• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2011년도 정기총회 및 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.2917-2920
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• 2011

This study aim at demonstrating the environmental performance of freight transport of the rail and road mode through an indicator of embodied energy and $CO_2$ emissions. Using the concept of LCA, the scope of evaluation includes energy production, supply chain activity and operation. The results of embodied energy and $CO_2$ emissions are normalized by means of traffic volume. The results shown that embodied $CO_2$ emissions road mode is 607.07 $gCO_2-eq./tkm$ and 284.67 $gCO_2-eq./tkm$ for road and rail mode, respectively. This number reveals that road mode is 2.1 times larger than rail mode. The results also indicate that the main contribution of $CO_2$ emission from road mode is in the operation stage, which accounts for 70%; however, it is the construction and supply chain stage that accounts for over 50% of the emission of rail mode.

• 항공우주시스템공학회지
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.33-39
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• 2008

VDL Mode 2 is one of air-to-ground VHF digital data link technologies. The VDL Mode 2 system is designed to be an air-to-ground subnetwork of the Aeronautical Telecommunication Network (ATN) using the AM(R)S band and it is organized according to the Open System Interconnection (OSI) model (defined by ISO). It can be used in ATS Applications especially for ATC communication such as CPDLC and ADS as well. And It is expected VDL Mode 2 replaces ACARS(Aircraft Communications Addressing and Reporting System) which has broadly been used for over 20 years. This paper presents the result of design of operational test equipments for the validation of VDL Mode 2 system under development in KARI.

• 대한설비공학회지:설비저널
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.169-181
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• 1986

A numerical analysis has been conducted on the dehumidification phenomena of rotary absorptive dehumidifier. Parameters that affect the dehumidification efficiency, such as regeneration temperature, humidity, rotor angular velocity, air flow rate and regeneration section angle are studied and optimum driving conditions are determined from the results, Furthermore three new types of dehumidification method are developed to improve the efficiency They are named MODE 2, 3 and 4, while the present one MODE 1. Cooling zone has been constructed between regeneration and process Bone in MODE 2 and as a result exit temperature of the process air decreases. MODE 3 an improvement of MODE 2, recirculates the cooling air into the regeneration zone and regeneration input as well as exit temperature decreases. In MODE 4, some of tee regeneration air is recirculated and it cuts down the regeneration input. Among them MODE 3, showed the best dehumidification efficiency.

• 천문학회보
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.89.2-89.2
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• 2013

Solar energetic transients, e.g., flares, CMEs, etc., release large amount of energy which is expected to excite acoustic waves (p-modes) by exerting mechanical impulse of the thermal expansion of the flare on the photosphere. We study the p-mode properties of flaring and dormant active regions (ARs) to find association between flare and p-mode parameters. We compute the magnetic and flare activity indices of ARs using the line-of-sight magnetograms and GOES X-ray fluxes, respectively. The p-mode parameters are computed from the ring-diagram analysis. We correct p-mode parameters for magnetic field, filling factors and foreshortening by multiple linear-regression analysis. Our analysis of several flaring and dormant ARs observed during the Carrington rotations 1980-2109, showed strong association of mode parameters with magnetic and flare activities. We find that the mode parameters are contaminated by the geometrical effect. Mode amplitude decreases with angular distance from the solar disc centre. The mode width increases with magnetic activity while amplitude showed opposite relation due to mode absorption by the sunspot. After correcting modes due to all geometrical effects, magnetic activity and filling factor, we find that the modes amplitude, and mode energy increases with flare energy while width shows opposite relation.

• 디지털콘텐츠학회 논문지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.117-122
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• 2010

본 연구는 레이저 도플러의 진동모드에 대한 분석연구이다. 도플러에서 생성되는 진동모드를 측정하여 각 성분을 분석하여 2차원 연구로부터 3차원을 예측 할 수 있는 성질들을 연구하고자 한다. 진동모드는 범위 탐지기(거리 측정 센서)에 의존하고 있다. 즉, 측정거리에 의해 결정되고 있으므로, 생성되는 변수들로부터 2차원에서부터 3차원에서의 진동모드가 어떻게 생성되는지, 어떤 특성의 패턴으로 나타나는지를 연구함과 더불어, 진동모드와 거리와의 관계도 아울러 연구한다.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.266-279
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• 2015

In this paper, we propose a novel block cipher mode of operation, which is known as the counter chain (CC) mode. The proposed CC mode integrates the cipher block chaining (CBC) block cipher mode of operation with the counter (CTR) mode in a consistent fashion. In the CC mode, the confidentiality and authenticity of data are assured by the CBC mode, while speed is achieved through the CTR mode. The proposed mode of operation overcomes the parallelization deficiency of the CBC mode and the chaining dependency of the counter mode. Experimental results indicate that the proposed CC mode achieves the encryption speed of the CTR mode, which is exceptionally faster than the encryption speed of the CBC mode. Moreover, our proposed CC mode provides better security over the CBC mode. In summary, the proposed CC block cipher mode of operation takes the advantages of both the Counter mode and the CBC mode, while avoiding their shortcomings.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.159-164
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• 2000

A CNG dedicated engine one of the types in natural gas engine is assessed as the most effective mechanism for the reduction of exhaust emissions. This work described the measuring results of a CNG dedicated engine by the experiment, In this study the characteristics of the CNG engine was investigated and then measured exhaust gas by engine performance mode at maximum load condition with increasing the engine speed in the range of 1,000-2,200rpm. The exhaust emission was also measured at D-13 mode as well as AVL-8 mode.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.163-174
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• 2008

H.264/AVC는 최신의 비디오 코딩 표준으로, MPEG-2나 MPEG-4에 비해 50% 정도의 높은 압축 효율을 가지고 있다. H.264/AVC에 포함된 여러 기술 중에서 다양한 모드를 이용한 부호화 기능은 높은 압축률이 가능한 기술이지만, 부호화 과정을 복잡하게 만드는 큰 요인이기도 하다. 이러한 단점을 개선하기 위해서 본 논문에서는 H.264/AVC에서 빠른 부호화를 위한 3단계 모드 선택 기법을 제안한다. 1단계에서는 시간적 공간적 상관성을 고려하여 SKIP 모드 또는 INTER 모드를 선택한다. 2단계에서는 1단계의 결과가 INTER일 경우 세부모드들을 2개의 그룹으로 나누어 그 중에서 하나의 그룹을 선택한다. 3단계에서는 2단계에서 선택된 그룹에 따라 오차 매크로블록의 픽셀 값 방향성 또는 주변 매크로블록의 모드를 고려하여 최종 모드를 선택한다. 제안한 기법의 성능을 실험한 결과, 기존의 JM10.2 표준과 비교했을 때, 적은 PSNR의 저하와 적은 비트율의 상승으로 평균 42%의 부호화 시간을 단축하였다.

• Progress in Superconductivity
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.36-41
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• 1999

Methods for mode identification and accurate measurements of the unloaded Q ($Q_0$) of a dielectric-loaded $TE_{01{\delta}}$ mode cavity resonator with HTS endplates are proposed. A resonator with a sapphire rod and $YBa_2Cu_3O_{7-x}$(YBCO) endplates was prepared and its microwave properties were studied at temperatures above 30 K. The $TE_{01{\delta}}$ mode $Q_0$ of the resonator, designed to work as a tunable resonator with variations in the gap distance (s) between the sapphire rod and the top YBCO, was more than 1000000 at s = 0 mm and at 30 K with the resonant frequency of 19.56 GHz. The $TE_{01{\delta}}$ mode $Q_0$ decreases as s increases for s < 2 mm until mode couplings between the $TE_{01{\delta}}$ mode and other modes appeared at s = 2 mm. Significant dependence of the $TE_{01{\delta}}$ mode $Q_0$ on the input and output coupling constants was also observed. Applications of the open-ended $TE_{01{\delta}}$ mode cavity resonator for a tunable resonator with a very high Q as well as a characterization tool for the surface resistance measurements of HTS films are described.

• 대한방사선치료학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.17-23
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• 2008

목 적: 선형가속기에 부착된 온보드영상장치(On-Board Imager)를 이용한 콘빔CT (Cone Beam Computerized Tomography)는 환자의 셋업 오차 확인 및 보정, 장기 및 표적의 움직임 확인이 용이한 장점이 있는 영상유도방사선 치료 장비이다. 하지만 촬영 시 받게 되는 imaging dose는 2차 암 발생위험의 원인이 된다. 이에 본 저자는 촬영조건(mAs)을 변화시킨 4가지 촬영 mode로 피부선량과 영상 품질을 비교 평가하여 적정한 촬영 mode를 제시하고자 한다. 대상 및 방법: 인체 모형 팬톰(RANDO phantom)을 사용하여 열형광선량계(TLD-100, Harshaw)를 두부, 흉부, 복부로 나누어 각 부위별로 8개씩 위치시킨 후 4가지의 촬영 mode (A: 125 kvp 80 mA 25 ms, B: 125 kvp 40 mA, 25 ms, C: 125 kvp 80 mA 10 ms, D: 125 kvp 40 mA, 10 ms)로 피부선량(skin dose)을 각각 3회씩 측정한 후 그 평균값을 얻어 평가하였고 catphan 504 phantom을 이용하여 장비 제조사의 영상 품질 정도관리 protocol에 따라서 각 촬영 mode 별 영상품질(image quality)을 비교 분석하였다. 결 과: 피부선량을 측정한 결과 두부에서는 A mode: 8.96 cGy, B mode: 4.59 cGy, C mode: 3.46 cGy, D mode: 1.76 cGy였고, 흉부는 A mode: 9.42 cGy, B mode: 4.58 cGy, C mode: 3.65 cGy, D mode: 1.85 cGy가 복부에서는 A mode: 9.97 cGy, B mode: 5.12 cGy, C mode: 4.03 cGy, D mode: 2.21 cGy의 값으로 측정이 되었다. 이는 A mode를 기준으로 약 B mode는 50%, C mode 60%, D mode는 80%의 선량 감소를 나타내었다. 영상품질 평가 항목인 HU reproducibility, Low contrast resolution, Spatial resolution (high contrast resolution), HU uniformity를 분석한 결과 모든 촬영mode에서 장비제조사에서 제시하는 tolerance 이내의 값으로 평가되었다. 결 론: 콘빔CT에 있어서 좋은 영상품질을 유지하면서 imaging dose를 줄이는 것은 중요하다. 이에 본 실험결과를 바탕으로 하여 soft tissue가 관심영역일 경우는 A mode로 두부 촬영 시 bone이 관심영역일 경우 D mode가 일반적인 경우에는 B, C mode가 적용 가능하리라 생각된다. 또한 콘빔CT촬영으로 인해 증가되는 2차 암 발생위험은 낮은 mAs의 촬영조건을 선택함으로써 줄일 수 있을 것이다.