• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.201-211
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• 1989

In this treatise, the kinds of main dishes and the frequency of them, and the materials, the variation of recipe, the measuring units, the cooking utensils, and the measuring terms, which used for making main foods were studied from the books published from 1670 to 1943 in Korea. 1. Main dishes were classified as Bap, Zook: Am-Zook, Mee-Um: Yue-Yi: Won-Mi, Guck-Soo: Naeng-Myun, Man-Doo: Duck-Guk: Soo-Jae-Bee. 2. There were 115 kinds of main dishes including 21 kinds of Bap and Yack-Bap, and 34 kinds of Zook and Am-Zook, 11 kinds of Mee-Um, Yue-Yi and Won-Mi, and 21 kinds of Man-Doo, Duck-Guk and Soo-Jae-Bee. 3. There were 41 kinds of measuring units used for making main dishes including 17 kinds of volume units, 3 kinds of weight units, 14 kinds of quantity units, 4 kinds of units for length, thickness, and 3 kinds of the others. 4. There were 62 kinds of cooking utensils among which Ssot (iron-pot) was the most widely used, but nowadays the most of them were rarely used due to automatization and mechanization of living tools. 5. All cooking terms were 148 kinds including 52 kinds of terms for the preparing process, 24 kinds of terms for the mixing process, 30 kinds of terms for the making-shape process, 18 kinds of terms for the heating process, 16 kinds of terms for the chopping process, and 8 kinds of terms for the setting process.

• Journal of Powder Materials
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.474-478
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• 2013

The most general photocatalyst, $TiO_2$ and $WO_3$, are acknowledged to be ineffective in range of visible light. Therefore, many efforts have been directed at improving their activity such as: band-gap narrowing with non-metal element doping and making composites with high specific surface area to effectively separate electrons and holes. In this paper, the method was introduced to prepare a photo-active catalyst to visible irradiation by making a mixture with $TiO_2$ and $WO_3$. In the $TiO_2-WO_3$ composite, $WO_3$ absorbs visible light creating excited electrons and holes while some of the excited electrons move to $TiO_2$ and the holes remain in $WO_3$. This charge separation reduces electron-hole recombination resulting in an enhancement of photocatalytic activity. Added Ag plays the role of electron acceptor, retarding the recombination rate of excited electrons and holes. In making a mixture of $TiO_2-WO_3$ composite, the mixing route affects the photocatalytic activity. The planetary ball-mill method is more effective than magnetic stirring route, owing to a more effective dispersion of aggregated powders. The volume ratio of $TiO_2(4)$ and $WO_3(6)$ shows the most effective photocatalytic activity in the range of visible light in the view point of effective separation of electrons and holes.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.286-293
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• 2011

Accordingly architectural structure is getting high-rise and bigger, a use of high strength and high performance concrete has been increased. High performance concrete has cons of explosion in a fire. This explosion in the fire can cause the loss of the sheath on a concrete surface, therefore it effects that increasing a rate of heat transmission between the steel bar and inner concrete. Preventing this explosion of high performance concrete in the fire, many kinds of researches are now in progressing. Typically, researches with using polypropylene-fiber and steel-fiber can prove controling the explosion, but the reduction of mobility was posed as a problem of workability. Consequently, to solve the problem as mentioned above, concrete cans secure fire resisting capacity through the using of coating liquid, including Ester-lubricant and non-ionic characteristic surfactant. This research has been drawn a ideal condition in compressive strength areas of concrete by an experiment. When applying 13mm of polyamide fiber, proper fiber mixing volume by compressive strength areas of concrete more than 2.5kg in 160MPa. These amount of a compound can control the explosion.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.512-524
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to investigate the antioxidative effects of Mori Cortex Radicis powder and to determine the optimal mixing ratio of Mori Cortex Radicis powder and water in the preparation of bread. The optimal sensory composite recipe was determined by producing bread with different levels of Mori Cortex Radicis powder and water. The analysis was performed using response surface methodology and a sensory evaluation was performed with the data. Ten experimental recipes, including two with reference points in the composition, were selected. In terms of the antioxidative effects of Mori Cortex Radicis powder, the $IC_{50}$ for total phenolic content and DPPH free radical scavenging activity were 149.56 GAE/g dry powder and 137.77 /mL respectively. Measurement results of the mechanical properties showed differences in volume (p<0.05), baking loss (p<0.05), yellowness (p<0.01), lightness (p<0.01), redness (p<0.01), hardness (p<0.01) and springiness (p<0.05). The sensory measurements showed significant values for color (p<0.05), appearance (p<0.05), flavor (p<0.01), taste (p<0.01), and overall quality (p<0.01). Overall, based on numerical and graphical methods, the optimal formulation was determined to be 21.16 g of Mori Cortex Radicis powder and 372.47 g of water.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.63-72
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• 1990

Surface of crystalline silica was sequentially reacted with silane(A 187), liquid rubber(CTBNx8) and vinyl monomer(AA, MMA, 2-HEA, GMA) in existance of amines(TEA, CTMAB, BETAC) or peroxide(BPO). By mixing it with epoxy resin at a ratio 0~36%(volume %) of total component, liquid properties of mixtures was investigated experimentally. i) Coating ratio depended on quantity and sorts of catalyst. ii) Total coating of 2.5~5.8% was attained by using 0.1~2.0% of catalyst. iii) Treated surfaces represented each different features in according to sorts of treatment. iv) Silane/rubber or silane/rubber/vinyl represented lower viscosity and settling than non-treated or silane-treated.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.802-808
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• 1996

Silicic acid(SA) was extracted with organic solvents from aqueous sodium silicate solutions acidified with dilute sulfuric acid. Tetrahydrofuran(THF), isopropyl alcohol and acetone were used as organic solvents. The extraction degree of Si and the removal efficiency of Na is determined according to kinds of solvent and the mixing ratios of solvent, sodium chloride and $H_2O$. Optimum conditions for the preparation of high purity SA were THF as an organic solvent, volume ratio of organic solvent/SA : 1 (organic solvent 10ml/10ml SA) and the amount of NaCl addition 2.5g/10ml SA. The extraction degree of Si and the removal efficiency of Na at that point were 86.2% and 99.95% respectively and the purity of SA was 99.96%.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.918-923
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• 2003

Replacement of wheat flour by 10, 20 30% waxy and normal (non-waxy) hull-less barley flour was tested for the effects on bread-making properties. The addition of waxy hull-less barley flour resulted in lower amylograph pasting temperature, peak, and set back viscosities and in higher water absorption, compared with normal hull-less barley flour. Increasing proportions of hull-less barley flour significantly decreased the loaf volume and had deleterious effects on subjective bread scoring. Replacement of 10% of wheat flour by both waxy and normal hull-less barley flour did not significantly affect bread characteristics. However, significant differences in bread quality were observed between the control bread and bread containing more than 20% barley flour, with the normal barley flour showing slightly better scores in organoleptical preference. Textural measurements of crumb firmness showed that the bread containing 20% waxy hull-less barley flour hardened slower during 5-day storage at $25^{\circ}C$ than bread containing normal hull-lee barley flour.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.53 no.2
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• pp.193-198
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• 2015

The high-pressure phase behavior of a polycaprolactone (Mw=56,145 g/mol, polydispersity 1.2), dichloromethane, and carbon dioxide ternary system was measured using a variable-volume view cell. The experimental temperatures and pressures ranged from 313.15 K to 353.15 K and up to 300 bar as functions of the $CO_2$/dichloromethane mass ratio and temperature, at poly(D-lactic acid) weight fractions of 1.0, 2.0, and 3.0%. The correlation results were obtained from the hybrid equation of state (Peng-Robinson equation of state + SAFT equation of state) for the $CO_2$-polymer system using the van der Waals one-fluid mixing rule. The three binary interaction parameters were optimized by the simplex method algorithm.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.51-56
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• 2015

The object of this study is to obtain the optimum mix proportion of halogen free compound with flame resistance and, for the purpose, thermal/electrical characteristics test are conducted using compatibilizing agents, flame resistance agents, hydroxide aluminum, sunscreen, antioxidant and silicon oil on the base resin of linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE), Ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA). Existing compound method accompanies many requirements to be satisfied including a lot of addition of flame resistance agents, prohibition of impact on mixing capability with base and property and etc. In this study, different from the existing method, the optimum mix proportion is determined and experimented by adding nano clay. Oxygen index test shows no difference between specimens while T-6, T-9 shows oxygen index of 29[%] and 26[%], respectively. This is concluded that hydroxide aluminum, which is a flame resistance agent, leads low oxygen index. From UL94-V vertical flame resistance test, the combustion behavior is determined as V-0, Fail based on UL94-V decision criteria. Viscometry shows low measurements in specimens with separate addition of compatibilizing agents or nano clay. Volume resistivity test shows low measurement mainly in specimens without compatibilizing agents. Therefore, with the flame resistance compound shows better performance for thermal/electrical property and the optimum mix proportion are achieved among many existing materials.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 2015

The current scenario of the transportation sector reflects the urgent need to address issues such as depletion of traditional fuel reserves and ever growing pollution levels. Researchers around the world are focussing on alternatives as well as optimisation of currently employed devices to reduce the pollution levels generated by the commonly used fuels. One such optimisation involves the study of air flow within the intake manifolds of SI engines. It is a well-known fact that alterations in the air manifolds of engines have a significant impact on the engine performance parameters, fuel consumption and emission levels. Previous works have demonstrated the impacts of runner lengths, diameter, plenum volume, taper angle of distribution manifolds and other factors on in-cylinder fluid motion and engine performance. However, a static setup provides an optimal configuration only at a specific engine speed. This paper aims to investigate the variations in the same parameters on a four stroke, naturally aspirated single cylinder SI engine through varying the cross section design over the intake runner with the aid of Computational Fluid Dynamics. The system consists of segments that form the intake runner with projections on the inside that allow various permutations of the intake runner segments. The various configurations provide the optimised fluid flow characteristics within the intake manifold at specific engine speed intervals. The variations such as turbulence, air fuel mixing are analysed using the three dimensional CFD software FLUENT. The results can be used further for developing an automated or manually adjustable intake manifold.