Journal of KIISE:Information Networking (한국정보과학회논문지:정보통신)

Korean Institute of Information Scientists and Engineers (한국정보과학회)
권호 표지

Distributed Construction of the Multiple-Ring Topology of the Connected Dominating Set for the Mobile Ad Hoc Networks: Boltzmann Machine Approach

무선 애드혹 망을 위한 연결 지배 집합 다중-링 위상의 분산적 구성-볼츠만 기계적 접근

  • 박재현 (중앙대학교 공과대학 컴퓨터공학부)
  • Published : 2007.06.15
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

In this paper, we present a novel fully distributed topology control protocol that can construct the multiple-ring topology of Minimal Connected Dominating Set (MCDS) as the transport backbone for mobile ad hoc networks. It makes a topology from the minimal nodes that are chosen from all the nodes, and the constructed topology is comprised of the minimal physical links while preserving connectivity. This topology reduces the interference. The all nodes work as the nodes of the distributed parallel Boltzmann machine, of which the objective function is consisted of two Boltzmann factors: the link degree and the connection domination degree. To define these Boltzmann factors, we extend the Connected Dominating Set into a fuzzy set, and also define the fuzzy set of nodes by which the multiple-ring topology can be constructed. To construct the transport backbone of the mobile ad hoc network, the proposed protocol chooses the nodes that are the strong members of these two fuzzy sets as the clusterheads. We also ran simulations to provide the quantitative comparison against the related works in terms of the packet loss rate and the energy consumption rate. As a result, we show that the network that is constructed by the proposed protocol has far better than the other ones with respect to the packet loss rate and the energy consumption rate.

본 논문은 연결 지배 집합에 속하는 노드들로 애드혹 망의 위상을 구성하는 완전 분산형 위상 제어 프로토콜을 제시한다. 제안한 프로토콜은 가능한 최소의 노드 수로 위상을 구성할 수 있게 하여 패킷 전송 시 발생하는 간섭을 줄일 수 있다. 제안한 프로토콜의 알고리즘 복잡도는 O(1)이다. 각 노드는 분산된 병렬 볼츠만 기계의 한 노드로서 동작한다. 이 볼츠만 기계의 목적 함수를 연결의 차수와 연결 지배 정도를 표현하는 두 개의 볼츠만 인수로 구성한다. 이 볼츠만 인수들을 정의하기 위해 두 개의 퍼지 집합을 정의한다. 하나는 연결 지배 노드로 이루어진 퍼지 집합이며, 다른 하나는 다중-링 위상 구성이 가능한 노드로 이루어진 퍼지 집합이다. 제안한 프로토콜은 이 두 퍼지 집합의 강한 원소 노드들을 애드혹 망의 클러스터 헤드로 선택한다. 모의 실험을 통해 패킷 손실율과 에너지 소비율 측면에서 제안 프로토콜이 기존 방법에 비해 우수함을 확인하였다.

Keywords

References

  1. D. M. Blough, M. Leoncini, G. Resta, and P. Santi, 'The k-Neighbors approach to interference bounded and symmetric topology control in ad hoc network,' IEEE Trans. on Mobile Computing, Vol. 5, No. 9, pp. 1267-1282, 2006 https://doi.org/10.1109/TMC.2006.139
  2. Rajmohan Rajaraman, 'Topology control and routing in ad hoc networks: a survey,' ACM SIGACT News, Vol. 33, No. 2, pp. 60-73, 2002 https://doi.org/10.1145/564585.564602
  3. G. Toussaint, 'The relative neighborhood graph of a finite planar set,' Pattern Recognition, Vol. 12, pp. 261-268, 1980 https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-3203(80)90066-7
  4. R. Wattenhofer, L. Li, P. Bahl, and Y.-M. Wang, 'Distributed topology control for wireless multihop ad-hoc networks,' INFOCOM 2001, Proceedings of Twentieth Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies, IEEE, Vol. 3, pp. 1388-1397, April 2001 https://doi.org/10.1109/INFCOM.2001.916634
  5. Yu Wang and Xiang-Yang Li, 'Localized construction of bounded degree and planar spanner for wireless ad hoc networks,' Proceedings of the 2003 joint workshop on Foundations of mobile computing, pp. 59-68, San Diego, CA, USA, September 19, 2003 https://doi.org/10.1145/941079.941088
  6. Lichun Bao and J. J. Garcia-Luna-Aceves, 'Topology management in ad hoc networks,' Proceedings of the 4th ACM international symposium on Mobile ad hoc networking & computing, pp. 129-140, Annapolis, Maryland, USA, June 01-03, 2003 https://doi.org/10.1145/778415.778432
  7. Yuanzhu Peter Chen and Arthur L. Liestman, 'Approximating minimum size weakly-connected dominating sets for clustering mobile ad hoc networks,' Proceedings of the third ACM international symposium on Mobile ad hoc networking & computing, Lausanne, Switzerland, June 09-11, 2002 https://doi.org/10.1145/513800.513821
  8. Jun Wang and William Yurcik, 'A Survey and comparison of multi-ring techniques for scalable battlespace group communications,' SPIE Security and Defense Conference/Progam on Communications and Networking Technologies and Systems, Orlando FL USA, Tuesday March 29th 2005 https://doi.org/10.1117/12.604794
  9. Andrea Fumagalli, Isabella Cerutti, and Marco Tacca, 'Optimal design of survivable mesh networks based on line switched WDM self-healing rings,' IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON), Vol. 11, No. 3, pp. 501-512, 2003 https://doi.org/10.1109/TNET.2003.813039
  10. V.C. Hamacher and Hong Jiang, 'Hierarchical ring network configuration and performance modeling,' IEEE Transactions on Computers, Vol. 50, No. 1, pp. 1-12, 2001 https://doi.org/10.1109/12.902749
  11. C. Kittel and H. Kroemer, Thermal Physics, 2nd ed., Reading Mass, W. H. Freeman, New York, NY, 1980
  12. S. Amari, K. Kurata, and H. Nagaoka, 'Information geometry of Boltzmann machines,' IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks, Vol. 3, No. 2, pp. 260-271, 1992 https://doi.org/10.1109/72.125867
  13. Emile Aarts and Jan Korst, Simulated annealing and Boltzmann machines: a stochastic approach to combinatorial optimization and neural computing, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, NY, 1989
  14. M. Fleischer, 'Simulated annealing: past, present, and future,' 1995 Winter Simulation Conference Proceedings, pp. 155-161, 3-6 Dec. 1995
  15. Christian Blum and Andrea Roli, 'Metaheuristics in combinatorial optimization: Overview and conceptual comparison,' ACM Comput. Surv., Vol. 35, No. 3, pp. 268-308, 2003 https://doi.org/10.1145/937503.937505
  16. Juan D Vicente, Juan Lanchares, and Roman Hermida, 'Annealing placement by thermodynamic combinatorial optimization,' ACM Trans. Des. Autom. Electron. Syst., Vol. 9, No. 3, pp. 310-332, 2004 https://doi.org/10.1145/1013948.1013951
  17. Benjie Chen, Kyle Jamieson, Hari Balakrishnan, and Robert Morris, 'Span: an energy-efficient coordination algorithm for topology maintenance in ad hoc wireless networks,' Wireless Networks, Vol. 8, No. 5, pp. 481-494, 2002 https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1016542229220
  18. Ya Xu, John Heidemann, and Deborah Estrin, 'Geography-informed energy conservation for Ad Hoc routing,' Proceedings of the 7th annual international conference on Mobile computing and networking, pp. 70-84, Rome, Italy, July 2001 https://doi.org/10.1145/381677.381685
  19. Y. Xu, J. Heidemann, and D. Estrin, 'Adaptive energy-conserving routing for multihop ad hoc networks,' Technical Report 527, USC/ISI, October 2000
  20. Suresh Singh and C. S. Raghavendra, 'PAMAS: power aware multi-access protocol with signalling for ad hoc networks,' ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review, Vol. 28, No. 3, pp. 5-26, July 1998 https://doi.org/10.1145/293927.293928
  21. Robin Kravets and P. Krishnan, 'Power management techniques for mobile communication,' Proceedings of the 4th annual ACM/IEEE international conference on Mobile computing and networking, pp. 157-168, Dallas, Texas, USA, October 25-30, 1998 https://doi.org/10.1145/288235.288276
  22. M. Stemm and R. Katz, 'Reducing power consumption of network interfaces in hand-held devices,' Proceedings of the Third Workshop on Mobile Multimedia Communications (MoMuC-3), Princeton, NJ, 1996
  23. W. Mangione-Smith, P. Ghang, S. Nazareth, P. Lettieri, W. Boring, and R. Jain, 'A low power architecture for wireless multimedia systems: lessons learned from building a power hog,' Proceedings of the 1996 international symposium on Low power electronics and design, pp. 23-28, Monterey, California, USA, August 12-14, 1996 https://doi.org/10.1109/LPE.1996.542725
  24. Yu Wang and Xiang-Yang Li, 'Localized construction of bounded degree and planar spanner for wireless ad hoc networks,' Proceedings of the 2003 joint workshop on Foundations of mobile computing, pp. 59-68, San Diego, CA, USA, September 19, 2003 https://doi.org/10.1145/941079.941088
  25. Martin Burkhart, Pascal von Rickenbach, Roger Wattenhofer, and Aaron Zollinger, 'Does topology control reduce interference?,' Proceedings of the 5th ACM international symposium on Mobile ad hoc networking and computing, pp. 9-19, Roppongi Hills, Tokyo, Japan, May 24-26, 2004 https://doi.org/10.1145/989459.989462
  26. L. Hu, 'Topology Control for Multihop Packet Radio Networks,' IEEE Trans. on Communications, Vol. 41, No. 10, pp. 1474-1481, 1993 https://doi.org/10.1109/26.237882
  27. R. Ramanathan and R. Rosales-Hain, 'Topology Control of Multihop Wireless Networks Using Transmit Power Adjustment,' Proc. of the 19th Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies (INFOCOM), pp. 404-413, 2000 https://doi.org/10.1109/INFCOM.2000.832213
  28. Brad Karp and H. T. Kung, 'GPSR: greedy perimeter stateless routing for wireless networks,' Proceedings of the 6th annual international conference on Mobile computing and networking, pp. 243-254, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, August 06-11, 2000 https://doi.org/10.1145/345910.345953
  29. V. Rodoplu and T. H. Meng, 'Minimum energy mobile wireless networks,' IEEE J. Selected Areas in Communications, Vol. 17, No. 8, pp. 1333-1344, 1999 https://doi.org/10.1109/49.779917
  30. Josh Broch, David A. Maltz, David B. Johnson, Yih-Chun Hu, and Jorjeta Jetcheva, 'A performance comparison of multi-hop wireless ad hoc network routing protocols,' Proceedings of the 4th annual ACM/IEEE international conference on Mobile computing and networking, pp. 85-97, Dallas, Texas, USA, October 25-30, 1998 https://doi.org/10.1145/288235.288256
  31. Duracell, (1998), 'Performance characteristics,' [On- Line]. Available: http://www.duracell.com/oem/primary/lithium/performance.asp
  32. Charles E. Perkins and Pravin Bhagwat, 'Highly dynamic Destination-Sequenced Distance-Vector routing (DSDV) for mobile computers,' Proceedings of the conference on Communications architectures, protocols and applications, pp. 234-244, London, United Kingdom, August 31-September 02, 1994 https://doi.org/10.1145/190314.190336