• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.556-562
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• 2017

Heavy metals in water systems are being managed on the concentration-based guidelines in Korea. However, various chemicals present in water can interact with heavy metals affecting their toxicity. Such interactions are not considered in the concentration-based guidelines. This study investigated the effect of hardness and coexisting heavy metals on heavy metal toxicity to emphasize the importance of having the effect-based guidelines together with the concentration-based guidelines in water management. The toxic effects of Cd, Zn, or mixtures of Cd and Zn were studied with Daphnia magna as a test species following the standard test method at different hardness conditions (100, 200, and $300mg\;L^{-1}$ as $CaCO_3$). The toxicities of single metal solutions and mixtures showed a decreasing trend with increasing hardness, and this can be attributed to the competition between heavy metals and cations such as calcium ions ($Ca^{2+}$) that cause hardness. The predicted toxicities of the heavy metal mixtures from the single metal toxicity deviated from the measured toxicities, and the predicted toxic effects tend to be greater than the measured toxic effects suggesting that Cd and Zn are in competition. This shows the limitations of using predicted toxic effects and the needs for further studies on mixture toxicities. Overall, this study shows that the management of heavy metals in waters needs to employ the effect-based guidelines together with the concentration-based guidelines.

• 한방재활의학과학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.41-47
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• 2011

Objectives: This study was performed to investigate single oral dose toxicity of TB001, the extract mixture of Purple loosestrife and Aceriphyllum rossii. Methods: The mortality, general symptom, change of weight: and necropcy findings was investigated for 14 days after a dose(2000 mg/kg B.W.) of TB001 was given, using SD rats of both male and female according to "The guideline of toxicity test for medicine and others". Results: The death of rats and abnormal finding was not observed. There was no the significant difference of weight between control group and TB001 group. Conclusions: The abnormalities at the necropsy finding of all survived rats was not detected. The study suggested that there is no toxicity in single dose(2000 mg/kg B.W.) of TB001.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.305-313
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• 2017

Accumulating epidemiological evidence indicates that exposure to fine air pollution particles (APPs) is associated with a variety of adverse health effects. However, the exact physiochemical properties and biological toxicities of fine APPs are still not well characterized. We collected four types of fine particle (FP) (diesel exhaust particles [DEPs], natural organic combustion [NOC] ash, synthetic organic combustion [SOC] ash, and yellow sand dust [YSD]) and investigated their physicochemical properties and in vitro biological toxicity. DEPs were almost entirely composed of ultrafine particles (UFPs), while the NOC, SOC, and YSD particles were a mixture of UFPs and FPs. The main elements in the DEPs, NOC ash, SOC ash, and YSD were black carbon, silicon, black carbon, and silicon, respectively. DEPs exhibited dose-dependent mutagenicity even at a low dose in Salmonella typhimurium TA 98 and 100 strains in an Ames test for genotoxicity. However, NOC, SOC, and YSD particles did not show any mutagenicity at high doses. The neutral red uptake assay to test cell viability revealed that DEPs showed dose-dependent potent cytotoxicity even at a low concentration. The toxicity of DEPs was relatively higher than that of NOC, SOC, and YSD particles. Therefore, these results indicate that among the four FPs, DEPs showed the highest in vitro biological toxicity. Additional comprehensive research studies such as chemical analysis and in vivo acute and chronic inhalation toxicity tests are necessary to determine and clarify the effects of this air contaminant on human health.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제30권11호
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• pp.945-956
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• 2021

In this study, the effects of single and binary heavy metals toxicity on the growth and phosphorus removal ability of Bacillus sp.. known as be a phosphorus-removing microorganism, were quantitatively evaluated. Cd, Cu, Zn, Pb, Ni were used as heavy metals. As a result of analysis of variance of the half of inhibition concentration and half of effective concentration for each single heavy metal treatment group, the inhibitory effect on the growth of Bacillus sp. was Ni < Pb < Zn < Cu < Cd. And the inhibitory effect on phosphorus removal by Bacillus sp. was Ni < Pb < Zn < Cu < Cd. When analyzing the correlation between growth inhibition and phosphorus removal efficiency of a single heavy metal treatment group, a negative correlation was found (R² = 0.815), and a positive correlation was found when the correlation between IC₅₀ and EC₅₀ was analyzed (R² = 0.959). In all binary heavy metal treatment groups, the interaction was an antagonistic effect when evaluated using the additive toxicity index method. This paper is considered to be basic data on the toxic effects of heavy metals when phosphorus is removed using phosphorus removal microorganisms in wastewater.

• 한국독성학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국독성학회 2002년도 Current Trends in Toxicological Sciences
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• pp.117-117
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• 2002

Paclitaxel isolated from the pacific yew tree, Taxus brevifolia, is microtuble-stabilizing agent that has a promising anticancer activity against a wide variety of tumors such as ovarian, breast and lung cancers. Because of its poor water solubility, paclitaxel is currently formulated in a mixture of polyoxyethyleneglycerol triricinoleate 35 (Cremophor EL) and dehydrated ethanol USP (1:1 v/v).(omitted)

• 한국환경독성학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국환경독성학회 2003년도 추계국제학술대회
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• pp.9-9
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• 2003

There are growing concerns about human health effects of dioxin and dioxin like compounds such as polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDS), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), Earlier studies recognized that 2,3,7,8-tetrachloro dibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) and structually related dioxin like compounds invoke a number of common toxic responses that are mediated through a high-affinity cytosolic receptor protein, the AhR. Based on studies that Indicate th pivotal role of AhR in mediating most, if not all, of the dioxin toxicity, TCDD equivalency factor (TEF) approach was developed. This approach allowed the expression of toxic potential of a complex mixture as one integrated parameter, the toxic equivalency (TEQ) value.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.111-121
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• 2024

Particulate matter (PM) is a mixture of microscopic solid inhalable particles including airborne liquid droplets, and it is implicated with several diseases. The eye does not have a protective barrier among the human organs, consequently it get directly exposed to environmental substances such as PM. The scarcity of treatments for damage to the eyesight and the vision and eye structure being closely related to the structure and function of the central nervous system highlights the cruciality of novel therapeutics. In this study was conducted using in vivo zebrafish vertebrate model which is a useful model due to the conserved genes between human. We found that protective effect of Octopus minor extract against particulate matter-induced adverse effects on eye development in zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos by regulating antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mRNA expression.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제26권10호
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• pp.1207-1213
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• 2016

오미자(Schisandrae Fructus)와 상엽(Mori folium)은 한국, 중국, 일본을 포함한 아시아 지역에서 오랫동안 식품자원 및 전통 의약제로 광범위하게 사용되어 왔다. 최근 연구에 따르면 오미자와 상엽은 항균, 항염증, 항산화, 면역기능 조절 및 혈관신생억제 등과 같은 많은 효능을 가지는 것으로 알려져 있다. 그러나 오미자(SF), 상엽(MF) 에탄올 단독추출물 및 복합추출물(medicinal herber mixture, MHMIX)에 대한 독성 및 안전성에 대해서는 거의 알려져 있지 않은 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 SF, MF 및 MHMIX가 유발하는 급성독성 및 안전성을 확인하였다. 이를 위하여 ICR mice를 대상으로 SF, MF 및 MHMIX 5,000 mg/kg을 최고농도로 설정하여 단회 경구 투여하였으며, 투여 후 14일 동안의 치사율, 체중 변화, 임상증상, 음수율 및 사료섭취량과 함께 부검 소견, 장기무게 변화, 혈액학 및 혈액생화학적 검사를 실시하였다. 결과에서 나타난 바와 같이 SF, MF 및 MHMIX의 투여 후 치사율, 임상증상, 체중 및 부검 소견 상의 유의적인 변화는 관찰되지 않았다. 또한 SF, MF 및 MHMIX 투여에 따른 각 장기의 무게, 혈액학적 및 혈청학적 임상 화학적 지표에도 유의적인 변화는 관찰할 수 없었다. 따라서 SF, MF 및 MHMIX는 단회 경구 투여에 따른 치사량이 5,000 mg/kg 이상일 것으로 추정되어 ICR 마우스에 대하여 급성독성이 없는 비교적 안전한 물질이라는 것을 알 수 있었으며, 향후 천연물 소재로서의 효능 규명을 통한 활용이 기대된다.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.105-110
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• 1997

Fenvalerate, cypermethrin, furathiocarb 및 prothiofos에 대해 각각 581, 18, 19, 11배의 저항성을 보인 진주계통과 fenvalerate와 furathiocarb에 대해 각각 38배와 9배의 저항성을 나타내고 있는 함양.서상계동을 bifenthrin과 prothiofos의 혼합조합으로 방제하기 위해 실내 엽침지법과 포장방제시험을 수행하였다. Bifenthrin 1EC와 prothiofos 50EC을 1:50으로 혼합하여 실내엽침지법으로 처리하였을 때 공력계수가 273.2로 최고점에 도달한 후 급격히 감소하는 양상을 보였다. 침지법에서 가장 효과적이었던 혼용비율의 조합을 함양.서상현지 농가에서 실증시험을 수행한 결과, 처리구에서 처리약량을 절반으로 줄였음에도 배추좀나방의 방제효과가 농가관행구와 마찬가지로 우수하였다. 또한 이 조합은 여러가지 대표적인 살충제에 대해 높은 저항성을 나타내고 있는 진주지역계통에 대해서도 합리적인 농약혼합으로 저항성문제에 적절히 대처할 수 있음을 보여주었다.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생물공학회 2000년도 춘계학술발표대회
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• pp.145-148
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• 2000

Large-scale resolution of epoxides by the yeast Rhodotorula glutinis was demonstrated in an aqueous/organic two-phase cascade membrane bioreactor. Due to the chemical instability and low solubility of epoxides in aqueous phases, an organic solvent was introduced into the reaction mixture in order to enhance resolution of epoxide. A cascade hollow-fiber membrane bioreactor was used (i) to minimize the toxicity of organic solvents towards the epoxide hydrolase of Rhodotorula glutinis, and (ii) to remove inhibitory amounts of formed diol from the yeast cell containing aqueous phase. Dodecane was selected as a suitable solvent and 1,2-epoxyhexane as a model substrate. By use of this membrane bioreactor, highly concentrated (0.9 M in dodecane) enantiopure (>98% ee) (S)-1,2-epoxyhexane (6.5 g, 30% yield) was obtained from its racemic mixture.