• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.226-235
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• 2015

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to examine the factor structure of the Adolescent Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI-A) in a standardized adolescent sample using exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Methods : For this purpose, three models about factor structure of the PAI-A were explored with EFA in 490 adolescents and then were evaluated with CFA in 268 young offenders. Results : The results showed that the five factor model was considered to be most appropriate for factor structures of the PAI-A in EFA. However, none of the factor models were appropriate for the factor structures of the PAI-A in CFA. Conclusion : These findings suggest that the "five factor model" is thought to explain the PAI-A the best, but further studies are needed.

• Proceedings of the Safety Management and Science Conference
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• 2009.11a
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• pp.657-665
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• 2009

The paper reviews gauge R&R studies by two-factor mixed models including random and fixed factors. The two-factor mixed models include restricted models and unrestricted models considering the interaction of two factors. This study also classifies the models according to the number of factors, and the combination of various factors such as random factor, fixed factor, block factor and repetition type.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.574-583
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• 2009

Purpose: This paper analyzed alternative methods of calculating the conversion factor for nurse-midwife's delivery services in the national health insurance and estimated the optimal reimbursement level for the services. Methods: A cost accounting model and Sustainable Growth Rate (SGR) model were developed to estimate the conversion factor of Resource-Based Relative Value Scale (RBRVS) for nurse-midwife's services, depending on the scope of revenue considered in financial analysis. The data and sources from the government and the financial statements from nurse-midwife clinics were used in analysis. Results: The cost accounting model and SGR model showed a 17.6-37.9% increase and 19.0-23.6% increase, respectively, in nurse-midwife fee for delivery services in the national health insurance. The SGR model measured an overall trend of medical expenditures rather than an individual financial status of nurse-midwife clinics, and the cost analysis properly estimated the level of reimbursement for nurse-midwife's services. Conclusion: Normal vaginal delivery in nurse-midwife clinics is considered cost-effective in terms of insurance financing. Upon a declining share of health expenditures on midwife clinics, designing a reimbursement strategy for midwife's services could be an opportunity as well as a challenge when it comes to efficient resource allocation.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.20 no.7
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• pp.2159-2166
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• 1996

The stochastic properties of variation in fatigue crack growth are important in reliability and stability of structures. In this study,the stochastic model for the variation of fatigue crack growth rate was proposed in consideration of nonhomogeneity of materials. For this model, experiments were ocnducted on 7075-T6 aluminum alloy under the constant stress intensity factor range. The variation of fatigue crack growth rate was expressed by random variables Z and r based on the variation of material coefficients C and m in the paris-Erodogan's equation. The distribution of fatigue life with respect to the stress intensity factor range was evaluated by the stochastic Markov chain model based on the Paris-Erdogan's equation. The merit of proposed model is that only a small number of test are required to determine this this function, and fatigue crack growth life is easily predicted at the given stress intensity factor range.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.63-75
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• 2020

Substructure pseudo-dynamic hybrid simulation (SPDHS) combining the advantages of physical experiments and numerical simulation has become an important testing method for evaluating the dynamic responses of structures. Various parameter identification methods have been proposed for online model updating. However, if there is large model gap between the assumed numerical models and the real models, the parameter identification methods will cause large prediction errors. This study presents an ANN (artificial neural network) method based on forgetting factor. During the SPDHS of model updating, a dynamic sample window is formed in each loading step with forgetting factor to keep balance between the new samples and historical ones. The effectiveness and anti-noise ability of this method are evaluated by numerical analysis of a six-story frame structure with BRBs (Buckling Restrained Brace). One BRB is simulated in OpenFresco as the experimental substructure, while the rest is modeled in MATLAB. The results show that ANN is able to present more hysteresis behaviors that do not exist in the initial assumed numerical models. It is demonstrated that the proposed method has good adaptability and prediction accuracy of restoring force even under different loading histories.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.31 no.4B
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• pp.315-322
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• 2011

This study reviewed the Weiss model, probably the only theoretical study available on the fixed- to true-interval rainfall conversion factor (CF), and implemented to propose a modified Weiss model. Also, the characteristics of the temporal distribution of rainfall were considered in the estimation of CF to overcome the problem of these two models, whose results were compared with those estimated empirically. As results, the CF was found to be differently estimated depending on the temporal distribution of rainfall. Especially, the theoretical CF estimate for the center-concentrated rainfall distribution was found to be very similar to that of empirical results of domestic and foreign studies.

• Journal of Distribution Research
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.239-258
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• 1996

This study deals with the measurement of relational norms, a safeguard for sustained exchange relationshipsim marketing channel systems. Here, the relational norm items are hypothesized to have a second-order factor model, in which mine observed items originate from the three first-order factors and the first order factors in turn originate from a second-order factor. The three first order construe comprising a higher order norm are mutuality(equity in the distribution of benefits and burdens over the course of the exchange on a long term basis), flexibility(expectation of friendly adaption for possible circumstance changes), and solidarity (the degree to which the preservation of the unique and continuing relationship is internalized by the exchange partners as being important in and of itself). 113 research questionnaires are obtained from four industries such as construction, telecommunication, iron, and electric ＆ electronic industries, Reliability and nomological. discriminant validity are tested, and in using the confirmatory factor analysis of Lisrel 7.16, and the chi-square difference test it is tested which has a better satisfactory fit to the data, the first-order model or the second-order one. The results of this study indicates that relational norms have a second order construct. In the electric and electronic industry the model as a while has a satisfactory fit to the data and the relevant first- and second-order factor loading to the mutuality is not significant. Same Results are happened to the flexibility in the telecommunication industry and to the mutuality and flexibility in the inn industry. In sum, the model lends support to our construct, but it is difficult to apply the measurement model to all kinds of industries.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.215-228
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• 2009

This research considers to analyze the importance and priority order of outsourcing partner selecting factors on plant exporters. This research deals with case study on the outsourcing in the "A" plants exporter. To obtain the goal this research, firstly, based on reviewing previous literature and taking professional advice, the selecting factors were identified and conceptualized, and we made the hierarchy model and utilized AHP in analysis method. Secondly, AHP model constructed 3 higher factors, and 9 lower factors. Thirdly, the data used for the weight values for the outsourcing partner factors were collected from outsourcing experts and officers in "A" company. The 3 higher factors were 'Firm's Competence', 'Customer/User Factor', and 'Systemic Factor', and the 9 lower factors were 'experience of outsourcing', 'competency based HR', 'market share', 'reliability', and 'communication', etc. As the results of the analysis, this research evaluated with an importance highest among selecting factors of outsourcing partner of "A" company were 'Customer/User Factor(46.5%)', 'Systemic Factor(27.8%)' and 'Firm's Competence(25.7%)'. And importance highest among lower selecting factors of outsourcing partner of "A" company were 'reliability(31.4%)', 'competency based HR(14.4%)' and 'communication(13.7%)'. The developed model and selecting factors of outsourcing partner are expected to contribute on effective decisions on plants exporters. Managerial implications and future research directions are suggested based on findings.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.331-339
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• 2014

Determination of an ionospheric delay scale factor, which converts ground-based ionospheric delay into low Earth orbit ionospheric delay, using the international reference ionosphere model is proposed. Ionospheric delay from international GNSS service model combined with IRI-derived scale factor is evaluated with NASA GRACE satellite data. At approximately 480km altitude, mean and standard deviation of the scale factor are 0.25 and 0.01 in 2004. The scale factor reaches high in night time and Spring and Fall seasons. Ionospheric delay error by the proposed method has a mean of 3.50 TECU in 2004.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers C
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• v.50 no.11
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• pp.581-588
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• 2001

This paper presents theoretical and experimental study on the quality-factor of the laterally oscillated electrostatic microactuator, driven by a lateral repulsive-force generated by the asymmetry of planar electric field. The quality-factor of the repulsive-force microactuator using a creeping flow model of the ambient air is evaluated. By filling the simulation results of damping force, we evaluate the dimensionless damping force, $\alpha$, thereby obtaining an analytical damping force, F, in the form of $F=\mu\; \alphaUL,\; where\; \mu,$ U and L denote the air viscosity, the velocity and the characteristic length of the movable electrodes. The measured quality-factor increases from 12 to 13 for the DC bias voltage increased from 60V to 140v. The theoretical quality-factor estimated from the creeping flow model increases from 14.9 to 18.7. Characteristics of quality-factor of the repulsive-force microactuator have been discussed and compared with those of the conventional attractive-force microactuator.