• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.201-209
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• 2014

Transit Oriented Development(TOD) has been the dominant paradigm for urban development. The traditional approach to the development of urban rail station areas demonstrates apparent weaknesses when it comes to compact and mixed-use types of development for these stations. Thus, the objective of this study is to derive evaluation indicators with which to assess urban rail station areas using TOD planning elements. A focus group interview was conducted to explore TOD planning elements. In order to examine the level of TOD to be achieved, an AHP technique was utilized to analyze the importance of several variables. Z-scores and Re-scores were applied to derive the values for the stations. The Variables related to the land use type, mixed use, floor area, and public transit were found to be the major contributing factors to the achievement of TOD in urban rail station areas. The results of this study show that the level of TOD achievement varies according to the major land use, density, accessibility, and mixed-use planning elements.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.757-764
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• 2013

This study was conducted to determine factors causing urban temperature rises in a mixed urban and rural city in Korea. The study site was Miryang City. For this study, temperature changes over a 36 year period from 1974 to 2010, as well as changes made in the urban environment of the city were examined. Changes in the urban environment included data pertaining to both urban development and changing land use, as well as the changing lifestyle patterns of the populace. The study showed that a rise in the average annual temperature and the average annual mean-maximum temperature were statistically significant and the greatest determining factor for the temperature rise was a corresponding decrease in arable land. The study also showed that the decrease in cultivated land was directly and significantly related to an expansion of regional urbanization. There is a direct relationship between the decrease in cultivated land and an increase in the annual-mean-maximum temperature compared with annual-mean temperature. This increase can be explained as arable land works as an "island" of cooler temperatures in the hottest times of the day. A decrease of $1km^2$ of arable land is expected to cause an increase of $0.08^{\circ}C$ of annual-maximum-mean temperature and $0.06^{\circ}C$ of annual-mean temperature.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.36 no.1 s.67
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• pp.81-101
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• 2005

This article is to estimate the fishing frequency function in Korean recreational fishery with respect to socio-economic characteristics of anglers. First, the study described the characteristics of the entire angler population on the view points of 9 socio-economic variables. And then, the study divided the total angler population into three groups of in-land, sea, and mixed angler populations in order to investigate the differences in their characteristics. The study could confirm the existence of differences in regions, size of regions, and educational levels between the in - land and the sea angler populations by testing heterogeneity in the frequency table. The fishing frequency function is estimated using Poisson regression model in order to accomodate the count data(non-negative discrete random variable) aspects of the fishing frequency. However, the model specification error is found due to overdispersion of data. The model exhibits the lack of goodness of fit. The negative binomial regression model is adopted to cure the overdispersion of the data as an alternative estimation methodology. Finally, the study can confirm overdispersion does not exist in the model any more and the goodness of fit improved significantly to the reasonable level. The results of estimation of fishing frequency population modeled by the negative binomial regression models are following. The three variables of region, sex, and education have effects on the decision making process of fishing frequency in the case of in-land recreation fishery. On the other hand, the three variables of sex, age, and marriage status do the same job in the case of sea angler population. Among the left-over variables, both income and use of Internet variables now affect on the process in mixed angler population. Finally, the results of whole angler population show that all of the previous variables are proven to be statistically significant due to the summation of data with all three sub-groups of angler population.

• International Journal of High-Rise Buildings
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.149-163
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• 2017

With the intensification of urban development in Chinese cities, mixed land use in urban centers extends vertically into 3-D and expands its scale from a single building to commercial clusters. The multi-level pedestrian system in city centers also changed its role from one of traffic isolation to spatial integration, where transit nodes, street sidewalks, squares, building entrances, atriums, and corridors are interconnected, both horizontally and vertically, into a whole spatial system, within which pedestrian flows are guided and shopping facilities are arranged. This paper uses spatial configuration analysis of space syntax to examine the impacts of spatial patterns on movement distribution and the business performance of tenant mix in the multi-level commercial system of the Nanshan Commercial Cultural District in Shenzhen, China. The key objective is to better understand the interactions between the socio-economic variables and spatial design parameters of a shopping complex. The research findings point to the importance of multiplicity between syntactic variables and other spatial variables in influencing the pedestrian flows, business performance and tenant mix in highly complex commercial systems. Particularly noteworthy is the relationship between spatial accessibility measures and the location of escalators, and the ways in which individual commercial buildings are embedded into the overall spatial system. The study suggests that this may lead to the preliminary identification of the spatial qualities of effective vertical extensions of mixed land use in a high-density urban settings.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.171-188
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• 2013

Landuse changes and cadastral information error categories in the four major river areas were analyzed for the use of policy data as cadastral re-arrangement of national and public lands would be required, using high-resolution air-photographs and cadastral maps before and after the river development. The study sites were the river areas of 40km around four dams of the Nakdong river where their landuses were changed most. As the results, national and public lands reached 79.9% of land parcels and 93.3% of land areas of the study sites similar with those of the four river areas, 84.3% of land parcels and 85.5% of land areas. The landuse classification of the study sites before the four river development was consisted most of 'river'(71.6%) and 'rice field'(12.3%), but after the development the 'river' was reduced to 42.7% and 'park area'(19.6%) including sport fields and 'mixed lots'(20.8%) were increased. Also, 86.7% of land parcels before the development could be reduced after the development if administrative districts and land ownerships were not considered. Cadastral information error categories can be found as cadastral polygon missing, polygon overlap, location and boundary non-coincidence, small polygon generation, and non-coincidence between cadastral boundary and river boundary. Landuse change monitoring method using air-photographs will be useful to analyze landuse state through fast information aquisition and to manage properties of national and public lands such as river areas.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.38-47
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• 1999

The mixed rural city is adjusting to change by urbanization. The recent landcover change in mixed rural city is an important factor that changes structure and function of regional ecosystem. Landscape ecology is an integrated ecology widely available for environmental science such as nature conservation and sustainable land-use planning. As the concern about environmental quality rises, many studies are trying to create and conservate for biotop. The creation of biotop is related to the plan and management of the effective landuse because the important factor to change the structure and function of ecological area in the country. This study was carried out to establish the foundation of the landuse plan to analyze the change of landuse and to plan the scheme in creating biotop and landuse. We used the approach of ecological landscape and using landscape indices with RS(Remote Sensing) and GIS(Geographic Information System) technology, spatio-temporal variations of areas and distribution of forest patches were examined in the Sunghwan in Chonan from 1985 to 1996. A result of this study showed that the area of forest and paddy decreased by urban sprawl. The size of patch in the forest and agriculture had been smaller and irregular form, heterogeneity of size of forest and agriculture patches within sub-basin was increased, pattern of forest and agriculture patches decreased the corridor and network from 1985 to 1996.

• Land and Housing Review
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.31-39
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• 2019

Singapore, a city state with less than 6 million population, has continued successful cooperative development and become one of the most successful Asian countries in exporting expertise in urban and real estate development. This research aims to analyze Singapore's cooperative development with socialist countries including China and Vietnam from Singapore's perspective as an investor. For cooperative development projects in China, Singapore adopted Singapore-style physical urban planning concepts as well as its own institutional and administrative systems. Singapore-Vietnam cooperative development managed to acquire profitable land and diversify its portfolio in terms of industry types and rents. This made Singapore's industrial parks more competitive than other parks in Vietnam. By showcasing successful project implementation in China and Vietnam, Singapore has proved that its model for industrial park and urban development is transferable. Singapore's success in cooperative development with socialist countries provides important implications for future cooperative development between South and North Korea. For example, phased development approaches starting from individual industrial parks expanding to mixed-use townships will be very useful to realize sustainable urban planning in North Korea and reduce financial risks. Singapore dominated development opportunities in advance when socialist countries opened their economy. To pattern ourselves after Singapore, we should not only improve our relationship with North Korea but also prepare with practical components such as financing and organizational structure.

• Journal of Korea Planning Association
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• v.53 no.7
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• pp.49-66
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to analyze neighborhood environmental factors affecting bicycle accidents and accidental severity in Seoul, Korea. The use of bicycles has increased rapidly as daily transportation means in recent years. As a result, bicycle accidents are also steadily increasing. Using Traffic Accident Analysis System (TAAS) data from 2015 to 2017, this study uses negative binomial regression analysis to identify neighborhood environmental factors affecting bicycle accidents and accidential severity. The main results are as follows. First, bicycle accidents are more likely to occur in commercial and mixed land use areas where pedestrians, bicycle and vehicles are moving together. Second, bicycle accidents are positively associated with road structures such as four-way intersection. In contrast, three-way intersection is negatively associated with serious bicycle accidents. The density of speed hump or street tree is negatively associated with bicycle accidents and accidential severity. This finding indicates the effect of speed limit or street trees on bicycle safety. Fourth, bicycle infrastructures are also important factors affecting bicycle accidents and accidential severity. Bicycle-exclusive roads or bicycle-pedestrian mixed roads are positively associated with bicycle accidents and accidential severity. Finally, this study suggests policy implications to improve bicycle safety.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.197-206
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• 2010

To provide baseline information essential for assessing environmental impacts of monsoon rainfalls in a mountainous watershed under mixed land use, we investigated spatiotemporal variations in water quality using a combined approach of seasonal water quality survey and intensive storm samplings. Biannual water sampling at nine locations encompassing major land use types showed generally lower electrical conductivity and Cl- concentrations during the typical wet period compared to the dry period, indicating rainfall-induced dilution of dissolved ions. Total metal concentrations, however, were significantly higher during the monsoon period, probably associated with rainfall-induced increases in suspended sediments. Intensive storm sampling during a small monsoon rainfall event (18 mm) and an extreme event (452 mm) showed rapid changes in both suspended sediments and dissolved solutes in an agricultural stream draining the Haean Basin where arable lands have expanded rapidly over the recent decades. By contrast, a nearby forest stream derived from North Korea showed little responses to the small event compared to larges changes during the extreme event. In the agricultural stream total Pb concentrations showed significant positive relationships with suspended sediments. Although limited sampling frequency and locations require a cautious interpretation, the overall results suggest that expansion of agricultural fields in steep mountainous watersheds can increase the susceptibility of soil erosion and its off-site environmental impacts under increasing rainfall variability and extremes.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.98 no.2
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• pp.197-202
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• 2009

We studied bird communities among in rice field (46 plots), short grallland (47plot), and tall grass mixed shrub (21 plots) during dry season, January 2007 in Boeung Prek Lapouv (BPL) Important Bird Area, Mekong Delta, Cambodia using the point-count method. Water depth, vegetation height and shrub density were significantly different among the three study areas. We recorded, 60 bird species, of which 13 differed significantly among habitats. Landbirds such as Grey-breasted Prinia (Prinia hodgsonii) and Oliver-black Sunbird (Nectarinia jugularis) were much more abundant (P<0.0001) in the tall grass mixed shrub, whereas the Sarus Crane (Grus antigone), herons and egrets were more abundant in the short grass (P<0.05). Bird species richness and species abundances were not significantly different among habitats. Bird species diversity (H') was higher in grasslands than in rice fields. Mosaic habitat matrix, such as rice field, short grass, and tall grass mixed shrub, should be maintained for the extend and quality of wetlands, and the prevailing human-land use patterns, appear adequate and conductive for waterbirds in the Mekong Delta, Cambodia.