI=.964, CFI=.978, RMSEA=.099, RMR=.059. Since the result of the overall model analysis demonstrated a good fit, we further analyzed our data. The findings can be summarized as follows: Firstly, the environmental orientation had a positive effect on innovation and environmental performance, but had not a direct effect on market performance. Secondly, innovation had a positive effect on environmental performance, but had not a direct effect on market performance. Thirdly, environmental performance had a positive effect on market performance. Conclusions - The results of this study show that, in order to achieve competitive advantages and environmental and market performance in turbulent market situation, franchise firms should emphasize internal and external environmental orientation, and put through improvements in perspective of technology, organization, and product. Consequently, this research suggests that environmental orientation is a motive for franchise companies' innovation, environmental performance, and market performance. It also suggests theoretical and managerial implications, limitations, and further research directions.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제54권5호
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• pp.321-334
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• 2021

일반적으로 레이더 강수량 추정에 활용되는 Marshall-Palmer 관계식은 강수현상의 계절적 변동성을 고려하지 않고 선별된 강수사상에 대하여 시공간적으로 고정된 매개변수를 적용하여 레이더 강수량을 추정하므로 실제 강수량과 추정된 레이더 강수량은 정량적인 오차가 발생할 수 있다. 이러한 제약성을 극복하고자 본 연구는 장기간 레이더 반사도 인자를 가용하여 레이더 반사도-강수량 관계식 매개변수를 Bayesian 추론기법으로 보정하고 불확실성을 정량화하여 레이더 강수량의 편의 보정을 수행하였다. Bayesian 추론기법 기반으로 추정된 레이더 반사도-강수량 관계식의 보정 매개변수는 계절성이 규명되었으며 지역적 특성이 존재하였다. Bayesian 추론기법을 통하여 산정된 레이더 강수량은 Marshall-Palmer 관계식의 과소추정 문제를 극복하고 지상 강수특성을 정량적으로 현실성 있게 재현하였다. 본 연구결과는 집중호우 발생 시 능동적인 유역단위 수자원 해석 시스템을 구축하여 국가적 레이더 자원의 가치를 향상할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.