• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제16권8호
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• pp.1199-1204
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• 2003

The aim of this study was to investigate the role of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3 kinase) and the mitogenactivating protein (MAP) kinase pathway on the differentiation of ovine preadipocytes. In order to investigate this issue, we monitored glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) activity during differentiation with specific inhibitors of PI3 kinase and MAP kinase-Erk kinase, LY294002 and PD098059, respectively. The preadipocytes, which were obtained from ovine subcutaneous adipose tissues, were proliferated to confluence and then differentiated to adipocytes in differentiation medium with each inhibitor for 10 days. The confluent preadipocytes and differentiated adipocytes at days 3, 7 and 10 were harvested for assay of GPDH activity. LY294002 inhibited the differentiation program in dose- and day-dependent manners during 10 days of differentiation. PD098059 did not affect GPDH activity during differentiation. Furthermore, the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ${\gamma}2$ (PPAR-${\gamma}2$), the representative early gene of differentiation, was markedly reduced by LY294002 treatment, although PD098059 did not change it. Our results demonstrated that the activation of PI3 kinase contributes to the differentiation process of ovine preadipocytes.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.414-424
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• 2007

Adenophorae Radix (AR), Liriopis Tuber (LT), Dendrobii Monile (DM), Polygonati Officinalis (PO), Polygonati Rhizoma (PR) have been used to treated a variety condition/diseases in traditional oriental medicine. The present study was conducted to investigate the immunmodulatory effects of the water-extracted AR, LT, DH, PO and PR. In spleen cell proliferation assay, DH was significantly enhanced mitogenic activity compared with control group. In RT-PCR, DH ad PO induced IL-2 and IFNr cytokine gene expression in mouse spleen cells. Methotrexate(MTX), immune supression agent, was significantly inhibited mouse spleen cell proliferation(1600 mg/ml). In spite of MTX treatement, DH and PO sustained the spleen cell proliferation, In the flow cytometry analysis, DH stimulated mouse spleen cells showed an increase in B-cell phenotype (CD45R/B220). The water-extracted DH and PO inhibited NO production and iNOS expression in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cell. DH induced IL-2 and IFNg gene expression in human peripheral mononuclear cells. The GC-MS analysis show that the main component of water-extracted DH was b-Nitroethyl alcohol. The main components of water-extracted PO were Dipirartril-tropico, Methyl sulfoxide and Demsodrox. These data suggest that among these extracts, DH has a protective effcet of immune suppression caused by MTX. DH may be enhance cellular and humoral immune response by the regulation of cytokine gene expression, NO production and B cell production.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.1-11
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• 1995

Alveolar macrophages play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of silicosis since the macrophages may release a wide variety of toxic and inflammatory mediators as well as mitogenic growth factors. In the present study, the effects of in vitro exposure to silica on release of various mediator such as reactive oxygen species, platelet activating factor(PAF), and interleukin-1 (IL-1) by alveolar macrophages were examined. First, hydrogen peroxide release from alveolar macrophages was monitored by measuring the change in fluorescence of scopoletin in the absence or presence of graded concentration of silica. Significantly enhanced release of hydrogen peroxide was observed at 0.5 mg/ml and above. A maximal enhancement of 10 fold above control was observed at 5 mg/ml silica. Similarly, in vitro exposure to silica also significantly stimulated the generation of chemiluminescence from alveolar macrophages at 0.5 mg/ml and above with n maximal enhancement of 8 fold at 5 mg/ml silica. Second, PAF release from alveolar macrophages after 30 min incubation at $37^{\circ}C$ in absence or presence of zymosan and silica was determined by measuring $^{3}H-serotonin$ release ability of the conditioned macrophage supernates from platelets. 5 mg/ml zymosan as a positive control fur the PAF assay increased PAF release by 19 % of total serotonin release. Furthermore, silica also resulted in significant enhancement of the PAF release compared with that in unstimulated (control) cells, i.e., $17.7{\pm}5.8%$ and $24.0{\pm}4.9%$ of total serotonin release at 5 mg/ml and 10 mg/ml silica, respectively, which represents the release of nanomole levels of PAF. Lastly, IL-1 production by alveolar macrophages was analysed following their stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and silica by their capacity to stimulate thymocyte proliferation. $10\;{\mu}g/ml$ LPS resulted in an 11 fold increase in IL-1 production. In comparison, $50\;{\mu}g/ml$ silica resulted in a 4 fold increase in IL-1 release. These data indicate that in vitro exposure of alveolar macrophages to silica activates the release of various bioactive mediators such as reactive oxygen species, PAF and IL-1 which thus contribute to amplification of inflammatory reactions and regulation of fibrotic responses by the lung after inhalation of silica.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.457-463
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• 1994

Insulin-like growth factor-I(IGF-I) plays an important role in the regulation of mammalian and poultry growth. IGF-I has many actions in different tissues, which include metabolic, mitogenic, and differentiative actions. IGF-I induces insulin-like effects - such as increased cell glucose uptake and glycogen sysnthesis, however several physiological actions of IGF-I may not have been identified yet. In order to investigate the effect on growth in broiler chicken treated with exogenous insulin-like growth factor-I, 30 chickens were injected $50{\mu}g$ reconbinant human IGF- I (rhIGF- I ) per kg body weight as experimental group and 30 ckickens saline subcutanously as control, 3 times according to ages from 2 to 35 days. We established radioimmunoassay method by which we can measure chicken IGF- I (cIGF- I ) as in rhIGF- I assay. The results obtained were as follows; 1) The dilution curve showed in parallelism between rhIGF- I and cIGF- I in the Sep-pak $C_{18}$ cartridge plasma extracts. 2) The body weight of broiler chicken were significantly increased at 31 days($1,176.50{\pm}99.79g$) and 35 days($1,252.84{\pm}125.21g$) of age in treatment groups, compared with control group($1,011.88{\pm}40.22g,\;1,111.32{\pm}153.67g$). The liver and kidney weights on 35 days$(35.24{\pm}5.18g,\;11.05{\pm}1.47g)$ were significantly higher in rhIGF- I treated group than control group($30.95{\pm}4.04g,\;10.01{\pm}1.60g$) 3) The plasma concentration of IGF- l and total protein in rhIGF- I treated group were $58.17{\pm}1.69ng/ml$, $3.75{\pm}0.62g/dl$ respectively compared with control group $45.70{\pm}1.64ng/ml$, $2.32{\pm}0.53g/dl$. The results suggest that exogenous rhIGF- I increased total body weight, liver and kidney weights in broiler chicken, and it may increase IGF- I and total protein concentration in serum.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.551-558
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• 2003

C형 간염바이러스는 간암을 야기하는 심각한 바이러스이다. C형 간염바이러스의 core 단백질의 과발현은 섬유아세포를 암화시키는 것으로 알려져 있다. Phospholipase D (PLD)의 효소활성이 세포증식 신호전달에 의해 활성화되어 있으며, 사람의 암조직에서 과발현 및 활성이 증가되어 있는 것으로 알려져 있다. 본 연구의 목적은, core 단백질에 의해 암화된 세포에서 PLD가 어떻게 조절되는지를 이해하고자 하는 것이다. 자극이 없는 상태에서뿐만 아니라 PMA에 의해 유도되는 PLD효소활성은, 암화된 세포에서 더 증가하였으며, control 세포와 core 단백질에 의해 암화된 세포에서 PLD와 PKC 단백질의 발현은 서로 유사하였다. PKC 특이적인 억제제와 PKC의 세포막으로의 이동에 관한 실험을 통해서, PKC-d가 암화된 세포에서 PMA에 의해 유도되는 PLD활성의 증가에 중요하게 관여하고 있음을 밝혔다. 이러한 결과는, PLD가 core 단백질에 의해 유도되는 세포의 암화과정에 관여하고 있을 것으로 추정된다.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.331-338
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• 1999

The purposes of this study were to evaluate the effects of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)s in peritoneal fluid (PF) from patients with and without endometriosis on the proliferation of endometrial stromal cells and to investigate the effects of type I IGF receptor antibody on the response of endometrial stromal cells to PF from patients with endometriosis. IGFs in PF from patients with endometriosis (n=14) and without endometriosis (n=10) were measured by immunoradiometric assay and PF samples were divided into low IGF-I PF group (less than 85 ng/ml) and high IGF-I PF group (more than 85 ng/ml). Endometrial stromal cells from patients without endometriosis were cultured in serum free media in the presence or absence of 1 % PF and thymidine incorporation test were used to evaluate the proliferation of endometrial stromal cells. Also cultures were incubated with type I IGF receptor monoclonal antibody (${\alpha}IR_3$) before adding PF. PF from patients with endometriosis and without endometriosis increased thymidine incorporation in endometrial stromal cells. In patients with endometriosis, high IGF-I PF group had high IGF-II levels and resulted in higher thymidine incorporation than low IGF-I PF group but no significant difference in increase in thymidine incorporation between high IGF-I and low IGF-I PF group was noted in patients without endometriosis. There was not a significant correlation between increase in thymidine incorporation and IGF-I levels in PF from patients without endometriosis but in PF from patients with endometriosis. Preincubation with ${\alpha}IR_3$ significantly inhibited the mitogenic response of endometrial stromal cells to PF. Our data indicate that IGF-I in PF may be involved in the growth of ectopic endometrium in patients with endometriosis.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제39권6호
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• pp.681-687
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• 2007

Probiotics로서의 사용을 위한 우수 젖산균주 선발을 위해 김치 및 발효유 제품으로부터 분리한 젖산균과 공시 젖산균주를 대상으로 내산성, 내담즙성, 장내 점착능, 병원성균 억제능 등의 probiotics 특성과 장관면역활성, mitogenic activity 및 대식세포 활성화 등의 면역활성을 검토하였다. 내산성 실험의 결과, Lactobacillus acidophilus DDS-1, Lb. acidophilus B-3208, Lb. plantarum과 Leuconostoc mesenteroides ssp. mesenteroides ATCC 8293의 경우 생존률이 50% 이상으로 나타났으며, 특히 Lb. acidophilus DDS-1과 Lb. acidophilus B-3208의 경우에는 70% 정도의 높은 생존률을 나타내었다. 또한 젖산균주의 담즙산 내성에서는 Lactococcus lactis ssp. lactis ATCC 7962를 제외한 모든 균주가 3% oxgall이 함유된 MRS배지에서도 성장이 가능한 것으로 관찰되었다. 젖산균주의 장내 점착능 면에서 볼 때, Lb. acidophilus DDS-1, Lb. acidophilus B-3208과 Bifidobacterium bifidum KCTC 3357의 장내 점착능이 실험에 사용된 다른 젖산균주와 비교하여 우수하다고 관찰되었으며, 특히 Lb. acidophilus DDS-1과 B-3208의 장내점착능이 높게 나타났다. 젖산균주의 병원성균 억제능 실험의 결과, Lb. acidophilus DDS-1, Lb. acidophilus B-3208 및 B. bifidum KCTC 3357은 Staphylococcus aureus를 제외한 Escherichia coli O157:H7 ATCC 43895, Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 59414, 그리고 Salmonella enteritidis ATCC 49313에 대해 높은 증식억제능을 나타내었다. 젖산균의 세포질 획분과 세포벽 획분을 대상으로 면역활성 실험을 실시한 결과, 장관면역 활성은 젖산균의 세포질 획분에서 양성 대조군으로 사용한 LPS와 같은 수준의 면역활성을 나타내었고, 특히 Lb. acidophilus속 균주들의 세포벽 획분의 장관 면역활성이 다른 균주보다 높게 나타났다. 한편 젖산균주의 세포질과 세포벽 성분에 대한 비장 림프구의 증식능은 대조군과 비슷한 수준으로 낮게 관찰되었으나, 이들의 대식 세포증식능은 세포벽 및 세포질 모두의 획분에서 대조군보다 높았으며 특히 세포벽 획분의 경우에는 양성대조군인 LPS 보다 높거나 유사한 정도의 높은 활성을 확인할 수 있었다. 이상의 결과로부터 시험 균주 중에서 Lb. acidophilus 균주인 DDS-1과 B-3208이 프로바이오틱스로서 요구되는 조건을 충족시킨다는 것을 알 수 있었으며, 이들 균주의 상업적 이용 가능성을 재차 확인할 수 있었다.

• 정신신체의학
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.46-57
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• 2000

연구목적 : 본 연구는 선택적 세로토닌 재흡수 차단제인 paroxetine과 sertraline의 마우스에 대한 아급성 처치가 강제수영시험에서의 부동자세 시간과 강제수영시험으로 유발된 면역능의 변화에 미치는 영향을 조사하고자 시행되었다. 방법 : 저자들은 실험동물로 각 군마다 5마리 이상의 BALB/c 마우스를 사용하였다. 본 실험동물에서의 적절한 모델을 구축하기 위하여 Porsolt 등의 강제수영시험을 다소 변형하여 각각의 실험 대상군에 적용하였다. 강제수영시험으로 인한 면역 매개변수의 변화를 보기 위하여, 저자들은 anti-rat RBC 항체의 생성, concanavalin 또는 lipopolysaccharide로 유발된 비장세포의 증식과 사이토카인의 유전자 발현 양상을 연구하였다. 결과 : Paroxetine과 sertraline은 모두 투여량에 따라 마우스의 부동자세 시간을 감소시켰다. 강제수영시험을 수행한 마우스는 비세포의 유사분열 반응이 의미 있게 감소되었고, anti-rat RBC 항체는 약간 증가하였다. 이러한 모든 반응은 paroxetine에 의해 의미 있게 감퇴되었고. sertraline에 의해 약간 감퇴되었다. 강제수영시험을 시행한 마우스에서 Con-A로유발된 비세포는 강제수영을 시행하지 않았던 정상대조군보다 IL-4의 강한 발현과 IL-2의 약화된 발현을 보였고, IFN-$\gamma$나 lymphotoxin의 발현은 차이가 없었다. IL-6과 IL-10은 양 군 모두에서 발현되지 않았다. 마우스에서 paroxetine과 sertraline의 전처치는 강제수영으로 인한 사이토카인 발현의 변화를 감퇴시켰다. 그렇지만 선택적 세로토닌 재흡수 차단제가 전처치된 마우스에서는 강제수영군에서 발현되지 않았던 IL-6과 IL-10의 발현이 약간의 변화를 보였다. 결론 : 강제수영시험을 시행한 마우스에서 paroxetine과 sertraline의 전처치는 강제수영시험으로 유발된 행동 및 면역능의 변화를 감퇴시켰다. 이러한 선택적 세로토닌 재흡수 차단제는 사이토카인 유전자 발현 특히 IL-6과 IL-10의 유도를 통하여 면역 체계에 모종의 조절 효과를 발휘하는 것으로 추정되었다.