• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.283-294
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• 2020

This work aims at studying the feasibility of continuous removal of mixed heavy metal ions from simulated zinc plating wastewaters by coupling a microbial fuel cell and a microbial electrolysis cell in batch and continuous modes. The discharging voltage of MFC increased initially from 0.4621 ± 0.0005 V to 0.4864 ± 0.0006 V as the initial concentration of Cr⁶⁺ increased from 10 ppm to 60 ppm. Almost complete removal of Cr⁶⁺ and low removal of Cu²⁺ occurred in MFC of the MFC-MEC-coupled system after 8 hours under the batch mode; removal efficiencies (REs) of Cr⁶⁺ and Cu²⁺ were 99.76% and 30.49%. After the same reaction time, REs of nickel and zinc ions were 55.15% and 76.21% in its MEC. Cu²⁺, Ni²⁺, and Zn²⁺ removal efficiencies of 54.98%, 30.63%, 55.04%, and 75.35% were achieved in the effluent within optimum HRT of 2 hours under the continuous mode. The incomplete removal of Cu²⁺, Ni²⁺ and Zn²⁺ ions in the effluent was due to the fact that the Cr⁶⁺ was almost completely consumed at the end of MFC reaction. After HRT of 12 hours, at the different sampling locations, Cr⁶⁺ and Cu²⁺ removal efficiencies in the cathodic chamber of MFC were 89.95% and 34.69%, respectively. 94.58%, 33.95%, 56.57%, and 75.76% were achieved for Cr⁶⁺, Cu²⁺, Ni²⁺ and Zn²⁺ in the cathodic chamber of MEC. It can be concluded that those metal ions can be removed completely by repeatedly passing high concentration of Cr⁶⁺ through the cathode chamber of MFC of the MFC-MEC-coupled system.

• 한국전자파학회논문지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.137-150
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• 1997

무한 도체평판에 있는 슬롯과 무한히 긴 가는 도선간의 전자기적인 결합문제를 MPIE(mixed potential integ gral equation)와 세분된 기저함수를 사용하는 2차원 모벤트법으로 해석하였다. 또한 폭이 좁은 슬롯의 경우에 타당한 중심표현법(center -representation)을 이용하여 동가회로를 구하였다. TM 편파된 평면파가 슬롯에 임의의 각으로 입사하는 경우에 슬롯에서의 등가자기전류와 도선에 유도된 전류를 구하였다. 그리고 도선과 무한 도체평판으로 구성된 전송선로에 전류를 인가할 때, 슬롯에 의한 전송선로의 반사계수 및 투과계수를 구하고 실험치와 비교하여 잘 일치함을 확인하였다.

• Coupled systems mechanics
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• 제7권6호
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• pp.649-668
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• 2018

In this paper, we present a numerical model for fluid-structure interaction between structure built of porous media and acoustic fluid, which provides both pore pressure inside porous media and hydrodynamic pressures and hydrodynamic forces exerted on the upstream face of the structure in an unified manner and simplifies fluid-structure interaction problems. The first original feature of the proposed model concerns the structure built of saturated porous medium whose response is obtained with coupled discrete beam lattice model, which is based on Voronoi cell representation with cohesive links as linear elastic Timoshenko beam finite elements. The motion of the pore fluid is governed by Darcy's law, and the coupling between the solid phase and the pore fluid is introduced in the model through Biot's porous media theory. The pore pressure field is discretized with CST (Constant Strain Triangle) finite elements, which coincide with Delaunay triangles. By exploiting Hammer quadrature rule for numerical integration on CST elements, and duality property between Voronoi diagram and Delaunay triangulation, the numerical implementation of the coupling results with an additional pore pressure degree of freedom placed at each node of a Timoshenko beam finite element. The second original point of the model concerns the motion of the outside fluid which is modeled with mixed displacement/pressure based formulation. The chosen finite element representations of the structure response and the outside fluid motion ensures for the structure and fluid finite elements to be connected directly at the common nodes at the fluid-structure interface, because they share both the displacement and the pressure degrees of freedom. Numerical simulations presented in this paper show an excellent agreement between the numerically obtained results and the analytical solutions.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.115-124
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• 1992

The characteristics and stabilities of phosphatidylcholine liposomes covalently coupled with immunoglobulin fragments prepared by the REV method were investigated by the dynamic light scattering, absorbance and calcein release. Using a sulfhydryl-reactive phospholipid derivative of N-[4$({\rho}-maleimido-phenyl)$ butyl] phosphatidylethanolamine (MPB-PE), Fab' antibody fragments were covalently combined with preformed large unilamellar vesicles (LUV), Coupling ratio was $250\;{\mu}g$ of $Fab'/{\mu}mol$ of phospholipid in vesicles, From dynamic light scattering, it was found that the size of the vesicles increases as the ratio of cholesterol to lipid increases, but that apparently, the size of liposomes was not sensitive to the existence of Fab' fragments. Regardless of inserting Fab' fragments, the absorbance of liposomes decreased as the amounts of bile salt (BS) added. At very low BS concentrations, BS/lipid aggregates would be formed in the outer vesicles monolayer, while, at the high BS concentrations, mixed micelles would be preferred. The vesicles incorporated with Fab' fragments, however, are more resistant to the bile salts than the MPB-PE vesicle are. The absorbance of vacant liposomes and calcein release resulted in that the Fab' vesicles and MPB-PE vesicles by the REV method are very stable, but that those by the sonication method sufferred the significant change of turbidities.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제53권4호
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• pp.637-649
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• 2020

An ideal 3D primitive equation model is implemented to investigate upper ocean response to typhoons, focusing on rightward bias (RWB) which means an appearance of an intensified sea surface cooling to the right side of the typhoon track. The model has 26-stratified levels and a flat bottom (1000 m), covering a rectangular domain of about 3,060 km×3,300 km with four open boundaries. The sea water is forced by an atmospheric pressure and a gradient wind of the typhoon. The model well reproduces the RWB in previous observations and theoretical analyses. For the fast moving typhoon (FMT) (-8m/sec), the model shows that in the mixed layer (ML), the RWB in the SST noticeably appears clearly illustrating the coupling between inertial motion and wind stress, but in the subsurface layer (-100m), the RWB does not emerge since a cyclonic current field (CCF) caused by wind stress curl is primarily dominant. For the slowly moving typhoon (SMT) (-3m/sec), however, the RWB does not emerge because the coupling is weakened and the CCF is rather predominant even in the ML. In the model, we conclude that the RWB noticeably emerges in the FMT but does not emerge in the SMT related to predominance of CCF.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.76-86
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• 1998

Effects of processing variables and MAPP (maleic anhydride polypropylene) coupling agent on the properties of composite were discussed for turbulent-air-mixed woodfiber-polypropylenefiber composites. In this research, density, composition ratio, and mat moisture content were established as processing variables, and emulsified MAPP prepared by direct pressure method was incorporated as the coupling agent. And the turbulent air mixer, which was improved in function through alteration of our previous fiber mixer, was used to mix wood fibers and polypropylene fibers. At the addition level of 1% MAPP, based on oven-dried wood fiber weight, woodfiber-polypropylenefiber composites generally showed enhanced the physical and mechanical properties. And composites with low to medium densities of 0.6 to 0.8g/$cm^3$ greatly increased in these property values than with high densities of 1.0g/$cm^3$ or more by adding 1 % MAPP. Thus, MAPP addition was thought to be an effective way of enhancing properties for nonwoven web composites. At the mat moisture contents of 5 to 20%, however, the physical and mechanical properties were not enhanced by adding 1% MAPP. In the composites containing 15% polypropylene fibers, the lowest thickness swelling and water absorption values were observed at the 1% MAPP level. The addition of more than 1% MAPP had the adverse effect on the physical and mechanical properties of composites.

• 지질공학
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.255-267
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• 2001

지하 50m의 화강암반내 단층지역에 위치한 지하 방사성폐기물 처분장 인접지역에서의 열, 수리, 및 역학적 연성거동을 비교하고 분석하였다. 해석에는 2차원 해석코드인 UDEC을 사용하였다. 해석모델은 화강암반, 처분공내의 압축 벤토나이트로 둘러싸인 PWR 사용후 핵연료 처분용기, 및 처분동굴내에 채워진 혼합 벤토나이트를 포함한다. 수리-역학적, 열-역학적, 및 열-수리-역학적 연성거동을 비교 및 분석하였다. PWR 사용후 핵연료내의 방사성 물질로부터 나오는 시간의존 방사성 붕괴열이 처분장 및 인접지역에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 수리해석에는 steady state flow 알고리즘을 사용하였다.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.315-323
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• 1983

Effect of NiO and $MnO_2$ addtivies on the dielectric piezoelectrics and polarization-reversal properties of $(Pb_{0.936} La_{0.064})$$(Zr_{0.60}Ti_{0.40})O_3$ ceramics have been investigated. The specimens were prepared by the mixed oxide techni-que and atmosphere sintering method. The room temperature X-ray diffraction studies show that perfect perovskite solution with tetragonal structure was obtained from PLZT and its additives. The dielectric constant and dissipation factor decreased with the addition of both NiO and $MnO_2$ The Curie of Curie temperature was not observed but they displayed broadened maxima. The planar coupling factor was improved by addition of NiO and also increased with increasing sintering time carried out at 105$0^{\circ}C$ Addition of $MnO_2$ yielded a markedly high mechanical quality factor. The space-charge field decreased with the addition of NiO but increased with the addition of $MnO_2$ The planar coupling factor and space-charge field showed same dependence on the additivies. The tetragonality Curie temperature and planar coupling factor of $(Pb_{0.936} La_{0.064})$$(Zr_{0.60}Ti_{0.40})O_3$ were higher than those of $(Pb_{0.936} La_{0.064})$$(Zr_{0.568}NU_{0.032}Ti_{0.40})_{0.984}O_3$ but the grain size lattic parameter dielectric constant dissipation factor mechanical quality factor and space-charge field of the former were lower than those of the latter.

• 한국문헌정보학회지
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• 제57권2호
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• pp.97-122
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• 2023

메타리터러시는 정보 리터러시의 재구조화된 결과물이다. 메타리러러시는 포스트모더니즘, 사회적 구성주의, 메타인지의 도입을 통해 정보 리터러시와 구분되었다. 그러나 메타리터러시 연구들이 이 개념적 차이를 반영하고 있는지는 검토되지 않았다. 따라서 이 연구의 목적은 메타리터러시 이론을 연구한 학술논문들에서 이 개념적 차이를 어떻게 반영하고 있는지 연구동향을 관찰하는 것이다. 이 연구는 문헌연구를 실시하고, 메타리터러시 연구 80편을 대상으로 빈도분석 및 지식 네트워크 분석(동시출현·서지결합)을 실시하였다. 결과는 다음과 같다. 동시출현분석 결과, 메타인지(빈도 1위)와 더불어 스킬(연결중심성 1위, 근접중심성 1위, 매개중심성 1위)로 나타났다. 메타리터러시는 스킬 기반의 정보 리터러시를 비판하기 때문에 이 결과는 정보 리터러시와 메타리터러시 개념이 혼재되어 있음을 시사한다. 한편 서지결합분석 결과, 서지결합도가 높은 논문은 정보 리터러시와 메타리터러시의 차이를 메타인지를 통해 설명하고 있다.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• 제48권2호
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• pp.94-102
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• 2013

실리카와 실란을 포함하는 고무복합체의 최적 배합 조건을 찾기 위하여 다양한 온도에서 배합 후 고무복합체의 특성을 평가하였다. 1차 배합 온도를 105, 120, 130, 140, $160^{\circ}C$로 각각 다르게 배합한 결과 고무복합체의 점도는 $105^{\circ}C$에서는 매우 높았고, $120^{\circ}C$부터 $140^{\circ}C$ 영역에서는 유사하나, $160^{\circ}C$에서는 오히려 증가하였다. 기계적 물성과 동적점탄성 특성을 평가한 결과 $120^{\circ}C$보다 낮은 온도에서는 실리카-실란 반응이 충분치 않음을 알 수 있었고, $160^{\circ}C$의 높은 온도에서는 배합 중 실란커플링제 내에 존재하는 유황에 의하여 가교반응이 진행되는 문제가 있음을 알 수 있었다. 그러나 $120^{\circ}C$에서 $140^{\circ}C$영역에서는 온도가 높을수록 반응이 더 빨리 진행되어 알코올의 제거에는 유리하지만 동적점탄성 특성이나 기계적 성질에 대한 경향성이 분명하게 나타나지 않았다.