• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
• /
• v.31 no.3A
• /
• pp.163-172
• /
• 2011

The CFTA girder developed is a concrete filled steel tubular system with arched shape and external post-tensioning (PT) tendons which control the initial camber and the bending stress of the girder. In the present study the effects of the PT tendons on the dynamic behavior of the girder subjected to a moving vehicle load are numerically investigated. Various levels for the tendon quantity and the tendon forces are considered, using the existing FE model of the girder. The vehicle considered is a DB-24 truck and is modeled with two tracks-three axles. Equivalent-load pulse time histories are applied to each node to simulate the moving vehicle, depending on the time of arrival and the discretization. The vehicle speeds are varied from 40 km/hr to 100 km/hr with increment of 20 km/hr. The analysis results show that the tendon forces do not produce any influences on the dynamic responses of the girder. However the dymamic deflection of the girder increases when a smaller amount of tendons is used. The Dynamic Amplification Factors (DAF) are evaluated based on the static and dynamic responses. Much lower values of the DAF are obtained, even no tendons applied, than those provided by the design criteria of the AASHTO LRFD and the Korea Highway Standard Specification.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
• /
• v.24 no.1
• /
• pp.93-112
• /
• 2014

As personal data breach reared up as a problem domestically and globally, organizations appointing chief privacy officers (CPOs) are increasing. Related Korean laws, 'Personal Data Protection Act' and 'the Act on Promotion of Information and Communication Network Utilization and Information Protection, etc.' require personal data processing organizations to appoint CPOs. Research on the characteristics and role of CPO is called for because of the importance of CPO being emphasized. There are many researches on top management's role and their impact on organizational performance using the Upper Echelon theory. This study investigates what influence the characteristics of CPO gives on the organizational privacy performance. CPO's definition varies depending on industry, organization size, required responsibility and power. This study defines CPO as 'a person who takes responsibility for all the duties on handling the organization's privacy,' This research assumes that CPO characteristics such as role, personality and background knowledge have an influence on the organizational privacy performance. This study applies the part relevant to the upper echelon's characteristics and performance of the executives (CEOs, CIOs etc.) for CPO. First, following Mintzberg and other managerial role classification, information, strategic, and diplomacy roles are defined as the role of CPO. Second, the "Big Five" taxonomy on individual's personality was suggested in 1990. Among these five personalities, extraversion and conscientiousness are drawn as the personality characteristics of CPO. Third, advance study suggests complex knowledge of technology, law and business is necessary for CPO. Technical, legal, and business background knowledge are drawn as the background knowledge of CPO. To test this model empirically, 120 samples of data collected from CPOs of domestic organizations are used. Factor analysis is carried out and convergent validity and discriminant validity were verified using SPSS and Smart PLS, and the causal relationships between the CPO's role, personality, background knowledge and the organizational privacy performance are analyzed as well. The result of the analysis shows that CPO's diplomacy role and strategic role have significant impacts on organizational privacy performance. This reveals that CPO's active communication with other organizations is needed. Differentiated privacy policy or strategy of organizations is also important. Legal background knowledge and technical background knowledge were also found to be significant determinants to organizational privacy performance. In addition, CPOs conscientiousness has a positive impact on organizational privacy performance. The practical implication of this study is as follows: First, the research can be a yardstick for judgment when companies select CPOs and vest authority in them. Second, not only companies but also CPOs can judge what ability they should concentrate on for development of their career relevant to their job through results of this research. Cultural social value, citizen's consensus on the right to privacy, expected CPO's role will change in process of time. In future study, long-term time-series analysis based research can reveal these changes and can also offer practical implications for government and private organization's policy making on information privacy.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
• /
• v.7 no.4
• /
• pp.9-20
• /
• 2012

The purpose of this research is to confirm how the determinant factors for shopping mall selection (proximity, parking facility, benefits, mutual interaction effects, physical environment, surroundings) affect attractiveness (image and appraisal) of the traditional markets and revisit intention and suggest strategic methods for revitalization of the traditional markets. Results of this research are drawn from a survey of customers who visit any of the twenty-two traditional markets in the Seoul area at least twice a week. Moreover, the theory is verified through the structural equation model analysis using the SPSS win 18.0 and AMOS 18 version statistics package. From the determinant factors of visiting traditional markets, parking facility, physical environment, and the surroundings were significant in image attractiveness; benefits, mutual interaction effects, and physical environment showed significant effects on appraisal attractiveness. Additionally, image attractiveness was not significantly influential in retention proneness while appraisal attractiveness was a key factor in deciding whether or not to revisit. Therefore, improvement in image is important but appraisal aspects like product reliability that customers can personally assess, are more essential for revitalization of traditional markets.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
• /
• v.7 no.3
• /
• pp.115-120
• /
• 2012

The purpose of this study is to examine the impacts of religious activities on the death anxiety and self appearance, life quilty of senior citizens in a bid to give some suggestions on how the elderly could lead a successful life. The subjects in this study carried out face-to-face interview targeting and convenience sampling 300 elderly people who were aged 65 and over and resided in the city of Gwangju. SPSS 17.0 and AMOS 7.0 programs were used to analyze the collected data. The findings of the study were as follows: First, whether there were any gaps in death anxiety and self appearance, life quality according to the type of religious life was examined, and that made significant differences to life satisfaction(F=9.498, p<.001) and self- esteem(F=9.370, p<.001). But that produced no statistically significant results in association with depression. Second, a confirmatory factor analysis was made to find out the relationship of religion to depression and psychological well-being, and most of their indexes were positive, which proved that the variables had something to do with each other. Last, a path model was analyzed to verify the relationship of the participation of the elderly people in religious activities to their depression and psychological well-being, and the GFI, AGFI, and CFI of the variables were above .80, which lent credibility to the validity of the study.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
• /
• v.7 no.4
• /
• pp.131-141
• /
• 2012

The miracle of Korean economic development is the benchmarking for the developing countries. Among them, the STP of Science and technology area is very important case they tring to learn from Deadeok, Korea. Ecuador and Kazakhstan have the huge natural resources and they have interested in the model of Daedeok STP. This paper study about their needs and Daedeok's capability, and effective implementing factors. This paper suggest a six one based on the Daedeok Innopolis experiences for the successful local STP. First, most important thing is human resource development strategy for the knowledge and technology transfer. Second, the construction of Engineering Center for the collaboration of industry and academy is needed. This is important to have a bargaining power to the appropriate technology transfer. Third, they need a hardware and software infrastructure to the technology commercialization. It include a incubator, manager, and complimentary asset. Fourth, they have to connect with market closely for the venture creation and growth. Fifth, the clustering is realized by the STP construction. Lastly, leadership is critical factor to the absorptive capacity.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
• /
• v.26 no.3
• /
• pp.399-407
• /
• 2012

To evaluate age and gender differences in the relation of cardiovascular risk factors, cognitive impairment, and subclinical carotid atherosclerosis from aged people using by a cross sectional method. Sixty-nine healthy elders living in the community who had not previously undergone carotid ultrasonography were included. We conducted life style surveys, and cognitive function tests including Korean-mini-mental state examination (K-MMSE) and clinical dementia rating-Korean. Various biomarkers from blood were assessed; fasting insulin-like growth factor-1, lipid-profile, high sensitivity C-reactive protein, total homocysteine, glucose, insulin, Homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) for insulin resistance index, vitamin B12, and folate level. Carotid intima-media thickness (C-IMT), and plaques were measured using carotid ultrasonography and aortic ultrasonography, a valid index of atherosclerosis. For the elderly subjects (aged 65-82 years), cognition impairment was more prevalent in females while subclinical atherosclerosis was more prevalentin males. Increased C-IMT has been kept in males, and C-IMT shows increasing trend and the peak at about 80 year-old in females with increasing age. The significant correlations between C-IMT and many vascular risk factors including age, triglyceride, abnormal homocysteinein male, and K-MMSE, insulin, HOMA index and abnormal aortic ultrasonography in female were different in each gender, with the exception of homocysteine (p<0.05). This data suggests that there were differences of age and gender characteristics in terms of subclinical atherosclerosis, cognitive impairment and vascular risk factors in community-living elders. Further larger and longitudinal studies across entire age are required to better understand the effects of risk factors on subclinical atherosclerosis.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
• /
• v.24 no.5
• /
• pp.529-535
• /
• 2016

Atopic dermatitis (AD) results from gene and environment interactions that lead to a range of immunological abnormalities and breakdown of the skin barrier. Protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR2) belongs to a family of G-protein coupled receptors and is expressed in suprabasal layers of the epidermis. PAR2 is activated by both trypsin and a specific agonist peptide, SLIGKV-$NH_2$ and is involved in both epidermal permeability barrier homeostasis and epithelial inflammation. In this study, we investigated the effect of lobaric acid on inflammation, keratinocyte differentiation, and recovery of the skin barrier in hairless mice. Lobaric acid blocked trypsin-induced and SLIGKV-$NH_2$-induced PAR2 activation resulting in decreased mobilization of intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ in HaCaT keratinocytes. Lobaric acid reduced expression of interleukin-8 induced by SLIGKV-$NH_2$ and thymus and activation regulated chemokine (TARC) induced by tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-${\alpha}$) and IFN-${\gamma}$ in HaCaT keratinocytes. Lobaric acid also blocked SLIGKV-$NH_2$-induced activation of ERK, which is a downstream signal of PAR2 in normal human keratinocytes (NHEKs). Treatment with SLIGKV-$NH_2$ downregulated expression of involucrin, a differentiation marker protein in HaCaT keratinocytes, and upregulated expression of involucrin, transglutamase1 and filaggrin in NHEKs. However, lobaric acid antagonized the effect of SLIGKV-$NH_2$ in HaCaT keratinocytes and NHEKs. Topical application of lobaric acid accelerated barrier recovery kinetics in a SKH-1 hairless mouse model. These results suggested that lobaric acid is a PAR2 antagonist and could be a possible therapeutic agent for atopic dermatitis.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.28 no.4
• /
• pp.483-487
• /
• 2018

Cypermethrin, a commonly used domestic and agricultural pyrethroid pesticide, is widely considered detrimental to the environment and to many organisms because of its residual property and toxicity. Cellulophaga lytica DAU203, isolated from coastal sediment, was chosen because it degrade cypermethrin. Cellulophaga lytica DAU203 effectively degraded cypermethrin, as the utilized carbon source and substrate, in a mineral salt medium. Effective factors, such as carbon source, nitrogen source, initial pH, and temperature, for cypermethtin biological degradation by Cellulophaga lytica DAU203 were analyzed by one factor at a time method. Temperature ($22{\sim}42^{\circ}C$), initial pH (5~9), and yeast extract concentration (0.1~2.5%[w/v]) were selected as the three most important factors. There were optimized at $33.4^{\circ}C$, pH 7.7, and 2.4%(w/v) by response surface methodology, respectively. The Box- Behnken design consisting of 46 experimental runs with three replicates was used to optimize the independent variables which significantly influenced the cypermethrin biological degradation. This model for cypermethrin degradation by Cellulophaga lytica DAU203 is highly significant (p<0.05). Under the optimized condition, Cellulophaga lytica DAU203 degraded approximately 83.7 % of the cypermethrin within 5 days. These results suggest that Cellulophaga lytica DAU203 may be useful for the biological degradation of cypermethrin in cypermethrin-contaminated environments.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
• /
• v.19 no.1
• /
• pp.83-111
• /
• 2009

Despite the growing emphasis on the importance of knowledge exchange among supply chain participants, few companies have fully exploited the knowledge resources held by their supply chain partners. Among many reasons for this phenomenon, recent literature on inter-firm knowledge exchange identifies knowledge complementarities between the supply channel partners as an important determinant of knowledge exchange. Firms participating in a supply chain are likely to exchange partners' complementary knowledge. In order to extract value from them, it is important to recognize the difference between the potential value and the implementation of this potential value. However, the literature fails to distinguish between potential knowledge complementarities and implemented knowledge complementarities. In order to realize the value of potential knowledge complementarities, knowledge should be exchanged and effectively integrated in the supply channel. Further, investigating inter-firm knowledge exchange from both partners' perspectives is important especially when there are interdependencies between the channel partners. The purpose of this research is to investigate the impact of potential knowledge complementarities on knowledge exchange in buyer-supplier relationships by looking at both partners' perspectives. This research also includes trust in partner's competence and inter-organizational information systems (IOIS) as they are relevant when the complementary knowledge flows between organizations. The data required for this field study was collected from 70 buyers and their suppliers in three multinational enterprises in two different industries (Automobile manufacturing and Telecommunication services) headquartered in Korea. The results indicate that potential knowledge complementarities between buyer and supplier do not directly influence knowledge exchange, but indirectly through trust in partner's competence. And the results indicate that competence-based trust and IOIS have direct effects on knowledge exchange. Empirical results also show that IOIS moderates the relationship between potential knowledge complementarities and knowledge exchange. This study is a first attempt to empirically verify the theoretical model about potential knowledge complementarities and to investigate the impact of potential knowledge complementarities on interfirm knowledge exchange. From a theoretical perspective, this study not only clarifies the distinction between potential knowledge complementarities and implemented knowledge complementarities, but also develops an instrument to measure the concept of potential knowledge complementarities in the context of operational and planning knowledge in a supply chain. Further, we develop a theoretical framework suggesting that potential knowledge complementarities of partners in a supply chain affect knowledge exchange directly and indirectly through competence-based trust. The findings from this study have some managerial implications for practicing managers as well. First, buyers should search for suppliers that have potential complementary knowledge, which can be integrated to create synergy through interfirm knowledge exchange. Furthermore, firms must develop mechanisms to identify potential complementary knowledge of partners. Second, firms should continue their endeavor to develop their own unique knowledge so that their knowledge can benefit the entire supply channel. Finally, trust among supply chain partners turns out to be an important factor for interfirm knowledge exchange. Therefore, effective management for engendering trustworthy buyer-supplier relationships should receive appropriate attention from managers.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
• /
• v.21 no.1
• /
• pp.17-31
• /
• 2020

With the rapid development of block chain technology, attempts have been made to put the block chain technology into practical use in various fields such as finance and logistics, and also in the public sector where data integrity is very important. Defense Operations In addition, strengthening security and ensuring complete integrity of the command communication network is crucial for operational operation under the network-centered operational environment (NCOE). For this purpose, it is necessary to construct a command communication network applying the block chain network. However, the block chain technology up to now can not solve the security issues such as the 51% attack. In particular, the Practical Byzantine fault tolerance (PBFT) algorithm which is now widely used in blockchain, does not have a penalty factor for nodes that behave maliciously, and there is a problem of failure to make a consensus even if malicious nodes are more than 33% of all nodes. In this paper, we propose a Adaptive Consensus Bound PBFT (ACB-PBFT) algorithm that incorporates a penalty mechanism for anomalous behavior by combining the Trust model to improve the security of the PBFT, which is the main agreement algorithm of the blockchain.