• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.29 no.5A
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• pp.457-465
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• 2009

This study presents a moving least squares (MLS) finite difference method for solving elastic crack problems with stress singularity at the crack tip. Near-tip functions are intrinsically employed in the MLS approximation to model near-tip field inducing singularity in stress field. employment of the functions does not lose the merit of the MLS Taylor polynomial approximation which approximates the derivatives of a function without actual differentiating process. In the formulation of crack problem, computational efficiency is considerably improved by taking the strong formulation instead of weak formulation involving time consuming numerical quadrature Difference equations are constructed on the nodes distributed in computational domain. Numerical experiments for crack problems show that the intrinsically enriched MLS finite difference method can sharply capture the singular behavior of near-tip stress and accurately evaluate stress intensity factors.

• The Korean Journal of Franchise Management
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.7-16
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• 2017

Purpose - Recently, as the franchise market has grown rapidly and competition has intensified, the creation of competitive advantage by companies has become important as a corporate survival strategy. Based on previous studies, this study proposed a theoretical framework for the structural relationship between psychological ownership (organization and job), job performance, and customer orientation. Research design, data, and methodology - This research examines the structural relationship between psychological ownership, job performance, and customer orientation in terms of employees. More specifically, in this model, psychological ownership consists of two sub-dimensions of organization and function. Research models and hypotheses have been developed for this purpose. A total of 409 respondents responded via surveys. 2 out of 409 respondents have been removed and a total of 407 were used for this study. The data were analyzed using frequency analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, correlation analysis, and structural equation modeling with SPSS 21.0 and Amos 21.0 statistical program. Result - The results of the study are as follows. First, psychological ownership (organization and job) has a statistically significant positive effect on job performance. Second, psychological ownership of the job has a statistically significant positive effect on customer orientation. On the other hand, psychological ownership did not have a significant effect on customer orientation. Conclusions - The implications of this study are following as: From the theoretical point of view, this study distinguishes the psychological ownership of employees of a franchise corporate into two dimensions, organization and job, rather than a single dimension. Based on this, we examined the effect of psychological proprieties on job performance and customer orientation. This study also provides several implications. In a fiercely competitive franchise market, it is very important to analyze your employees to gain a competitive advantage over other competitors. It is meaningful to study the employees who work in the franchise. In addition, psychological ownership is an important variable that enhances job performance and leads to customer orientation, so the company needs to pay attention. Therefore, it needs to develop an internal marketing strategy that promotes psychological ownership.

• The Korean Journal of Franchise Management
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.17-29
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• 2018

Purpose - The environment surrounding the franchise industry in recent years is a big threat to the franchise business. In this perspective, this study examines the effect of franchise CEO's Innovation, CSR Passion, and customer orientation(CO) on customers' perceived service quality(PSQ), affection, and commitments in the context of food-service franchise industry. This study suggests the guidelines on how franchisor uses their passion and customer orientation on customer to maintain and increase the commitments. Research design, data, and methodology - In order to achieve these purposes, research model and hypotheses were developed. Out of 500 respondents received through online survey, 449 respondents were used, because of 51 incomplete respondents. The data were analyzed using frequency analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, correlation analysis, and structural equational modeling with SPSS 23.0 and AMOS 23.0 statistical program. Result - The results of the study are as follows. First, innovation passion has a significant impact on PSQ and customer affection. And CSR passion have a significant impact on PSQ. Second, customer orientation has a significant impact on PSQ and customer affection. Third, PSQ has a significant impact on customer affection and sustainable commitment. Fourth, customer affection has a significant impact on behavioral commitment. Fifth, behavioral commitment has a significant impacts on sustainable commitment. Conclusions - The implications of this study are following as: Restaurants franchisor and CEOs should have a passion for innovation to continuously identify consumer needs and develop new menus and services that meet their needs. Second, franchisor and CEOs need to demonstrate the importance of creating the right environment, creating a fair business, and trying to create products in a given environment. Finally, franchisor and CEOs should demonstrate how to build relationships with customers and how to maintain positive feelings. In addition, it is necessary to appeal to the customers with enthusiasm and a customer-oriented tendency of the entrepreneur of the franchise head office in order to maintain the relationship with the customer and feelings.

• The Korean Journal of Franchise Management
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.25-49
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• 2014

This study is to examine the impact of sales franchisor's relationship-oriented efforts(flexibility, problem solving support, customization, information exchange, and supervisor characteristics) on relationship quality(satisfaction, trust, and commitment) and recontract intentions. In order to analyze proposed model, this study collected the 233 franchisees with owner or hired manager. The data were analyzed with SPSS/PC 18.0 and AMOS 18.0. First, to test unidimensionality and nomological validity of the measures of each construct we employed a scale refinement procedure. The result of reliability test with confirmatory factor analysis warranted unidimensionality of the measures for each construct. The findings are as follows: First, relationship-oriented efforts had positive effects on relationship quality (satisfaction, trust, and commitment) of franchisee. Second, satisfaction had positive effect on trust, but did not on recontract intentions. Third, trust had positive effects on commitment and recontract intentions, respectively. Finally, commitment had a positive effect on recontract intentions. At the end of this paper, managerial implications and limitations and future research directions were suggested.

• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.135-140
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• 2022

This study aims to analyze exercise cases and issues using smart devices and technologies, and to present the development direction of a smart exercise environment suitable for the wellness life of active seniors with high activity and economic power unlike the existing silver generation. In the fitness industry, the subscription economy that regularly receives or uses necessary exercise tools, services, and digital content is expanding, and business models based on hardware sales and content subscription continue to emerge. In order to have value competitiveness as a platform that provides active seniors with integrated exercise services for health care, not only fitness centers, but also home training exercise equipment, fitness-related applications, and smart wearable device markets should be organically connected to form an expanded total platform. In order to have value competitiveness as a platform that provides active seniors with integrated exercise services for health care, not only fitness centers, but also home training exercise equipment, fitness-related applications, and smart wearable device markets should be organically connected to form an expanded total platform. The linkage of the digital healthcare function, which provides real-time changes to exercise programs based on continuous monitoring and feed back through wearable devices before, after, and during exercise by receiving and selecting exercise programs suitable for individual health status, is the differentiating factor in the smart fitness model.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.73-85
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• 2023

Purpose: This study focused on identifying the interaction effects of genetic and lifestyle-environmental factors on the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). Methods: Study subjects were selected from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES) from 2001 to 2014. Data on genetic variations, anthropometric measurements, biochemical data, and seven lifestyle factors (diet, physical activity, alcohol drinking, smoking, sleep, depression, and stress) were obtained from 4,836 Koreans aged between 40 and 59 years, including those with T2D at baseline (n = 1,209), newly developed T2D (n= 1,298) and verified controls (n = 3,538). The genetic risk score (GRS) was calculated by using 11 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) related to T2D development and the second quartile was used as the reference category. A Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to evaluate the associations of GRS and lifestyle factors with T2D risk, controlling for covariates. Results: Multivariate regression analysis revealed that GRS was the strongest risk factor for T2D, and body mass index (BMI), smoking, drinking, and spicy food preference also increased the risk. Lifestyle/environmental factors that showed significant interactions with GRS were BMI, current smoking, current drinking, fatty food preference, and spicy food preference. Conclusions: Interactions between genetic factors and lifestyle/environmental factors were associated with an increased risk of T2D. The results will be useful to provide a new perspective on genetic profiling for the earlier detection of T2D risk and clues for personalized interventions, which might be more effective prevention strategies or therapies in individuals with a genetic predisposition to T2D.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.339-346
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• 2007

To search the ninhydrin derivatives that have high chromogenic and fluorogenic properties, molecular holographic quantitative structure property relationship (HQSPR) models on the reactivity between glycine and ninhydrin analogues as latent fingerprint detector were derived and investigated quantitatively. The ${\varepsilon}LUMO$ (e.v.) energy of ninhydrin molecule was an important factor to reactivity of ninhydrin. And, it is suggested that the nucleophilic reaction by orbital-controlled reaction from the frontier molecular orbital (FMO) interaction between glycine and ninhydrin derivatives was more superior than that of electrophilic reaction by charged controlled reaction. The analytical results in atomic contribution maps also shows that the reactivity of ninhydrin was increased by meta-substituents as strong electron withdrawing groups on the benzo ring. Therefore, it is sugested by HQSPR and QSPR model that the 5,6-dinitroninhydrin molecule would increase the reactivity as much as three times as compared to none substituted ninhydrin molecule.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.345-356
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• 2023

This study aimed to assess the effects of exogenous hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) on abdominal aorta coarctation (AAC) induced myocardial fibrosis (MF) and autophagy in rats. Forty-four Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into control group, AAC group, AAC + H₂S group, and H₂S control group. After a model of rats with AAC was built surgically, AAC + H₂S group and H₂S group were injected intraperitoneally with H₂S (100 µmol/kg) daily. The rats in the control group and the AAC group were injected with the same amount of PBS. We observed that H₂S can improve left ventricular function and the deposition of myocardial collagen fibers, inhibit pyroptosis, down-regulate the expression of P-eif2α in myocardial tissue, and inhibit cell autophagy by activating the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT1 signaling pathway (p < 0.05). In addition, angiotensin II (1 µM) H9c2 cardiomyocytes were injured in vitro experiments, and it was also observed that pyroptosis was inhibited after H₂S (400 µmol/kg) intervention, the expression of P-eif2α in cardiomyocytes was significantly down-regulated, and the PI3K/AKT1 signaling pathway was activated at the same time. Therefore, increasing the expression of P-eif2α reverses the activation of the PI3K/AKT1 signaling pathway by H₂S. In conclusion, these findings suggest that exogenous H₂S can ameliorate MF in rats with AAC by inhibiting pyroptosis, and the mechanism may be associated with inhibiting the phosphorylation of eif2α and activating the PI3K/AKT1 signaling pathway to inhibit excessive cell autophagy.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.26 no.3B
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• pp.241-251
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• 2006

This study analyzed the topographical characteristics by extracting property factors of stream (stream order, number of stream, stream length, mean stream length) and property factors of basin (basin area, basin length, total stream length, total number of stream, basin mean width, form factor, maximum stream order, basin density, stream frequency, relief ratio, mean elevation, mean, slope, maximum elevation) from DEM (digital elevation model) and stream network generated by 1:5,000 NGIS (national geographical information system) data for the Bukhan-river basin. In addition, topographical factors for upper, mid stream and lower stream were analyzed and the mutuality of the factors by linear and nonlinear regression curve was identified.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.26 no.2D
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• pp.341-347
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• 2006

Geographically Imha basin is adjacent to Andong basin, but the occurrence of turbid water in each reservoir by storm events shows big differences. Hence, it is very important to identify the reason for these large differences. This study compared and analyzed soil erosion using the semi-empirical soil erosion model, RUSLE for both Imha and Andong basin, especially with emphasis on high-density turbid water. The agricultural district, which is the most vulnerable to soil erosion, was intensively analyzed based on land cover map produced by Ministry of Environment. As a result, the portion of the agricultural area is 11.88% for Andong basin, while it is 14.95% for Imha basin. Also all RUSLE factors excepts practice factor turned out to be higher for Imha basin. This means that the basin characteristics such as soil texture, terrain, and land cover for Imha basin is more vulnerable to soil erosion. Estimation of soil erosion by RUSLE for Andong and Imha basin is 1,275,806 ton and 1,501,608 ton, respectively, showing higher soil erosion by 225,802 ton for Imha basin.