• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.573-579
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• 2013

Hydrogen engine with homogeneous charged compression ignition can achieve high efficiency by high compression ratio and rapid chemical reaction rates spatially. However, it needs to expansion of the operation range with over-all load conditions which is very narrow due to extremely high pressure rise rate. The adoption of the lean boosting in a HCCI $H_2$ engine is expected to be effective in expansion of operation range since minimum compression ratio for spontaneous ignition is decreased by low temperature combustion and increased surround in-cylinder pressure. In order to grasp its possibility by using lean boosting in the HCCI $H_2$ engine, compression ratio required for spontaneous ignition, expansion degree of the operation range and over-all engine performance are experimentally analyzed with the boosting pressure and supply energy. As the results, it is found that minimum compression ratio for spontaneous ignition is down to the compression ratio(${\varepsilon}$=19) of conventional diesel engine due to decreased self-ignition temperature, and operation range is extended to 170% in term of the equivalence ratio and 12 times in term of the supply energy than that of naturally aspirated type. Though indicated thermal efficiency is decreased by reduced compression ratio, it is over at least 46%.

• 천문학회보
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.58.3-59
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• 2015

Dynamical expansion of H II regions plays a key role in dispersing surrounding gas and therefore in limiting the efficiency of star formation in molecular clouds. We use analytic methods and numerical simulations to explore expansions of spherical dusty H II regions, taking into account the effects of direct radiation pressure, gas pressure, and total gravity of the gas and stars. Simulations show that the structure of the ionized zone closely follows Draine (2011)'s static equilibrium model in which radiation pressure acting on gas and dust grains balances the gas pressure gradient. Strong radiation pressure creates a central cavity and a compressed shell at the ionized boundary. We analytically solve for the temporal evolution of a thin shell, finding a good agreement with the numerical experiments. We estimate the minimum star formation efficiency required for a cloud of given mass and size to be destroyed by an HII region expansion. We find that typical giant molecular clouds in the Milky Way can be destroyed by the gas-pressure driven expansion of an H II region, requiring an efficiency of less than a few percent. On the other hand, more dense cluster-forming clouds in starburst environments can be destroyed by the radiation pressure driven expansion, with an efficiency of more than ~30 percent that increases with the mean surface density, independent of the total (gas+stars) mass. The time scale of the expansion is always smaller than the dynamical time scale of the cloud, suggesting that H II regions are likely to be a dominant feedback process in protoclusters before supernova explosions occurs.

• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산유체공학회 2008년도 춘계학술대회논문집
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• pp.220-223
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• 2008

A test facility to measure the performance of a KM(Kick Motor) is constructed, and prediction of blast wave propagation over the facility is performed to check if the safety of test personnel in MCC(Main Control Center) can be guaranteed even for the most severe explosion. Assuming that the initial explosion energy is contained in a sphere under the pressure of 500, 1000, 1500 psi, respectively, the radius of the sphere is determined for each pressure to set the mass of contained explosion gas to 35 kg. The material properties of explosion gas are set to be the ones of KM propellant combustion gas under normal condition. To reduce the effort and time required for a complex three-dimensional modeling, the flowfield is approximated to axismmetry. Calculations are performed for all three initial pressure conditions, and the analysis of the result is given for 1500 psi which is expected to be the worst case. The maximum pressure is 3.5 psig while the minimum pressure is -1.2 psig on the outer wall of MCC, and the maximum pressure difference between the inner and outer walls of protection wall amounts to 3.0 psi.

• International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.75-85
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• 2021

The broadband noise can be dominant or important for total characteristics for marine propeller noise representing the minimum base of self-noise. Accurate prediction of such noise is crucial for survivability of underwater military vessels. While the FW-H Formulation 1B can be used to predict broadband trailing edge noise, the method required experiment measurements of surface pressure correlations, showing its limitations in generality. Therefore, in this study, the methods are developed to utilize wall pressure spectrum models to overcome those limitations. Chase model is adopted to represent surface pressure along with the developed formulations to reproduce pressure statistics. Newly developed method is validated with the experiments of airfoils at different velocities. Thereafter, with its feasibility and generality, the procedure incorporating computational fluid dynamics is established and performed for a propeller behind submarine hull. The results are compared with the experiments conducted at Large Cavitation Tunnel, thus showing its usability and robustness.

• 한국항공우주학회지
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• 제39권8호
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• pp.744-749
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• 2011

본 논문에서는 핀틀 로켓의 초기 최적 노즐 팽창비를 결정하는 방법에 대해서 제시하였다. 초기 최적 노즐 팽창비는 최대/최소 압력의 추력 계수로부터 계산되는 질량 가중 추력 계수를 최대화시켜 결정하였으며 이는 주어진 임무를 수행함에 있어 소요되는 추진제무게가 최소화되는 조건과 일치한다. 초기 최적 노즐 팽창비 결정에 영향을 주는 인자는 최대 압력, 추력조절비 그리고 총추력비이며 이중에서 총추력비가 가장 큰 영향을 준다.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제26권7호
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• pp.343-350
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• 2014

Regardless of the building design scenarios, evaluation of high-rise buildings required to have smoke-proof enclosures that are provided with a smoke management system. The goal of the smoke management system design is to make sure the pressure differentials at every story within the building fall within the allowable pressure range. If the minimum design pressure is not met, smoke may enter the stair. If the provided pressure is too great, it becomes difficult for occupants to open the doors, while attempting to egress. Ensuring that the pressure differential between the vestibule and the floor is within the prescribed range becomes challenging, due to natural effects on the building, such as the stack effect. In this research, smokeproof enclosure design scenarios were evaluated; and as a result, separation levels for compartmentation were deduced, in the balancing of pressurized-vestibule smoke control systems.

• 한국전산구조공학회논문집
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.145-151
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• 2017

콘크리트 구조물 또는 암석의 해체 공정에서 소음, 진동, 분진 등의 발생을 초래하는 기존의 발파공법을 대신하여 비폭성 파쇄제의 이용을 고려할 수 있다. 본 연구는 유한한 정사각형 콘크리트 구조물을 대상으로 하여 비폭성 파쇄제의 팽창이 준정적으로 균열을 발생, 진전시키는 과정을 유한요소해석으로 예측하고 기존 문헌에 보고된 실험결과와 비교함으로써 해석결과의 정확성을 검증하였다. 또한 비폭성 파쇄제 및 천공 홀의 배치에 따른 영향을 최소요구팽창압 관점에서 분석하였다. 더 나아가서 비폭성 파쇄제가 채워지지 않은 천공 홀이 비폭성 파쇄 공정에 미치는 영향을 분석하고, 분리 조각의 수를 증가시켜 파쇄도를 향상시키기 위한 비폭성 파쇄제 및 천공 홀의 효과적인 배치에 대하여 고찰하였다.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제49권4호
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• pp.845-855
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to develop a self-propelled underground crop harvester and its performance was evaluated by measuring the load during actual potato harvesting operations. This study was conducted at a constant working speed of 1 km·h^-1. A load measurement system was installed to measure the actual load and the required working power was analyzed. A hydraulic pressure sensor was also installed to measure the hydraulic pressure. The required hydraulic power was calculated using the hydraulic pressure and flow rate. The results showed that the engine speed, torque, and power during harvesting operation were in the range of 845 - 1,423 rpm, 95 - 228 Nm, and 9 - 31 kW, respectively. Traction power, excluding the hydraulic pump of the tractor and power take-off (PTO) output, was in the range of 9 - 28 kW, and it was confirmed that it occupies a ratio of 16.2 to 50% of the engine rated output. The engine can supply the minimum required traction power to move the vehicle. This means that the engine used in this study could be down-sized to be suitable for an underground crop harvester. In this study, the gear stages of the tractor were not considered. This research thus shows the possibility of developing a self-propelled underground crop harvester.

• 화약ㆍ발파
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.79-84
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• 2004

일반적으로 유중수형 에멀젼폭약은 제조공정이나 사용조건에서 안전하다고 알려져 있다. 그러나 1975년 캐나다에서 벌크 에멀젼폭약을 펌프로 이송 중에 발생한 폭발사고와 같이 원치 않는 사고가 발생할 가능성이 있다. 에멀젼폭약은 어떠한 조건하에서 착화하는 경우 연소에서 폭굉으로 전이(Deflagration-to-Detonation Transition, 약칭 DDT)하는 현상이 발생하며 또한 연소가 온도에 따라 지속되는 최소 압력(Minimum Burning Pressure, 약칭 MBP)이 존재하며 최소 압력이하로 유지할 경우 착화되어도 바로 연소가 중단되는 것으로 알려져 있다. 본 연구는 에멀젼폭약 제조공정의 안전성 평가를 목적으로 다양한 에멀젼폭약을 제조, 밀폐용기 내에서 최소연소압력(MBP) 측정 시험을 실시하였다. 본 실험에서 수분함량 6%에서 20%, 알루미늄 함량 1%에서 11%까지 함유한 시료를 각각 제조하여 밀폐용기 내에서 열원의 온도별로 실시하였다. 실험결과 수분함량 6% 시료의 최소연소압력(MBP)이 가장 낮은 3 bar를 나타냈으며 수분함량 18%이상에서는 100bar이상에서도 연소가 지속되지 않았다. 알루미늄 함량에 따라서는 큰 변화는 보이지 않았으나 알루미늄을 함유하지 않는 것에 비해 최소연소압력(MBP)가 비교적 높게 나타났다. 따라서 향후 에멀젼폭약 제조공정의 안전성 향상을 위하여 제조하는 에멀젼폭약의 최소연소압력(MBP)를 측정, 공정압력조건을 MBP 이하로 관리할 때 안전을 보증할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2004년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.1022-1027
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• 2004

In this study, the shape of plate-fin type heat sink is numerically optimized to acquire the minimum pressure drop under the required temperature rise. To do this, a new sequential approximate optimization (SAO) is proposed and it is integrated with the computational fluid dynamics (CFD). In thermal/fluid systems for constrained nonlinear optimization problems, three fundamental difficulties such as high cost for function evaluations (i.e., pressure drop and thermal resistance), the absence of design sensitivity information, and the occurrence of numerical noise are confronted. To overcome these problems, the progressive quadratic response surface method (PQRSM), which is one of the sequential approximate optimization algorithms, is proposed and the heat sink is optimize by means of the PQRSM.