• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.52 no.1
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• pp.105-110
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• 2009

Purpose : Perinatal asphyxia is an important cause of neonatal mortality and subsequent lifelong neurodevelopmental handicaps. Although many treatment strategies have been tested, there is currently no clinically effective treatment to prevent or reduce the harmful effects of hypoxia and ischemia in humans. Erythropoietin (Epo) has been shown to exert neuroprotective effects in various brain injury models although the exact mechanisms through which Epo functions are not completely understood. This study investigates the effect of Epo on hypoxic-ischemic (HI) brain injury and the possibility that its neuroprotective actions may be associated with iron-mediated metabolism. Methods : HI brain injury was produced in 7-day-old rats by unilateral carotid artery ligation followed by hypoxia with 8% oxygen for 2 h. At the end of HI brain injury, the rats received an intraperitoneal injection of 5,000 units/kg erythropoietin. Random premedication with iron, deferoxamine, iron-deferoxamine, or saline were performed 23 d before HI brain injury. The severity of the brain injury was assessed at 7 d after HI. Results : Single Epo treatment post-HI brain injury reduced the gross and histopathological findings of brain injury. Iron premedication did not increase the incidence or severity of the injury as measured by the damage score. Deferoxamine administration before HI brain injury improved the brain injury as compared to no treatment or Epo treatment. Conclusion : These findings indicate that Epo provides neuroprotective benefits after HI in the developing brain. These findings suggest that Epos neuroprotective actions may involve reducing iron in tissues that mediate the formation of free radicals.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.154-161
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the antioxidant activity and hair growth effects of a natural herbal ethanol extract, Samhwang-Sasimtang(SS). In case of antioxidant ability of SS, the content of phenolic compounds was 28.44mg/g. The extract showed strong electron donating ability and free radical scavenging activity in a concentration-dependent manner. SOD-like activity also rose through increasing the concentrations of SS. In order to estimate the hair growth effects, the extract was applied to the back of seven-week-old C57BL/6 male mice ($150{\mu}{\ell}$ a day, five days a week, for four weeks) in four groups (C, control, saline; PC, positive control, 3% minoxidil; E1, experimental 1, 1% SS; E2, experimental 2, 2% SS). Ten mice were assigned to each group and five mice in each group were sacrificed at weeks 2 and 4, respectively. There was no a significant difference in body weight change among experimental groups. In macroscopic observation of hair growth at week 4, the scores of hair growth on the backs of mice were 80, 60, 40 and 20% in the PC, E2, E1 and C groups. In terms of histological observation, the ratio and thickness of hair follicles, the enzyme activities of ALP and ${\gamma}$-GT, immunohistological examination of IGF-1 and VEGF which are the hair growth factors, in each group were significantly high in this order: PC, E2, E1 and C group, at week 4. Meanwhile, hair growth inhibition factors, TGF-${\beta}1$ and Caspase-3, were reduced in PC, E1 and E2 groups compared with C group. These results indicate that SS extract may be effective in promoting hair growth, and suggest that it can be used practically as a superior natural agent for hair growth promotion.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Nondestructive Testing
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.306-314
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• 2006

Instrumented indentation technique is a new way to evaluate nondestructive such mechanical properties as flow properties, residual stress and fracture toughness by analyzing indentation load-depth curves. This study evaluated quantitatively the flow properties of steels and residual stress of weldments. First, flow properties can be evaluated by defining a representative stress and strain from analysis of deformation behavior beneath the rigid spherical indenter and the parameters obtained from instrumented indentation tests. For estimating residual stress, the deviatoric-stress part of the residual stress affects the indentation load-depth curve, so that by analyzing the difference between the residual-stress-induced indentation curve and residual-stress-free curve, the quantitative residual stress of the target region can be evaluated. The algorithm for flow property evaluation was verified by comparison with uniaxial tensile test and the residual stress evaluation model was compared to mechanical cutting and ED-XRD results.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.89-96
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• 2018

In online communities, a large number of participants can exchange their opinion using replies without time and space restrictions. While the online space provides quick and free communication, it also easily triggers unnecessary quarrels and conflicts. The network established on the discussion participants is an important cue to analyze the confrontation and predict serious disputes. In this paper, we present a quantitative measure for polarity observed on the discussion network built from reply exchanges in online communities. The proposed method uses the comment exchange information to establish the user interaction network graph, computes its maximum spanning tree, and then performs vertex coloring to assign two colors to each node in order to divide the discussion participants into two subsets. Using the proportion of the comment exchanges across the partitioned user subsets, we compute the polarity measure, and quantify how discussion participants are bipolarized. Using experimental results, we demonstrate the effectiveness of our method for detecting polarization and show participants of a specific discussion subject tend to be divided into two camps when they debate.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.19 no.10
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• pp.1352-1359
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• 2009

We designed this study to investigate the effects of continuous strenuous aerobic exercise on the respiratory system in a rat model. After exercise for 8 weeks, rats' weights were higher in the exercise groups than in the Control group (non-exercise). Rats in Exercise-120 min group (Ex-120 group) had the lowest weights. Total leukocyte counts in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were higher in exercise groups than in Control group. The Ex-30 and Ex-120 groups had higher neutrophil counts, whereas that in the Ex-60 group was lower than in the Control group, and that in the Ex-30 group was the highest. Lymphocyte and monocyte counts were higher in all exercise groups than in the Control group, and those in the Exercise-120 min group were the highest. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) level was the highest, while IL-10, interferon-$\gamma$ and nitric oxide (NO) levels were the lowest in the Ex-120 group when compared to the Control and other exercise groups. These findings suggest that strenuous aerobic exercise for short periods (30 min) may have a beneficial effect on decrease in body weight, whereas prolonged-strenuous aerobic exercise (>1 hr) may be adverse to leukocyte and immune levels in the bronchoalveolar system, as well as result in an increased production of oxygen free radicals.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.269-290
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• 2000

This study was conducted to inquire about the view on childrearing of university women for the purpose of building up the positive parent- child relationship and setting up preliminary parenting education program. The subjects were 137 university women who were freshmen to junior in one women's university in Seoul. Using the self-report questionnaire, data were collected from December in 1998 to March in 1999 and the contents which subjects wrote down were categorized by content analysis method. The results were as followed: 1. The age range of subjects were 20-22 years and main rearer was her mother(71.5%) 2. The view of subjects were revealed by 374 statements and then tied together 34 themes: 'exemplary parent model as a guider'(8.6%), 'determination for oneself' (8.0%), 'expression of love'(6.2%), 'humanity education'(4.8%), 'carrot and stick'(4.5%), 'respect of personality'(4.3%), 'sound living habit'(4.1%), 'conversation'(3.7%), 'regulation of greediness' (3.7%), 'supply of live experience'(3.7%), 'supply of broad and substantial vision'(3.5%), 'free choice'(3.5%), 'broad-mindedness'(3.5%), 'consideration'(3.0%), 'doing together'(3.0%), 'propriety education' (2.4%), 'pursuit of naturalness'(2.4%), 'looking for one's life'(2.4%), 'confidence'(2.1%), 'rearing by oneself'(2.1%), 'encouragement'(2.1%), 'cultivation of right sexual senses'(2.1%), 'desirable home environment'(1.9%), 'doing one's best'(1.9%), 'understanding'(1.6%), 'psychological intimacy'(1.6%), 'treat fair'(1.6%), 'pursuit of physical, psychological health' (1.6%), 'concerning'(1.3%), 'religious life'(1.3%), 'respect of individuality'(1.3%), 'cooperation' (1.1%), 'often-minded family'(0.8%), 'positive attitude'(0.8%). 34 themes were categorized by 12 categories once more: 'mature parenthood'(15.5%), 'acceptance' (11.5%), 'autonomy'(11.5%), 'pursuit of healthy life style'(9.4%), 'eagerness'(9.1%), 'making efforts'(8.8%), 'education'(8.8%), 'emotional bonding' (7.8%), 'respect'(7.2%), 'corporal punishment' (4.5%), 'supporting'(3.2%), 'composition of environment'(2.7%). In conclusion, we could expect that university women had a democratic view on childrearing with love and autonomy for a base. So we need to offer them nursing implementations such as preliminary parenting programs and parenting consulting in order to promote positive and interactional parent-child relationship by strengthening their desirable view on childrearing.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.216-223
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• 2006

To increase the stability of liposomes in blood circulation, surface modification of liposomes by incorporating a lipid-polymer derivative in the lipid bilayer or conjugating a hydrophilic polymer to the liposomal surface has been developed. In this study, the comblike copolymer, poly(HEMA-co-HPOEM), having multiple polyethyleneoxide side chains was prepared by free radical polymerization of hydroxyethylmethacrylate (HEMA) and hydroxypolyoxyethylenemethacrylate (HPOEM) as vinyl monomers. Poly(HEMA-co-HPOEM) was conjugated to the liposomal surface and the characteristics of the modified liposomes in serum were investigated. Conjugation of poly(HEMA-co-HPOEM) to liposomes increased the particle size of the liposomes by 30 nm and decreased the absolute value of zeta potential of the liposomes by shielding the negative charge of liposomal surface. Loading efficiency of model drug, doxorubicin, in liposomes was about 90% and the efficiency was not affected by conjugation of poly(HEMA-co-HPOEM) to liposomes. The particle size of poly(HEMA-co-HPOEM)-conjugated liposomes in serum did not changed and the protein adsorption was lower than that of control liposomes or liposomes containing polyethyleneoxide-lipid derivative (PEG-liposomes). These results suggest that poly(HEMA-co-HPOEM) is efficient for the stabilization of liposomes in blood circulation.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.339-345
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• 2013

The objective of this study was to establish genetic evaluation systems with carcass data collected by 68 individual farms from 2007 to 2011 in Pyeongchang area of Kangwon province. All the possible of environment effects were corrected by analysis of variance (ANOVA) to estimate more accurate genetic parameters. Heritabilities and genetic correlations were estimated from carcass data collected from Hanwoo steers(n=10,441) born in Pyeongchang region from 2005 to 2008. Traits evaluated included carcass weight (CWT), eye muscle area (EMA), back fat thickness (BF) and marbling score (MS). As for the mean value and standard deviation for carcass traits, CWT, EMA, BF and MS were 424.5, 92, 13.7 and 5.7. Parameters were estimated using a multiple trait animal model and derivative-free restricted maximum likelihood procedures. Estimated heritabilities for CWT, EMA, BF and MS were 0.30, 0.21, 0.42 and 0.42, respectively. Genetic correlation of CWT with EMA, BF and MS were estimated to 0.24, 0.36 and 0.07, respectively. Genetic correlation of EMA with BF and MS was -0.27 and 0.61, respectively.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.17 no.7
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• pp.129-138
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• 2012

Despite of increasing pressure of opening to free for medical market by an advanced nation and increasing number of portal websites for health information, there have been few studies on the issues of enhancing the service quality of health information websites. The survey exhibited that the quality factors mainly affect significant and satisfied level of health information websites were usability, information structure and contents, interaction, and revisiting. This study was conducted to develop the consumer-focused quality factor of health information websites using WebQual model which was valued at efficient evaluation tool for this information system The methods taken in this research was to survey quality factors for significant and satisfied level of 323 consumers live in Chungcheong-do which is based on 48 questionnaires of WebQual quality factors. Our research extracted quality factors, usability, information quality (information structure and contents), interaction (personalisation and privacy) about view of criticality and satisfaction and relevant degree of revisiting. The research results presented in the paper will provide an efficient way of installing healthcare websites, moreover stone toward a marketing strategy for the consumer focus website provides under fierce competition.

• Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.148-154
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• 2004

This article reviews the development of three-dimensional (3-D) magnetotelluric (MT) modeling. The 3-D modeling of electromagnetic fields is essential in understanding the physics of MT soundings, and in implementing an inversion method to reconstruct a 3-D resistivity image. Although various numerical schemes have been developed over the last two decades, practical methods have been quite limited. However, the recent rapid improvement in computer speed and memory, as well as the advance in iterative solution algorithms for a large system of equations, makes it possible to model the MT responses of complex 3-D structures, which have been very difficult to simulate before. The use of staggered grids in finite difference method has become popular, conserving a magnetic flux and an electric current and allowing for realistic discontinuous fields. The convergence of numerical solutions has been greatly accelerated by adopting Krylov subspace methods, proper preconditioning techniques, and static divergence corrections. The vector finite-element method using edge elements is also free from the discontinuity problem, and seems a natural choice for modeling complex structures including irregular topography because its flexibility allows one to capture full geometric complexity.