• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.61-67
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• 1984

The life history of a trematod fluck, Himasthla kusasigi was studied on the morphological characters of metacercariae, its infection rate in the clam and the contamination experiment to the herring gull, Larus crassiostris. The size of the metacercariae was $210{\sim}230{\times}220{\mu}m$, excysted metacercariae was $420{\times}160{\mu}m$ and it had 31 collar spines. The ventral sucker($112{\times}100{\mu}m$) was located just below the central part of the body. Esophagus was narrow and long, the intestine was branched in the upper part of the ventral sucker and extended to the hind part of the body. Excretory bladder without the infected part was located in the hind part of the body. The branched excretory tube was filled with the small granules and extended to the pharynx area. The infection rate of the metacercariae varied from place to place. In Naecho do and Puan the rates were $98.4\%$ and $95.9\%$ respectively. The infected number of Himasthla kusasigi per clam was positively proportional to the size of the clam. The adult fluckes developed from the metacercariae were obtained from the experimented herring gull. The metacercariae emerge from their cysts in the stomach of the herring gull, then they migrate it the intestine and 25 days after, most of them were found in the intestine. The size of the adult was $4.8{\sim}7.5{\times}0.22{\sim}0.24mm$, oral sucker; $68{\sim}120{\times}70{\sim}120{\mu}m$, pharynx: $80{\times}50{\mu}m$, ventral sucker: $630{\sim}680{\times}610{\sim}680{\mu}m$. The head collar $48{\sim}75{\times}10{\mu}m$ had 31 collar spines. The isolated trematod fluck from the samples was classified as a Himasthla kusasigi by the morphological characteristics of the adult flock and its metacercariae. We oberved that the second intermediate host of Himasthla kusasigi was hard clam, Meretrix lusoria, while its final host was herring gull, Larus crassiostris and Tringa ochropus.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.26 no.2 s.85
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• pp.182-186
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• 1998

The result of study on the morphological feature of fruitbody, soil characteristics and enviromental condition of habitat of Tricholoma giganteum in Korea was as follows: The Pileus was $5.5{\sim}28.0\;cm$ in diameter and $1.5{\sim}3.7\;cm$ in thickness, indicating of yellowish white, beige, or ivory color. The lamellae were $18{\sim}20\;mm$ in diameter; the stipe was $9.0{\sim}35.7\;cm$ long and $1.0{\sim}3.0\;cm$ wide. The spores were $3.5{\sim}4.8{\times}5.7{\sim}7.4\;{\mu}m$ in size, ellipsoid, hyaline and the spore deposit white. The basidia were $6.1{\sim}7.0{\times}32.2{\sim}39.2\;{\mu}m$ in size. Cheiloystidia were $3.5{\sim}4.4{\times}30.5{\sim}33.1\;{\mu}m$ in size. Pileipellis were $3.3{\sim}4.4{\times}33.0{\sim}55.0\;{\mu}m$ wide and had clamp connection. Stipitipellis were $2.2{\sim}3.3{\times}88.0{\sim}93.1\;{\mu}m$ in size. Texture of soil in habitate of T. giganteum was silty loam, and organic materials content and available phosphate content in this soil were high as comparision to general soil in Korea. In the time of the mushrooms sprout, the room temperature indicated $25{\sim}27^{\circ}C$, their humidity showed $80{\sim}83%$, and the brightnesses were 328 Lux.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.29 no.1 s.72
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• pp.113-127
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• 1999

The purpose of this study is to investigate the stability of counterclockwise rotation of mandible by sagittal split ramus osteotomy to correct the skeletal Class III malocclusion with anterior open bite. Twenty five skeletal Class III open bite patients(mean age 20.6 years) who were treated by the sagittal split ramus osteotonues with rigid fixation were examined in this study. Cephalometric radiographs were taken for each Patients Preoperative(T1), ewly Postoperative(T2), and late postoperative Period(T3). Mean postoperative period was 8.0 months. Cephalometric analysis was done and data from T1, T2, and T3 were analyzed statistically by Paired t-test and Pearson correlation analysis. The following results were obtained. 1. Mandibular plane angle decreased $2.9^{\circ}$ and mandibular occlusal plane angle related to SN Plane decreased $2.7^{\circ}$ after orthognathic surgery(T2). At 6 months after orthognathic surgery(T3), mandibular plane angle increased $1.0^{\circ}$, but mandibular occlusal plane angle did not changed. 2. The amount of horizontal relapse long time after orthognathic surgery(T3) was 1.6 mm at B point and it was $22\%$ of the total posterior movements. There was no vertical relapse in the anterior facial height. 3. The related factor with horizontal relapse at late postoperative period was mandibular plane angle(p<0.01). The related factors with decreasing posterior facial height were amount of mandibular setback(p<0.01), increasing of mandibular ramus height(p<0.01), and decrease of the mandibular plane angle during operation(p<0.01). 4. There was no relationship between the amount of changes in mandibular occlusal plan angle during operation and the amount of relapse after surgery.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.24 no.1 s.62
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• pp.15-18
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• 1985

Studies were made on the morphology and life cycle of the mite, Pyemotes tritici $Lagr{\acute{e}}z$-Fossot & $Montagn{\acute{e}}$ (Trombidiformes; Pyemotidea) ,parasitic on larvae of cigarette beetle, Lasioderma serricorne F., which is one of the most serious pests of stored tobacco, cigar, and cigarette in Korea. One generation time was $20.9{\pm}0.7$ days out of which $9.5{\pm}0.3$ days were spent for feeding and $10.3{\pm}0.8$ days for reproduction of progenies. A female of this insect-parasitic mite produced $56.7{\pm}6.9$ progenies during her reproduction period. The body size of a newly-laid male or female was $280{\mu}m$ long and $85{\mu}m$ wide. As female of this mite sucked on, their abdomen grew larger and larger to reach $825{\mu}m$ in width and $0.346mm^3$ in volume after $9{\sim}10$ days. By sucking the humor of a host, the abdomen of a female mite became almost a global shape in two days. The increase rate of abdominal width was the biggest on the second or the third day of feeding while the volume of abdomen reached to the largest on $6{\sim}8$ days after feeding. The largest number of the daily young produced on 4-th day after a female began to reproduce.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.32 no.2 s.91
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• pp.107-115
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• 2002

The aim of this study was to investigate experimentally the mechanical and histological effect of drilling process on the stability of micro-implant used for the orthodontic anchorage. For this purpose, 32 micro-implants(Osas$^{(R)}$, Epoch medical, ${\phi}$1.6 mm) were inserted into maxilla, mandible and palate in two beagle dogs. 16 micro-implants(8 per dog) were inserted after drilling with pilot drilling bur (drill method group). 16 micro-implants(8 per dog) were inserted without drilling (drill-free method group). After 1 week, micro-implants were loaded by means of Ni-Ti coil spring (Ni-Ti springs-extension$^{(R)}$, Ormco) with 200-300 gm force. Following 12 weeks, the micro-implants and the surrounding bone were removed. Before sacrifice, the mobilities were tested with Periotest$^{(R)}$(Siemens). Undecalcified serial sections with the long axis were made and the histologic evaluations were done. The results of this study were as follow ; 1. The osseointegration was found in both of drill-free method group and drill method group 2. Two of drill method group and one of drill-free method group in 32 micro-implants were lost after loading. 3. The mobilities of drill-free method group were less than drill method group 4. The bone contact on surface of micro-implants in drill-free method group was more than drill method group but there was no significant difference between groups. 5. The bone density in threads of micro-implants in drill-free method group was more than drill method group and there was significant difference between groups. These results suggest that drill-free method in insertion of micro-implants is superior to drill method on the stabilities, bone remodeling and osseointegrations under early loading.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.87-96
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• 2003

The purposes of this study were to find out the optimum intensity of magnetic field where magnetism could promote the activity of osteoblast, and to discover the possibility of clinical application in the areas of dental implants and bone grafts by confirming the effect of clinically increasing bone formation. In this experiment, we used the Neodymium magnet, which had magnetic power six times as strong as the current ones and enabled the resistances against the demagnetization up to 20 to 50 times to be minimized with the size of 1mm in sight. In order to culture cells, a specially designed device was used. It was made to adjust the distance and accordingly to control the intensity of the magnetic field, by placing the cell culture plate in the center with a magnet of 1mm long and thick installed on the both ends. Using MC3T3-E1 cell, a kind of osteoblast-like cell, we cultured, for 24 hours, not only the test group which had been cultured under the magnetic fields with different intensity of 5, 10, 50, 100, 500, and 1000 Gauss, but also the control group excluding the influences of the magnetic field. After observing the cell's form and the density of the culture medium through an inverted microscope, we made a series of proceedings needed for the immunofluoroscence staining, such as fixation, normal serum reaction, primary antibody reaction, and secondary antibody reaction. And with a fluorescence microscope, we observed those-above and compared the frequency of expression of IFG-1 receptor. To make a Western immunoblotting analysis, the cells cultured under the same condition as the above had the procedure of the lysis buffer and the acrylamide gel electrophoresis was carried out. Protein transferred into the nitrocellulose membrane and tested on the primary and the secondary antibody reactions was observed and compared. The results were as follows: When observed through an inverted microscope, the nuclear divisions of the cells under the magnetic field of 10 Gauss were the most active, and the density of the cells could be observed the most enormously. As the result of an immunofluoroscence staining of IGF-1 receptor, the expression of IFG-1 was the most frequently observed under the magnetic field of 10 Gauss. On the other hand, few differences of consideration were made between the test group cultured under the magnetic fields of 5, 500, and 1000 Gauss and the control group. In respect of the expression of IFG-1 receptor, the test group cultured under the magnetic fields of 50 and 100 Gauss were higher than the control group, and lower than that cultured under the magnetic field of 10 Gauss.(p<0.05) According to the Western immunoblotting analysis, the band of IFG-1 receptor which had 85KDa of molecular weight was the darkest. Judging from the above-mentioned results, the growth factor receptor of an osteoblast cell which was an important criterion for the bone formation was increased in maximum under the magnetic field of 10 Gauss. Moreover it was observed that the optimum intensity of magnetic field in which magnetism made the activity of the osteoblast cell increase was about 10 Gauss.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.359-371
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• 2010

Facial asymmetry has been found with a higher frequency (70~84%) in skeletal class III malocclusion patients. Anticipating the poor prognosis of prosthesis due to malocclusion, occlusal stability must be obtained by orthodontic treatment. Moreover, orthodontic surgery would be needed in some severe cases for better functional and esthetic results. The orthognathic surgery is performed on one jaw or two jaw depending on the results of facial diagnosis. Genioplasty may change the vertical, horizontal, sagittal position of chin by osteotomy or augmentation using implants, also. This case is about a 24 year-old male patient who visited our clinic to solve the facial asymmetry and mandibular prognathism. Skeletal class III malocclusion, maxillary canting and menton deviation to left by 13 mm were detected. Multiple ill-fitting prostheses, unesthetic maxillary anterior prostheses, and several dental caries were found. After pre-operative orthodontic treatment, Le-Fort I osteotomy, sagittal split ramus osteotomy, genioplasty, right mandibular angle augmentation were done for the correction of jaw relation and asymmetry. By diagnostic wax-up after post-operative orthodontic treatment, maxillary full mouth rehabilitation and mandibular posterior restorations were planned out. For better result, clinical crown lengthening procedure was done on #11, 12 and implant was placed on left mandibular first molar area. The patient was satisfied with the final prostheses. Because of his high caries risk, long-term prognosis will depend on the consistent maintenance of oral hygiene and periodic follow-up.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.741-755
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• 1995

Currently titanium is the material of choice for implants because of its biological acceptance. This high degree of biocompatibility is thought to result, in part, from the protective and stable oxide layer that presumably aids in the bonding of the extracellular matrix at the implant-tissue interface. Endosseous dental implants are interfaced with bone, connective tissue, and epithelium when implanted into the jaw bone. The soft tissue interface including connective tissue and epithelium is one of the most critical factors in the determination of implant maintenance and prognosis. For maintenance of failing or failed implants, it is essential to treat the implant fixture surface to remove bacterial endotoxins and make a surface tolerated by surrounding soft and hard tissues. In this study, the effect of mechanical treatment on titanium plasma sprayed implant on adhesiveness and proliferation of human gingival fibroblasts and changed surface characteristics were studied. titanium plasma sprayed discs manufactured by Friedrichsfeld company were treated with loaw speed stone bur, a rubber point and a jetpolisher. Its surface components were analyzed with Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy to evaluate whether the surface characteristics were altered or not. To observe the spreading pattern of the human gingival fibroblasts which attached to the all specimens author used the scanning electron microscope. The results were as follows : Pure titanium and plasma sprayed titanium, stone polished titanium showed titanium peak and small amout of aluminum, so there was no alteration on surface characteristics. Under the scanning electron microscopic examination in the initial attachment of human gingival fibroblast, there was a slight enhancement in pure titanium, stone polished titanium than plasma sprayed titanium. After 6 hours, the pure titanium and stone polished titanium showed human gingival fibroblasts were elongated and connected with numerous processes. Human gingival fibroblasts were more intimately attached on the pure titanium discs than on the other discs. The human gingival fibroblasts attached on the plasma sprayed titanium by thin and elongated processes. After 24 hours, the human gingival fibroblasts connected with each other via numerous processes and compeletly covered the pure titanium and stone polshed titanium discs. Human gingival fibroblasts had multiple point contacts with more long and thin lamellopodia and showed a little bare surface on plasma sprayed titanium discs.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.52 no.3
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• pp.165-176
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• 2014

Purpose: The effects of desensitizing agent are often for a short duration. One of the reasons is believed to be wear of desensitizing agent by tooth brushing. To reduce the wear and make the duration longer, dental bonding resin was applied and the changes of dentin permeability after toothbrushing were measured. Materials and methods: Extracted teeth free from caries were chosen. Coronal dentin discs with thickness of 1 mm were prepared. Using the split chamber device developed by Pashely, hydraulic conductance and scanning electron microscope images (SEM) were compared and contrasted before and immediately after the application of desensitizing agent and bonding resin and then after equivalent tooth brushing of 1 week, 2 weeks, and 6 weeks. Four commercially available desensitizing agents were used in this study; they were All-Bond 2, Seal & Protect, Gluma, and MS Coat. And Dentin/Enamel Bonding resin (Bisco Inc.) was used. The results of this study are as follows. Results: On all specimens, the hydraulic conductance decreased after the application of tooth desensitizing agent and bonding resin. Compared with the specimens treated only with desensitizer, the specimens treated with All-Bond 2, Gluma, MS Coat and plus D/E bonding resin had a little increase in hydraulic conductance after 1, 2 and 6-week tooth brushing. In case of Seal & Protect, the specimens showed the same result only after 6-week tooth brushing. On examination of SEM, the dentinal tubule diameter had decreased after treatment of desensitizing agents and bonding resin. And the specimens treated with All-Bond2, Seal&Protect, Gluma, MS Coat and plus D/E bonding resin had an significant decrease in diameter of dentinal tubule after 6-week tooth brushing. Conclusion: According to the results of this study, it is effective to use bonding resin after application of desensitizer in reducing the wear by tooth brushing and making the duration longer. In this study, just 6-week tooth brushing was performed, and it is not enough to regard it as a long-term data. So further study is needed and more perfect method for treating dentin hypersensitivity should be developed.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.212-216
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• 2015

A new commercial strain "Mongdol" of oyster mushroom was developed by hyphal anastomosis. It was improved with hybridization between monokaryotic strain derived from Pleurotus ostreatus ASI 0627 and dikaryotic strain derived from P. ostreatus ASI 2929. The optimum temperature of mycelial growth and fruiting body development were $25{\sim}30^{\circ}C$ and $12{\sim}18^{\circ}C$, respectively. When two different media including PDA (potato dextrose agar medium) and MCM (mushroom complete medium) were compared, the mycelial growth of this mushroom was faster in MCM than in PDA. Similar result was observed with the control strain P. ostreatus ASI 2504. Analysis of the genetic characteristics of the new cultivar "Mongdol" showed a different DNA profile as that of the control strain ASI 2504, when RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA) primer URP3 and URP6 were used. Fruiting body production per bottle was about 106 g using demonstration farms. The color of pileus was blackish gray and the stipe was long. Therefore, we expect that this new strain "Mongdol" will satisfy the consumer's demand for high quality mushrooms.