• Computers and Concrete
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.269-278
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• 2018

In this paper, two methods M1 and M2 to determine long-term deflection through finite element analyses including the effect of creep and relaxation are proposed and demonstrated for a PSC box-girder. In both the methods, the effect of creep is accounted by different models from international standards viz., ACI-209R-92, CEB MC 90-99, B3 and GL2000. In M1, prestress losses due to creep and relaxation and age adjusted effective modulus are estimated through different models and have been used in finite element (FE) analyses for individual time steps. In M2, effects of creep and relaxation are implemented through the features of FE program and the time dependent analyses are carried out in single step. Variations in time-dependent strains, prestress losses, stresses and deflections of the PSC box-girder bridge through M1 and M2 are studied. For the PSC girder camber obtained from both M1 and M2 are lesser than simple bending theory based calculations, this shows that the camber is overestimated by simple bending theory which may lead to non-conservative design. It is also observed that stresses obtained from FEM for bottom fibre are lesser than the stresses obtained from bending theory at transfer for the PSC girder which may lead to non-conservative estimates.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.339-366
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• 2016

National and local governments around the world have been allowing access to administrative data to increase transparency, motivate civic engagement of citizens, and improve collaboration between the public and the government. This study reviews and classifies existing literature on open government data (OGD). To create a structure to organize the existing studies, the researchers devised a framework based on socio-technical theory and summarized the significance of studies along four major points: (1) readiness, (2) implementation, (3) emerging effects, and (4) actors of open data. Studies in OGD have been growing steadily in the recent years because of the rapid development of adoptable technologies that have enabled easier access to government data. Nonetheless, an examination of existing research not only shows a disparity in research and development of OGD across countries in the Open Government partnership program but also reveals pertinent issues that have arisen in different stages of the OGD initiative. The growing number of studies and expanding body of knowledge show the importance of organizing existing literature. This step is timely and significant to map out the current breadth and depth of OGD research. According to existing research, current open governments fall short in encouraging citizen participation and collaborations among citizens and the government. This study pointed out how studies on OGD actors might be the reason as well as the solution to existing findings. This paper aims to provide a framework for organizing OGD studies, present the status of OGD research, and provide recommendations on current gaps that must be addressed.

• Carbon letters
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.224-234
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• 2010

Four activated carbons were produced by two-stage process as followings; semi-carbonization of indigenous biomass waste, i.e. cotton stalks, followed by chemical activation with KOH under various activation temperatures and chemical ratios of KOH to semi-carbonized cotton stalks (CCS). The surface area, total pore volume and average pore diameter were evaluated by $N_2$-adsorption at 77 K. The surface morphology and oxygen functional groups were determined by SEM and FTIR, respectively. Batch equilibrium and kinetic studies were carried out by using a basic dye, methylene blue as a probe molecule to evaluate the adsorption capacity and mechanism over the produced carbons. The obtained activated carbon (CCS-1K800) exhibited highly microporous structure with high surface area of 950 $m^2/g$, total pore volume of 0.423 $cm^3/g$ and average pore diameter of 17.8 ${\AA}$. The isotherm data fitted well to the Langmuir isotherm with monolayer adsorption capacity of 222 mg/g for CCS-1K800. The kinetic data obtained at different concentrations were analyzed using a pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order and intraparticle diffusion equations. The pseudo-second-order model fitted better for kinetic removal of MB dye. The results indicate that such laboratory carbons could be employed as low cost alternative to commercial carbons in wastewater treatment.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.1176-1181
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• 2004

The cytotoxic activities of Cinnamomum cassia (Blume) bark-derived materials toward six human HeLa epithelioid cervix, A549 lung, SK-OV-3 ovarian, SK-MEL-2 melanoma, XF-498 central nerve system, and HCT-15 colon tumor cell lines were evaluated by using sulforhodamine B assay and compared to those of the anticancer agents, cisplatin and mitomycin C. The biologically active constituent of the Cinnamomum bark was characterized as trans­cinnamaldehyde by spectroscopic analysis. The cytotoxic activity of cinnamaldehyde against HeLa, SK-MEL-2, and HCT -15 cell lines was comparable to that of cisplatin and mitomycin C. The compound showed lower activity against A549, SK-OV-3, and XF-498 cell lines than the anticancer agents. Eugenol exhibited moderate activity against SK-OV­3, XF-498, and HCT-15 tumor cells, and trans-cinnamic acid, cinnamyl alcohol, $\alpha-pinene,\;and\;\beta-pinene$ showed little or no activity against model tumor cells. Cinnamaldehyde was not mutagenic against four strains (TA 98, TA 100, TA 1535, and TA 1537) of Salmonella typhimurium (Castel and Chalm). These results indicate at least one pharmacological action of C. cassia.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.59-74
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• 1987

In this dissertation, a complete model of commutatorless static Kramer type slip power recovery system of 3.phi. induction motor has been designed and tested in the laboratory, and the experimental results are compared with the numerical values. The main results of this study are summerized as follows. (1) Maintenance and repair of the mechanical commutator is obviated by adopting a thyristor commutator in place of the mechanical commutator in the conventional Kramer system. (2) The experimental results of developed torque, and stator current are generally coincided with the numerical values obtained by the derived equation, proving their validity. (3) This system is simulated and the following operational characteristics are obtained with suitable design values : (a) The speed control range of 7:1 is obtained when the turn ratio of induction motor is lowered to about 3:1 to 4:1 and the generating constant of auxiliary synchronous motor is increased to 120-175 range. (b) Its efficiency can be increased to 75-85%, the range for static Scherbius system and its power factor takes values in the range of 65-85%, which is twice of the range for static Scherbius system.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.673-680
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• 2011

The compound 3-(2-Mercaptopyridine)phthalonitrile has been synthesized and characterized by IR, UV-vis, and X-ray single-crystal determination. The molecular geometry from X-ray determination of the title compound in the ground state has been compared using the Hartree-Fock (HF) and density functional theory (DFT) with the 6-31G(d) basis set. The calculated results show that the DFT and HF can well reproduce the structure of the title compound. The energetic behavior of the title compound in solvent media was examined using the B3LYP method with the 6-31G(d) basis set by applying the Onsager and polarizable continuum model. Using the TD-DFT and TD-HF methods, electronic absorption spectra of the title compound have been predicted and good agreement with the TD-DFT method and the experimental determination was found. The predicted nonlinear optical properties of the title compound are much greater than those of urea. Besides, molecular electrostatic potential of the title compound were investigated by theoretical calculations. The thermodynamic properties of the compound at different temperatures have been calculated and corresponding relations between the properties and temperature have also been obtained.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.293-309
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• 2011

This study examined elementary students' reading attitudes to identify the state of feeling related to reading. For this, 523 elementary students from the forth to the sixth of 'model schools for reading' participated and completed questionnaires. The results show that the average score of reading attitudes was 3.8 out of 5, and there were differences between schools, gender and grade levels. Girls' reading attitudes were more positive than boys and sixth-grade students' reading attitudes were the most negative of all grades. The students' attitudes of the school which emphasized reading for pleasure were better than that of reading for academic achievement.

• The Korean Journal of Health Service Management
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.93-104
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• 2016

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to identify the determinants of the long-term influence of violence on hospital nurses. Methods : Three-hundred hospital nurses were recruited in B city, South Korea. They were asked to complete a questionnaire, and 282 data- sets were included in the multiple regression analysis. Results : Subjects experienced more episodes of verbal violence than that of physical threats or physical violence. Assailants tended to be patients and their caretakers rather than internal customers. Nurses who had religion, worked in a surgical ward, and a 3-6 year career perceived a high level of violent experiences compared to their counterparts. The determinants of the long-term influence of violence were physical violence (t=-2.705, p=.007), emotion-focused coping (t=3.049, p=.003), and emotional response (t=3.611, p<.001). The model was statistically significant explaining 13.0% of the variance (F=14.981, p<.001). Conclusions : Nurse managers should help nurses who are victims of hospital violence by teaching them not to depend on emotion-focused coping and by alleviating their emotional response to violence.

• The Korean Journal of Health Service Management
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.145-155
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• 2015

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to test the influencing effects of health perception and family support on depression in elderly patients. Methods : Two-hundred forty-nine hospitalized geriatric patients were recruited in B city, South Korea. They were asked to complete a questionnaire, and 214 data sets were included in multiple regression analysis. Results : Subjects perceived a higher level of depression. Influencing factors of depression were hospitalization experience (t=3.476, p=.001), health perception (t=-3.310, p=.001), education (t=2.684, p=.008), economic satisfaction (t=2.579, p=.011), satisfaction with allowance (t=2.262, p=.025), and family support (t=-2.200, p=.029). The model was statistically significant explaining 36.3% of the variance (F=21.257, p<.001). Conclusions : In dealing with depression, nurses in elderly care facilities should be more concerned about patients with hospitalization experiences. Interventions to improve health perception should be provided to elderly patients, and educational programs on how to support patients are needed for the families of patients.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.27 no.7B
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• pp.653-663
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• 2002

UMTS/GPRS has its own QoS architecture, but additionally needs to support IP-QoS to provide Internet services. This paper describes an IP-QoS provisioning mechanism in the MPLS-based UMTS/GPRS network. We propose a QoS framework that includes the functional architecture of the MPLS-based GPRS networks and the efficient scheduling mechanism based on Diffserv model. The proposed scheduling mechanims is especially focused on the QoS support for real-time services. It also includes a new buffer management scheme that combines the priority queuing and weighted round robin method. The ns-2 simulator has been used to verify the validity of the proposed scheduling method.