• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.292-297
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• 2018

Background: Gelada baboon is one of the endemic mammals of Ethiopia residing in different highlands. The population structure and habitat use of gelada baboon in Wof-Washa particularly Gosh Meda area was investigated from September 2016 to August 2017. Total counting method was used to collect data on the population status by dividing the study area in to four blocks, namely, Kundi, Arbgebeya, Goshber, and Goshmeda. Data were analyzed using SPSS software. The age-sex category and the numbers of geladas found within the different blocks were analyzed using one-way ANOVA, and paired t test was also used to analyze the pair wise comparison of the different age and sex categories during both dry and wet seasons. Results: A total of 435 and 471 gelada baboons were counted during the wet and dry seasons, respectively. The maximum group size consisted of 178 individuals whereas the minimum group size contained 53 individuals. Out of the total population adult females accounted for 54.7% in the wet and 54.56% in the dry seasons. There was a significant difference among the age-sex categories in both the wet ($F_{2432}=630$, P < 0.05) and dry ($F_{2468}=696.6$, P < 0.05) seasons. The male to female ratio was 1:5.7 during wet season and 1:5.8 during dry season. So that the population will have a better chance to increase in the study area. Conclusion: Wof-Washa Forest could be a good site for eco-tourism activities due to the presence of endemic animals and its scenic beauty. However, the quality of the habitat is decreasing due to livestock grazing, agricultural expansion, and invasion of exotic plants species. Therefore, appropriate conservation measures should be implemented to conserve gelada baboon in particular and other wildlife resources in general.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.65-72
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• 2004

A melamine-urea-formaldehyde (MUF) resin, based on 5 percent melamine addition of the resin solids weight, was synthesized in the laboratory for particleboard (PB) manufacture. Laboratory PBs were made with the MUF resin at three press times (3, 4, 5 min) and two resin application rates (6, 8 percent). Enclosed caul system was used for collecting the exhaust gases materials generated during the hot-pressing of PBs. Exhaust gases materials generated inside the enclosed caul during the hot-pressing of PBs were collected in a controlled air stream. Formaldehyde from the exhaust gases collected was determined per a chromotropic method of the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health Method 3500. The measurement results showed that formaldehyde emissions during the hot-pressing of PB significantly increased with increasing press time, and MUF resin application rates. PB' performance test results showed that internal bond (IB) of PB made with 3-minute press time exceeded the minimum requirement for KS F 3104 PB type 8.0.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.68-78
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• 2021

A subminiature catadioptric omnidirectional optical system (SCOOS) with 2 mirrors, 6 plastic aspherical lenses, and an illumination system of 6 light emitting diodes, to observe the 360° panoramic image of the inner intestine, is optically designed and evaluated for a capsule endoscope. The total length, overall length, half field of view (HFOV), and F-number of the SCOOS are 14.3 mm, 8.93 mm, 51°~120°, and 3.5, respectively. The optical system has a complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor sensor with 0.1 megapixels, and an illumination system of 6 light-emitting diodes (LEDs) with 0.25 lm to illuminate on the 360° side view of the intestine along the optical axis. As a result, the spatial frequency at the modulation transfer function (MTF) of 0.3, the depth of focus, and the cumulative probability of tolerance at the Nyquist frequency of 44 lp/mm and MTF of 0.3 of the optimized optical system are obtained as 130 lp/mm, -0.097 mm to +0.076 mm, and 90.5%, respectively. Additionally, the simulated illuminance of the LED illumination system at the inner surface of the intestine within HFOV, at a distance of 15.0 mm from the optical axis, is from a minimum of 315 lx to a maximum of 725 lx, which is a sufficient illumination and visibility.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.8-15
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• 2007

The morphology of gonad and reproductive cycle of ribbed gunnel (Dictyosoma burgeri) were investigated on the basis of histological observation. The specimens were monthly sampled in the coastal waters of Jeju from November 2001 to February 2003. The ovaries and testis of this species are categorized as cystovarian and lobule type, respectively. The gonadosomatic index (GSI) of female increased in November and maintained high values from December to February. The GSI of male was similar to that of female although it was decreased in February. The reproductive cycle can be grouped into the following successive stage in the ovary: growth (October to November), mature (November to February), spawning (January to February), and degenerating and recovery (March to September). And in the testis, the stage observed were: multiplication (August to November), growth (November to January), mature and spawning (November to February), and degenerating and recovery (January to September). The minimum maturation size of D. burgeri was over 15.0 cm and fecundity ranged from 2,194 to 6,581 eggs. The relationship between the fecundity and fish body was calculated in the fecundity (F) equation as: $F=0.4057TL^{3.1425}$ ($R^2=0.7621$) for total length (TL); $F=149.88BW^{0.9579}$ ($R^2=0.7982$) for body weight (BW), respectively. The fecundity was correlated positively with TL and BW. The histological observations of the gonads suggested that major spawning of this species probably occurs between January to February, when low water temperature ($13{\pm}0.3^{\circ}C$) period.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.414-421
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• 1999

Helicobacter pylori were found to be resistant to azide but sensitive to vanadate, suggesting that defect in the P-type ATPase activity rather than F-type ATPase would be lethal to cell survival or growth. To elucidate the relationship between this enzyme inhibition and H. pylori death, we determined the effect of omeprazole (OMP) plus vanadate on enzyme activity and cell growth. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC; ca. 0.8$\mu$mol/disk) of vanadate for H. pylori growth was lowered over l0-fold with the aid of OMP, whereby its inhibitory potential toward the P-type ATPase activity was diametrically increased. Alternatively, we found that this enzyme activity was essential for active transport in H. pylori. From these observations, we strongly suggest that the immediate cause of the growth inhibition of H. pylori cells with OMP and/or vanadate might be defective in the cell's active transport due to the lack of P-type ATPase activity. From the spectral data with circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy, we found that activated OMP (OAS) at concentration below MIC did not disrupt helical structures of membrane proteins. Separately, we determined the cytopathic effect of OAS by SDS-PAGE, indicating the change in the production of cytoplasmic protein but not cell membrane.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2002.05a
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• pp.493-498
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• 2002

An experimental investigation was conducted to study the behavior of high-strength RC wide beam-column joints with slab subjected to reversed cyclic loads under constant axial load. Six half scale interior wide beam-column assemblies representing a portion of a frame subjected to simulated seismic loading were tested, including three specimens without slab and three specimens with slab. The primary variables were compressive strength of concrete( $f_{ck}$ =240, 500kgf/c $m^2$), the ratio of the column-to-beam flexural capacity( $M_{r}$=2$\Sigma$ $M_{c}$$\Sigma$ $M_{b}$ ; 0.77-2.26), extended length of the column concrete($\ell$$_{d}$ ; 0, 9.6, 30cm), ratio of the column-to-beam width(b/H ; 1.54, 1.67). Test results are shown that (1) the behavior of specimen using high-strength concrete satisfied the required minimum ductile capacity according to increase the compressive strength, (2). In the design of the wide beam-column joints, one should be consider the effects of slab stiffness which is ignored in the current design code and practice.ice.e.e.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Industry Convergence
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.31-36
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• 2005

The purpose of this experimental study is to gain equations for the prediction of surface roughness depending on the three major parameters(the cutting speed, the feed rate and the nose radius). It is the merit of Response Surface Methodology that the test time is reduced to minimum size and accurate analysis can be done. On this study, first, made specimen, Al 5052 BE material which is widely used in school and cut the specimen with coated tungsten carbide tools, by varying the cutting conditions, such as the cutting speed, the feed rate and the nose radius. In conclusion, the surface roughness was most greatly influenced by the feed rate. And Surface Roughness equation gained by experiment is as followed $$R=58.2\;v^{-0.22}f^{1.7}r^{-0.66}$$.

• Journal of the Semiconductor & Display Technology
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.33-38
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• 2009

We have investigated the effect of the ambient gases on the characteristics of AZO thin films for the OLED (organic light emitting diodes) devices. These AZO thin films are deposited by rf-magnetron sputtering under different ambient gases (Ar, Ar+$O_2$, and Ar+$H_2$) at 300. In order to investigate the influences of the oxygen and hydrogen, the flow rate of oxygen and hydrogen in argon mixing gas has been changed from 0.2sccm to 1sccm and from 0.5sccm to 5sccm, respectively. The AZO thin films were preferred oriented to (002) direction regardless of ambient gases. The electrical resistivity of AZO film increased with increasing flow rate of $O_2$ under Ar+$O_2$ while under Ar+$H_2$ atmosphere the electrical resistivity showed minimum value near 1sccm of $H_2$. All the films showed the average transmittance over 80% in the visible range. The OLED device was fabricated with different AZO substrates made by configuration of AZO/$\acute{a}$-NPD/DPVB/$Alq_3$/LiF/Al to elucidate the performance of AZO substrate.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.28.2-28.2
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• 2011

To search for and study the nature of the long-periodic variations of massive stars, we have been carrying out a precise radial velocity (RV) survey for supergiants. Here, we present high-resolution RV measurements of ${\alpha}$ Per which lies near the Cepheid instability strip from November 2005 to February 2011 using the fiber-fed Bohyunsan Observatory Echelle Spectrograph (BOES) at Bohyunsan Optical Astronomy Observatory (BOAO). The orbital solution yields a period of 129 days, a 2K amplitude of 80 m/s, and an eccentricity of 0.1. Assuming a possible stellar mass of 7.3 $M{\bigodot}$, we estimate the minimum mass for the planetary companion to be 7.5 MJup with the orbital semi-major axis of 0.97 AU. We do not find the correlation between RV variations and chromospheric activity indicator (Ca II H & K region). The Hipparcos photometry and bisector velocity span (BVS) do not show any obvious correlations with RV variations. These analyses suggest that ${\alpha}$ Per is a pulsating supergiant that hosts an exoplanet. If the 129 days variations of ${\alpha}$ Per do not come from an exoplanet but Cepheid-like pulsations, the theoretical boundary of the Cepheid instability strip may need to be extended to the bluer side.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.168-178
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• 2010

Objective : The aim of this study was to determine the antimicrobical effect of horseradish root extracts against Enterococcus faecalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum isolated from oral cavity compared with reference strain, and compared with that of chlorhexidine. Method : Horseradish root extracts and chlorhexidine were sequentially diluted and tested against anaerobes(E. faecalis, F. nucleatum) isolated from children's oral cavity. The microbes were anaerobically incubated and the minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration(MBC) were detected. Results :1. Horseradish root extracts showed antimicrobial effect against E. faecalis isolated strain at same or slightly higher concentration compared with MIC of reference strain. 2. $625.0\sim1,250.0{\mu}g/ml$ horseradish root extracts showed similar antimicrobial effect with chlorhexidine($7.8\sim15.6{\mu}g/ml$). 3. Horseradish root extracts showed antimicrobial effect against F. nucleatum isolated strain at same or slightly higher concentration compared with MIC of reference strain. 4. $78.1\sim312.5{\mu}g/ml$ horseradish root extracts showed similar antimicrobial effect with chlorhexidine($7.8\sim15.6{\mu}g/ml$). Conclusions : The results of this study confirm that horseradish root extracts has antimicrobial effect against anaerobes isolated from oral cavity as well as reference strain. And we found the potential of horseradish root extracts as a canal irrigant or disinfectant.