• Resources Recycling
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.45-50
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• 2020

Producer and distributor of electrical and electronic equipment may directly collect waste electrical and electronic equipment that falls under the class to which the equipment they distributed belongs, or may join KERC(Korea Electronic Recycling Cooperative) and have KERC fulfill the duty to collect on behalf. In this study, the system of calculating the financial contributions is reviewed, and then the defined problems and improvement plan are proposed. First, the standard operation and time should be set for collection and transportation costs, taking into account the operation by collection type. Second, since there is a difference in the screening method of the recycling center, the standard cost for the allocation factor should be set by reflecting the difference in these methods and the characteristics of the product line being processed. Third, it is necessary to secure a budget of sufficient size by determining the median or average value rather than the minimum value in the forecast model for visit collection. This study is suggesting in that it examines the problems of the allotted contributions paid by the mutual aid members to KERC and suggests ways to improve them.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.73-82
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• 2005

Generally, to evaluate a slope stability of the geosynthetic reinforced soil slope, the modified version of limit equilibrium method can be used. In most cases, resisting effects of reinforcement are dealt with considering an increased shear strength on the potential slip surface. However, it is not clear that the methods satisfy all three equilibrium equations. In this study, the new slope stability analysis method in which not only reinforcing effects of geosynthetics can be considered but also all three equilibrium equation can be satisfied is proposed. A number of illustrative examples, including published load test of large-scale reinforced retaining wall and centrifuge model tests on the geotextile reinforced soil slopes, are also analyzed. As a result, it is shown that the newly suggested method produces a relatively accurate factor of safety.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.176-184
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• 2018

Purpose: Purpose of this study was to investigate relationships and influence of peripheral neuropathy, sleep, and quality of life in patients with gastric cancer who are receiving chemotherapy. Methods: Participants were 131 patients with gastric cancer being treated at a chemotherapy outpatient clinic and receiving chemotherapy. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, and multiple regression analysis with the SPSS program. Results: Mean score for peripheral neuropathy was 24.66, for sleep, 6.71 and for quality of life, 67.69. Peripheral neuropathy had a significant positive correlation with sleep (r=.26, p=.003) and sleep had a significant negative correlation with quality of life (r=-.50, p<.001). The regression model explaining quality of patients'lives was significant (F=11.91, p<.001), peripheral neuropathy, sleep, and pain due to anticancer drugs and number ofneurotoxic anticancer drugs explained 25.1% of the variance in quality of life and sleep was the most important factor. Conclusion: To improve the quality of life for these patients, individualized nursing interventions for pain should be provided according to number of anticancer drugs in the chemotherapy. Also there is a need to identify ways to assess peripheral neuropathy and sleep disorders that are appropriate in the treatment and reduce side effects during treatment.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.13-21
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• 2015

This study focuses on operational analysis of 2 types of intersection shared lanes. First, the analysis showed that a through & right-turn shared lane is always less used than the adjacent through-only lanes and as a result, operational efficiency deteriorates. To improve the efficiency fine-tuning in signal timing optimization using lane-by-lane traffic volume data is required. Further improvement can be achieved by guiding drivers to equally use the shared lane. For left-turn & U-turn shared lanes, it was found that saturation flow rate is affected by interference between U-turn and conflicting right-turn movements. However, since such interference does not occur in every cycle, a statistical model must be established to develop realistic adjustment factor for saturation flow rate of the shared lane.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.463-473
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• 2011

Purpose: Cervical cancer can be prevented by regular cervical screening. Embarrassment has been reported as one important barrier to cervical screening uptake. The absence of appropriate instrumentation, however, has limited our understanding of the links between embarrassment and health care outcomes. The purpose of this study was to evaluate psychometric attributes of the uterine cervical cancer screening embarrassment questionnaire. Methods: A convenience sample for field study was recruited from four gynecological clinics in Gyeongju, Korea. Within a cross-sectional descriptive design, 339 women who had cervical screening completed self-administered measures of embarrassment including a visual analogue, general medical embarrassment, dispositional embarrassment, and Pap smear related negative emotion. Results: Rasch analysis of items demonstrated the evidence of one-dimensional construct and good 7-point rating scales functioning. Factor analysis revealed that uterine cervical cancer screening embarrassment was comprised of two domains-bodily manifestations and perceiving an undesirable social face. Construct validity was demonstrated by a high subscale-to-subscale correlation. Convergent and discriminant validity was evidenced by significant correlations with a 100 mm VAS scale, general medical embarrassment, and Pap smear related negative emotion. Known-group validity was established by comparing women with high versus low trait embarrassment. Both two sub-scales and overall scale demonstrated good internal reliability. Conclusion: The Uterine uterine cervical cancer screening questionnaire is a reliable and valid instrument suited to assessing the manifestations of embarrassment during screening. The use of instrument can be extended to understand the client's embarrassment undergoing health examinations which require the exposure of their private parts.

• The Southeast Asian review
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.35-79
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• 2014

This study examines the measures for the activation and the growth of intra-regional trade in Southeast Asia taking a look at the four dimensions of tariff rates, non-tariff barriers, trade facilitations, and trade infrastructures. Utilizing a gravity model, we performed empirical analysis and discussed the policy implications with the priorities to implement. To expand the intra-regional trade in Southeast Asia it would be necessary to enhance the level of trade facilitations and provide trade infrastructures, such as ports and airports as well as cutting the tariff rates and eliminating the non-trade barriers. In particular, in the case of exports of ASEAN6 to ASEAN6 the infrastructure is the important factor. Also, in the case of the exports of ASEAN6 to CLMV(Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, and Vietnam), it is expected that eliminating non-tariff barriers and enhancing trade facilitations may play important roles in the progress of intra-regional trade. These results may provide the important implications for Southeast Asian countries, which are trying to promote intra-regional trade ahead of the constitution of ASEAN Economic Community by 2015. Southeast Asian countries could be evaluated to achieve a certain level of trade liberalization and economic integration through the formation of AFTA. But in order for Southeast Asia to develop to advanced economic integrated region it requires mutual cooperations and policy harmonizations among regional countries. Also, for the elimination of non-tariff barriers, promoting trade facilitations, and providing infrastructures, the administrative, legal, and institutional measures would have to be fulfilled in advance. In addition, capital investment for constructing infrastructures would be necessary to realize the intra-regional trade expansion. However, to achieve the goal, it would require a large capital investment and highly mandated policy considerations and harmonizations among Southeast Asian countries in terms of further trade liberalization and economic integration.

• Gut and Liver
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.674-681
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• 2018

Background/Aims: The cumulative surgery rate and postoperative relapse of intestinal Behçet's disease (BD) have been reported to be high. This study aimed to establish a scoring system based on follow-up endoscopic findings that can predict intestinal BD recurrence after surgery. Methods: Fifty-four patients with intestinal BD who underwent surgery due to bowel complications and underwent follow-up colonoscopy were retrospectively investigated. Their clinical data, including colonoscopic findings, were retrieved. Classification and regression tree analysis was used to develop an appropriate endoscopic classification model that can explain the postsurgical recurrence of intestinal BD most accurately based on the following classification: e0, no lesions; e1, solitary ulcer <20 mm in size; e2, solitary ulcer ${\geq}20mm$ in size; and e3, multiple ulcers regardless of size. Results: Clinical relapse occurred in 37 patients (68.5%). Among 38 patients with colonoscopic recurrence, only 29 patients had clinically relapsed. Multivariate analysis identified higher disease activity index for intestinal BD at colonoscopy (hazard ratio [HR], 1.013; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.005 to 1.021; p=0.002) and colonoscopic recurrence (HR, 2.829; 95% CI, 1.223 to 6.545; p=0.015) as independent risk factors for clinical relapse of intestinal BD. Endoscopic findings were classified into four groups, and multivariate analysis showed that the endoscopic score was an independent risk factor of clinical relapse (p=0.012). The risk of clinical relapse was higher in the e3 group compared to the e0 group (HR, 6.284; 95% CI, 2.036 to 19.391; p=0.001). Conclusions: This new endoscopic scoring system could predict clinical relapse in patients after surgical resection of intestinal BD.

• Experimental and Molecular Medicine
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• v.50 no.12
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• pp.9.1-9.12
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• 2018

Endometriosis is a disease characterized by implants of endometrial tissue outside the uterine cavity and is strongly associated with infertility. Focal adhesion of endometrial tissue to the peritoneum is an indication of incipient endometriosis. In this study, we examined the effect of various cytokines that are known to be involved in the pathology of endometriosis on endometrial cell adhesion. Among the investigated cytokines, transforming growth factor-${\beta}1$ ($TGF-{\beta}1$) increased adhesion of endometrial cells to the mesothelium through induction of ${\alpha}2-6$ sialylation. The expression levels of ${\beta}$-galactoside ${\alpha}2-6$ sialyltransferase (ST6Gal) 1 and ST6Gal2 were increased through activation of $TGF-{\beta}RI/SMAD2/3$ signaling in endometrial cells. In addition, we discovered that terminal sialic acid glycan epitopes of endometrial cells engage with sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin-9 expressed on mesothelial cell surfaces. Interestingly, in an in vivo mouse endometriosis model, inhibition of endogenous sialic acid binding by a $NeuAc{\alpha}2-6Gal{\beta}1$-4GlcNAc injection diminished $TGF-{\beta}1$-induced formation of endometriosis lesions. Based on these results, we suggest that increased sialylation of endometrial cells by $TGF-{\beta}1$ promotes the attachment of endometrium to the peritoneum, encouraging endometriosis outbreaks.

• Korea Real Estate Review
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.53-62
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• 2014

A test on the significance of style factors which were revealed to be significant in U.S. and U.K. literature is conducted in this study using appraisal-based returns of offices in Korea. Region, size (appraisal value), value-growth propensity (yield gain gap) and leasing conditions (the number of tenants, the length of average leased period and the proportion of key tenant) are included in the analysis model as style factors. The empirical result suggests that firstly core region and large size are significant but they increase risk as well as return contrary to general belief, secondly value propensity significantly decreases risk as well as return as it does in U.S. and U.K., finally the number of tenants among leasing conditions decreases risk as well as return but the length of average leased period and the proportion of key tenant are not significant.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
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• no.37
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• pp.399-427
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to examine the moderating effects of protective factors on the relations between deviant peer's influences and delinquent behaviors in adolescence. To investigate the moderating effects, simple slope and region of significance test based on multiple linear regression(MLR) model were used. This study used data from wave 1-2(2003-2004) of the Korea Youth Panel Survey(KYPS). Results showed that for female adolescents, self-esteem, parent monitoring, and attachment to parent moderated the link between best friend's deviancy and delinquent behaviors. For male adolescents, however, best friend's deviancy and protective factors didn't show any significant moderating effects. These results help clarify the conditions under which exposure to deviant best friends can influence delinquent behaviors in adolescence. Practice and policy implications as well as further research topic were discussed to aid the search for highly effective preventive and treatment interventions.