• Journal of KIISE:Computing Practices and Letters
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.186-190
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• 2008

This paper analyzes previous work on publish/subscribe in mobile ad-hoc networks with respect to collaboration methods among distributed event brokers. Our experiments suggest that approaches building event delivery structures are suitable for a scenario where there are events of various types each of which is consumed by a few subscribers. However, these approaches based on independent periodic exchange of network topology information may fail to reflect the up-to-date information when building event delivery paths. For this reason they do not correctly recover a broken path caused by node mobility, which results in lower event delivery rates. This paper proposes a scheme for building and maintaining event delivery paths based on advertisements initiated by and hence propagated from the root node. This guarantees correct recovery of event delivery paths within each period. Our experiments show that, our proposed scheme gives a better event delivery ratio with lower overhead.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.50 no.8
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• pp.103-109
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• 2013

Mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) are infrastructure-less and stand-alone wireless networks with dynamic topologies. To support user's safety in MANETs, fundamental and various security services should be supported. Especially in mobile commercial market, one of the major concerns regarding security is user privacy. Recently, researches about security system to protect user privacy in cluster-based MANETs have been introduced. This paper propose a cluster reconfiguration protocol under anonymous cluster-based MANETs to enhance the network stability. The improved anonymous cluster-based MANETs can recover the network structure against abnormal states of clutserheads.

• Journal of KIISE:Information Networking
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.226-238
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• 2007

In this paper, we present a novel fully distributed topology control protocol that can construct the multiple-ring topology of Minimal Connected Dominating Set (MCDS) as the transport backbone for mobile ad hoc networks. It makes a topology from the minimal nodes that are chosen from all the nodes, and the constructed topology is comprised of the minimal physical links while preserving connectivity. This topology reduces the interference. The all nodes work as the nodes of the distributed parallel Boltzmann machine, of which the objective function is consisted of two Boltzmann factors: the link degree and the connection domination degree. To define these Boltzmann factors, we extend the Connected Dominating Set into a fuzzy set, and also define the fuzzy set of nodes by which the multiple-ring topology can be constructed. To construct the transport backbone of the mobile ad hoc network, the proposed protocol chooses the nodes that are the strong members of these two fuzzy sets as the clusterheads. We also ran simulations to provide the quantitative comparison against the related works in terms of the packet loss rate and the energy consumption rate. As a result, we show that the network that is constructed by the proposed protocol has far better than the other ones with respect to the packet loss rate and the energy consumption rate.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.257-264
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• 2012

In this paper, we propose a Route Stability-based Direction Guided Routing protocol(RSDGR) in mobile ad-hoc wireless networks. The main features and contributions of the proposed routing protocol are as follows. First, it can calculate link stability between two nodes as well as route stability of multi hop quantitatively by using nodes' mobility. And this protocol can establish the most stable path between a source node and a destination node. Second, according to the route stability between a source node and a destination node, it can control and optimize the direction guided region dynamically for route setup. Third, we suggest theoretical model for quantitative calculation of link stability between two nodes and route stability of multi hop path. The performance evaluation of the proposed routing protocol is performed by simulation using OPNET(Optimized Network Engineering Tool) and theoretical analysis. The results of performance evaluation show that the patterns of PDR are similar in simulation and analysis according to route stability. The faster mobile nodes' velocity and the smaller source node's direct guided reigion, the lower route stability and PDR and the higher delay and control overhead related to this.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.542-558
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• 2016

Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs) are self-configuring networks where the nodes are vehicles equipped with wireless communication technologies. In such networks, limitation of signal coverage and fast topology changes impose difficulties to the proper functioning of the routing protocols. Traditional Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANET) routing protocols lose their performance, when communicating between vehicles, compromising information exchange. Obviously, most applications critically rely on routing protocols. Thus, in this work, we propose a methodology for investigating the performance of well-established protocols for MANETs in the VANET arena and, at the same time, we introduce a routing protocol, called Genetic Network Protocol (G-NET). It is based in part on Dynamic Source Routing Protocol (DSR) and on the use of Genetic Algorithms (GAs) for maintenance and route optimization. As G-NET update routes periodically, this work investigates its performance compared to DSR and Ad Hoc on demand Distance Vector (AODV). For more realistic simulation of vehicle movement in urban environments, an analysis was performed by using the VanetMobiSim mobility generator and the Network Simulator (NS-3). Experiments were conducted with different number of vehicles and the results show that, despite the increased routing overhead with respect to DSR, G-NET is better than AODV and provides comparable data delivery rate to the other protocols in the analyzed scenarios.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.167-174
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• 2022

Vehicular Ad hoc Networks are considered as special kind of Mobile Ad Hoc Networks. VANETs are a new emerging recently developed, advanced technology that allows a wide set of applications related to providing more safety on roads, more convenience for passengers, self-driven vehicles, and intelligent transportation systems (ITS). Delay Tolerant Networks (DTN) are networks that allow communication in the event of connection problems, such as delays, intermittent connections, high error rates, and so on. Moreover, these are used in areas that may not have end-to-end connectivity. The expansion from DTN to VANET resulted in Vehicle Delay Tolerant Networks (VDTN). In this approach, a vehicle stores and carries a message in its buffer, and when the opportunity arises, it forwards the message to another node. Carry-store-forward mechanisms, packets in VDTNs can be delivered to the destination without clear connection between the transmitter and the receiver. The primary goals of routing protocols in VDTNs is to maximize the probability of delivery ratio to the destination node, while minimizing the total end-to-end delay. DTNs are used in a variety of operating environments, including those that are subject to failures and interruptions, and those with high delay, such as vehicle ad hoc networks (VANETs). This paper discusses DTN routing protocols belonging to unicast delay tolerant position based. The comparison was implemented using the NS2 simulator. Simulation of the three DTN routing protocols GeOpps, GeoSpray, and MaxProp is recorded, and the results are presented.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2006.06d
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• pp.142-144
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• 2006

MANET(Mobile Ad hoc Network)은 기지국(Base Station)이나 AP(Access Point)와 같은 고정된 네트워크 인프라의 도움 없이 임시망을 구성하는 무선 단말 노드들의 집합이다. MANET의 단말들은 단말로서의 데이터 전송 역할 뿐만 아니라 라우터, 서버로서의 역할도 동시에 수행 하여야 한다. 또한 노드의 이동 패턴, 링크 품질, 잔존 배터리의 양 등에 따라 네트워크 토폴로지가 변할 수 있으므로, 모바일 노드들 간의 통신을 위한 경로 설정과 유지가 매우 어렵다. 따라서 효과적으로 모바일 노드 간에 경로를 설정하고 유지하기 위한 라우팅 프로토콜에 대한 많은 연구가 이루어지고 있다. 본 논문에서는 대표적인 On-demand 방식인 AODV 프로토콜을 개선하여 목적지 노드에서 경로 복구 절차를 시작함으로써 기존 설정된 경로를 최대한 이용하여 경로복구 과정에서 제어 트래픽 오버헤드 및 데이터 패킷의 손실을 최소화하기 위한 라우팅 프로토콜을 제안한다.

• Annual Conference of KIPS
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.1117-1120
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• 2006

Wide applications because of their flexibilities and conveniences of Wireless Mobile Ad-hoc Networks (MANETs) also make them more interesting to adversaries. Currently, there is no applied architecture efficient enough to protect them against many types of attacks. Some preventive mechanisms are deployed to protect MANETs but they are not enough. Thus, MANETs need an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) as the second layer to detect intrusion of adversaries to response and diminish the damage. In this paper, we propose an algorithm for detecting bogus nodes when they attempt to intrude into network by attack routing protocol. In addition, we propose a procedure to find the most optimize path between two nodes when they want to communicate with each other. We also show that our algorithm is very easy to implement in current proposed architectures.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.649-651
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• 2003

이동성을 가진 다수의 노드들에 의해 자율적으로 구성되는 이동 임시무선망(Mobile Ad Hoc Network)은 홈 네트워크, 센서 네트워크, 개인망 등 다양한 응용 분야로의 적용이 활발히 이루어지고 있지만 무선망이라는 속성 때문에 보안에 취약한 문제점을 안고 있다. 본 논문에서는 이동 임시 무선망에서 이동 노드들간에 보안성을 강화하기 위해 키들을 관리하는 기법을 제안한다. 임시 무선망에서 키를 분배하는 기법 중 완전 분배형 인증 기법이 널리 적용되고 있으며 임의의 노드를 기준으로 주변에 특정 개수 이하의 노드가 활동 중인 경우에도 키 관리를 원활히 할 수 있는 기법을 제안한다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2003.10c
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• pp.214-216
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• 2003

Mobile Ad Hoc Network(MANET)에서는, 각 모바일 노드들이 하나의 연결을 유지하는 단말 호스트로 동작함과 동시에 라우터로서도 동작한다. 따라서 유선 네트워크와는 달리 라우터 뿐만 아니라 단말 호스트에서의 네트워크 혼잡이 고려의 대상이 되어야 한다. 네트워크 계층 간에 동작하는 플로우 컨트롤 알고리즘을 사용한다면, 단말 호스트(플로우의 소스 혹은 목적 노드)에서의 패킷 드롭을 줄임으로써 TCP throughput율 증가시킬 수 있다. 일반적으로 MANET의 링크 레이어 프로토콜로는 IEEE 802.11 MAC 프로토콜이 많이 사용되지만, 이 프로토콜은 링크 레이어에서의 플로우 컨트롤을 제공하지는 않는다. 링크 레이어 플로우 컨트롤은 패킷이 전송된 직후에 버퍼 오버플로우로 인해 드롭되는 것을 방지할 수 있으며, 이는 결과적으로 대역폭의 낭비와 전력사용을 줄일 수 있다. 이 논문에서 2개의 플로우 컨트롤 알고리즘, 즉 수직 플로우 컨트롤과 수명 플로우 컨트롤을 제안한다.