• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.153-158
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• 2012

Purpose: The first web space of the foot has a similar thickness and skin texture of the pulp of the fingers. Moreover, it has a reliable blood vessel and sensory nerve. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical results of the first web space free flap to reconstruct the pulp of fingers. Materials and Methods: Authors have performed 23 cases of first web space free flap to reconstruct the pulp defect of the fingers between June 2004 and May 2009. The age of the patients ranged from 20 years old to 55 years old. The size of the flap ranged from $1{\times}1.5cm$ to $8.5{\times}2.5cm$. The mean flap area was 5.4 cm2. In 4 cases, we elevated the flap including lateral aspect of the big toe and medial aspect of the second toe. And then we made an artificial syndactyly to reconstruct the pulps on two fingers at the same time. In all cases, we performed 1 digital artery and 1 dorsal vein anastomosis. Every donor site that had a small defect healed spontaneously without any additional operations to cover it. Results: Of this type of surgery 21 flaps (91.3%) survived, 2 flaps (8.7%) failed. There was no severe complication in the donor sites. There was no walking disturbance due to the skin defect of the donor site. The static 2 point discrimination in 11 cases that we could check ranged from 3 mm to 15 mm. Conclusion: The authors believe that the first web space free flap of the foot is a good option for the reconstruction of the pulp of the fingers and it has a minimal donor site morbidity.

• 복식
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• 제67권3호
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• pp.133-148
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• 2017

The purpose of this paper is to develop waist coat designs that can be worn in the present day by researching design techniques and traditional waist coat forms shown on Korean patchworks called 'Jokakbo', which was commonly used in our traditional culture. By selecting patchwork as the primary motive in particular. The Bojaki, also known as deungguhli or baeguhli(背巨里), gives off a natural and vibrant color sensation. A new design that could be practically worn with modern clothing was developed by sufficiently reflecting this color sensation as well as the aesthetic quality of its geometric shape. On the basis of theoretical consideration of traditional cloth and vest, total of 7 points were designed and produced. These works contain diverse application of the traditional Bojaki and vest. The design of the Bojaki grants rhythmic sense to the side where diverse colors and formative patterns shown on the cloth can be seen as monotonous. The entire side opening of the traditional waistcoat can cover multiple sizes. Depending on the movement, the front and back naturally spreads. The vest can also be worn in layers or used as a cotton quilt depending on the season. And after minimal design alterations, it will be possible to wear the vest with diverse modern clothing due to its straight line and form.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.43-51
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• 2005

Due to rapid and reckless economic development, natural resources of the national land have been damaged and polluted. Accordingly, the necessity for environment-friendly development has been on the rise and many have made efforts to assess the environmental value of the national land. This study divides the conservation areas by means of using relative elevation, slope, and development of housing land based on environmental evaluation of the national land. The relative elevation is obtained by the difference of altitude at the edge of the forest patch extracted from the land cover classification map based on the ridgeline, and the slope is obtained by environment-oriented land suitability analysis. The development of housing land is classified in accordance with the progress of each project. Twenty-six evaluation criteria are divided into five different grades using the minimal indicator approach and then sub-divided into ten grades by means of using the following two scenarios. The first one uses the weight of input materials while the second one relies on the size of patches that are emphasized in landscape ecology. Consequently, such a study demonstrated the following results. The method relying on the weight of input materials revealed the limitation of emphasizing input materials excessively, whereas the method of considering the size of patches resulted in the division of conservation areas that embody regional characteristics. This study is meaningful in that it classifies the conservation areas by reflecting the regional characteristics and the ecological values of animals and plants.

• 공업화학
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.144-147
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• 2013

Sweating은 오일 중에 수종의 안료를 분산시키고 이들을 왁스로 고화시킨 계의 표면에 출현하는 특이한 현상으로 립스틱이나 커버메이크업 같은 고형 제품에 흔히 나타나며 원인은 불균형한 처방에 기인한다. 그동안 화장품 분야에서 Sweating 현상을 개선하기 위하여 많은 연구가 진행되어 왔다. DSC는 주로 일정 조건 하에서 온도에 따른 시료의 열적 특성의 변화를 측정하는 분석 방법으로 이 변화를 온도 또는 시간의 함수로 기록하는 기기를 말한다. 오일/왁스구조의 열적 특성(thermal property)을 파악하기 위하여 DSC를 이용하였으며, 이러한 열적 특성과 Sweating 현상이 어떠한 상관관계가 있는지 파악하였다. 오일/왁스 제형 중 온도 변화에 따른 구조 변화가 적은 열적 특성을 나타내고 사용감과 제형 안정성을 갖는 최적융점의 오일/왁스 제형을 연구하였다. 또한, 다양한 온도 범위에서 오일/왁스 제형의 Sweating 현상을 관찰하였으며 그 결과 온도 변화에 따른 구조 변화가 적은 오일/왁스 제형이 Sweating 현상도 최소화하는 조합임을 관찰하였다.

• 대한교통학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.137-147
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• 1999

지금까지 시내버스 노선계획에 관한 대다수의 연구는 개별노선에 대한 지엽적인 분석을 바탕으로 하고 있으나 본 연구에서는 각 노선의 개별적 고려가 아닌 네트워크 차원의 최적화를 위한 노선계획 방법론을 제시하였다. 본 연구에서 제시하는 방법론은 계획가적 관점에서 버스이용자를 포함한 모든 통행자는 최단경로로 통행하기를 희망한다는 기본 전제하에 각 기종점의 최단경로로 구성된 대안 노선망을 도출하고 matrix 형태의 집합개념을 도입한 Set Covering 이론을 적용하여 노선공급수준을 축소하였다. 또한 노선축소과정에서 지금까지 부수적 통행요소로 인식되어온 환승을 활용하여 통행수요를 만족하는 최소규모의 노선망을 도출하였다. 본 연구는 고정수요를 가정하는 기존 연구와 달리 통행자 행태를 반영한 최적 노선망을 도출하기 위하여 시내버스 노선망 대안에 대한 가변수요를 구현하였다. 따라서 본 연구를 통하여 자가용이용자와 버스이용자로 구성된 전체 네트워크의 통행비용을 최소화하며 서비스 제공규모를 최소화하는 최적 시내버스 노선망을 도출하였다. 연구결과 기존연구와 비교하여 서비스 공급수준을 축소할 뿐 아니라 통행자의 행태를 고려한 해를 도출함으로써 현실성을 제고하였다.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.46-52
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• 1993

Soft-tissue deficits over the plantar forefoot, plantar heel, Achilles tendon, and distal parts of lower leg are often troublesome to cover with a simple graft or local flap due to limited mobility of surrounding skin and poor circulation in these area. Soft-tissue reconstruction in these regions should provide tissue components similar to the original lost tissue, supply durability and minimal protective pressure sensation and result in a donor site that is well tolerated and treated. We analysed 7 cases that were treated with the Instep flap due to soft-tissue defects over these regions from July of 1990 to July of 1993. All flaps were viable and successful at follow-up. 1. The age ranged from 9 years to 60 years, and 6 cases were male and 1 case female. 2. The sites of soft-tissue loss were the plantar forefoot(1 case), plantar heel(3 cases), Achilles tendon(2 cases), and distal parts of lower leg(1 case). 3. The causes of soft-tissue loss were simple soft-tissue crushing injury(1 case), crushing injury of the 1st toe(1 case) and posttraumatic infection and necrosis(5 cases). 4. The associated injury were open distal tibio-fibula, fracture(2 cases), medial malleolar fracture of the ankle(1 case), Achilles tendon rupture(2 case) and 1st metatarso-phalangeal disarticulation(1 case). 5. The size of flap was from $3{\times}4cm$ to $5{\times}10cm$(average $4{\times}5.6cm)$. 6. In 7 cases, we were not to find post-operative necrosis and infection, non-viability, limitation of ankle joint, and gait disturbance caused by the Instep flap surgery. 7. This study demonstrates that the Instep flap should be considered as another valuable technique in reconstruction of these regions.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.229-237
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• 2017

Rye (Secale cereale L.) serves as an alternative host of Pyrenophora tritici-repentis (PTR) the cause of tan spot on wheat. Rye is cultivated as a forage or cover crop and overlaps with a significant portion of wheat acreage in the U.S. northern Great Plains; however, it is not known whether the rye crop influences the evolution of PTR races. We evaluated a global collection of 211 rye accessions against tan spot and assessed the diversity in PTR population on rye in South Dakota. All the rye genotypes were inoculated with PTR races 1 and 5, and infiltrated with Ptr ToxA and Ptr ToxB, at seedling stage. We observed 21% of the genotypes exhibited susceptibility to race 1, whereas, 39% were susceptible to race 5. All 211 accessions were insensitive to both the Ptr toxins. It indicates that though rye exhibits diversity in reaction to tan spot, it lacks Ptr ToxA and ToxB sensitivity genes. This suggests that unknown toxins or other factors can lead to PTR establishment in rye. We characterized the race structure of 103 PTR isolates recovered from rye in South Dakota. Only 22% of the isolates amplified Ptr ToxA gene and were identified as race 1 based on their phenotypic reaction on the differential set. The remaining 80 isolates were noted to be race 4. Our results show that races 1 and 4 are prevalent on rye in South Dakota with a higher frequency of race 4, suggesting a minimal role of rye in the disease epidemiology.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.450-454
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• 2008

Purpose: From May 2000 to January 2008, We experienced the 10 cases of the thenar free flap for the coverage of the large volar soft tissue defect in the finger. Methods: The pedicles of the flap were the superficial palmar artery of radial artery and subcutaneous vein, and we anastomosed them to the digital artery and subcutaneous vein of the finger. Results: The average size of the flaps was $12cm^2$ and it was large enough to cover the entire color soft tissue defect of a phalanx or the defect of the neighbored phalanges. All of donor wounds were closed primarily. Conclusion: The color and skin texture of the flap was matched with the volar skin of the finger functionally and cosmetically and the debulking of the flap was not necessary. Other advantages were constant anatomic pedicle of the flap, minimal donor site morbidity, one operation field. We consider that the thenar free flap is another reliable and useful method for the reconstructing of the large volar defect of the finger especially at the situation of emergency.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제53권4호
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• pp.425-440
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• 2020

The study area is located in the southern part of the M'aider Paleozoic basin in the Moroccan Eastern Anti-Atlas. It is an arid region, characterized by minimal vegetation cover, which can provide an ideal environment to apply remote sensing. In this study, remote sensing and field investigations were integrated for lithological and structural lineaments mapping. The Landsat 8 OLI data were processed in order to understand the role of lithology and geological structures in the distribution of mineral deposits in the study area. To achieve this purpose, the Color Composite (CC), the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Band Rationing transformation (BR) tests were performed. The results of remote sensing techniques coupled with field investigations have shown that the zones of high lineaments densities are highly correlated with the occurrences of barite mineralization. These findings depict a spatial relationship between structural lineaments and the mineralization distribution zones. Therefore, the barite and Iron oxides mineralization veins, which occur mainly in the Ras Kammouna district, seem to have a structural control. The methodological approach used in this study examining lithological mapping and lineament extractions can be used to explore mineral deposits in arid regions to a high degree of efficiency.

• 디자인학연구
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.251-260
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• 2003

근무환경을 개선함으로써 업무효율이 높아지는 것이 자명한 상황에서 사무환경의 중요한 요소인 공간구획용 패널의 연구 개발은 필수적이다. 단순히 물리적 환경만이 아니라 심리적, 생리적, 경제적 환경까지 고려할 때 조립형 벽체 패널의 요구 조건으로는 차음/흡음 성능, 통신설비 설치 용이성 등을 포함한 기능적 요소, 최초 설치비용, 재활용성, 설치 용이성 등의 경제적 요소, 최종 마감 재질 및 형태 둥을 통한 시지각적 만족도를 위한 심미적 요소, 구조적 안정성, 건강성 등을 포함하는 안전 요소 등이 포함된다. 제품 개발을 통한 분석 결과, 재활용성을 높이고 현장작업의 축소 및 제품완성도를 높이기 위해 프레임식 구조의 장점을 살린 패널식 구조의 연구가 요구된다. 공장에서 많은 공정이 이루어질 수 있는 패널식 부재는 제품의 완성도를 높일 수 있는 장점이 있으나 시공현장에서의 융통성이 떨어질 수 있다. 따라서 현장 조건의 완성도가 낮아 발생하는 문제를 보완할 수 있는 디테일의 개발이 요구된다. 더불어 환경적 쾌적성에 영향을 주는 차음 및 흠음 성능, 안전과 건강을 고려한 디자인 및 재료에 대한 지속적 연구가 요구된다.