• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
• /
• v.14 no.2
• /
• pp.69-75
• /
• 1994

This experiment was canied out to study the effect of cutting frequencies (3, 4 and 5 cuts per year) and mineral nitrogen fertilization on dry matter yields, in order to estimate optimum level of fertilizing mineral nitrogen in orchardgrass(Dacry1is glomerafa L.). The results are as follows: 1. Dry matter yields were the highest in the 1st cut at 3 cutting frequency and in the 2nd cut at 4 and 5 cutting frequencies, and they shared 49.7, 37.0 and 37.0% of annual dry matter yield respectively. 2. When only phosphorus and potassium were applied, annual dry matter yields were between 9.4 and 11.5 tons per ha and the highest yield was observed at 3 cutting frequency. 3. Dry matter yield in relation to fertilization of mineral nitrogen was highly increased when more nitrogen was applied as 360 kg per ha compared to 240 kg per ha at 3 cutting frequency. At 4 and 5 cutting frequencies, increases in dry matter yield, to large extent, were showed at 120 and 150 kg of nitrogen per ha(30 kg Nlcutlha) compared to no application of nitrogen. The efficiencies of mineral nitrogen fertilization (kg DM/kg N) were 28.0, 22.7 and 20.6 kg dry matter yields per nitrogen(kg) respectively). 4. At 4 and 5 cutting frequencies, dry matter yields were reduced when 360 kg and 300 kg of mineral nitrogen per ha(90 kg and 60 kg Nlcutlha) were applied respectively. 5. Particularly at 4 and 5 cutting frequencies of this study, maximum marginal yields reached at 129.9 kg and 148.0 kg of fertilizing mineral nitrogen per ha, and economical borden of mineral nitrogen fertilization were between 222.4 and 250.0 kg and between 244.8 and 276.8 kg respectively. At the same cutting frequencies, the highest dry matter yields were obtained at 365.4 and 433.8 kg of fertilizing mineral nitrogen respectively.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
• /
• v.27 no.1
• /
• pp.94-105
• /
• 2015

Purpose: This study was aimed to investigate the effects of the nutritional intervention program including DASH diet education and calcium/vitamin D supplements in Korean elderly women. Methods: This was a quasi-experimental study employing non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest design. The experimental group (n=26) was given DASH diet education and supplements (calcium 1200mg and vitamin 800 IU) while the control group (n=16) was given only general health consults. After the interventions, differences were analyzed in nutrient intake, bone turnover markers and bone mineral density between the two groups. Results: After one year, bone mineral density was found reduced in both groups, but showed higher levels (p=.003) in the experimental group than the control group. After research, nutrient intakes of participants improved generally, yet there was no significant difference between the two groups. The experimental group was divided into subgroups after interventions according to the level of calcium intake, and bone density and bone markers were compared between the subgroups. In a subgroup whose calcium intake was in the normal range, bone mineral density was significantly high (p=.002) while CTx and osteocalcin were significantly low (p=.003, p=.006, respectively). Conclusion: This study is significant in that it provided a nutritional intervention program for one year to elderly women who are susceptible to osteoporosis and severely low in dietary calcium intake and it proved to be effective.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
• /
• v.9 no.1
• /
• pp.66-72
• /
• 2004

There is some evidence that phytostrogen plays an important role in bone metabolism in postmenopausal women. In this study, we investigated the phytoestrogen intake levels and the relation between dietary phytoestrogens intake and bone mineral density of vegetarian (n = 77) and omnivore postmenopausal women (n = 122 . Vegetarian women, all of them were seven day adventists, who had been on vegetarian diet (almost lacto-ovo vegetarians;a few vegans) oyer 20 yrs. The average age of vegetarians and omnivores were 62.3 yrs and 60.2 yrs, respectively and, there was no significant difference. However, body weight (p < 0.001), body mass index (p < 0.001) of vegetarians were significantly lower than those of omnivores. The mean daily energy intake of vegetarians and omnivores were 1386.1 kcal (76.3% of RDA) and 1424.5 kcal (76.9% of RDA), respectively. The mean calcium intake of vegetarians (456.7 mg, 66.3 % of RDA) was not significantly different from that of omnivores (453.5 mg, 65.2 % of RDA). The mean daily isoflavones (daidzein +genistein) intake of vegetarians and omnivore were 33.9 mg and 23.9 mg, respectively. The vegetarians consumed significantly greater quantities of isoflavones (p < 0.05) and lignans precursor (p < 0.05). In the vegetarians, intake of isoflavones was significantly positively correlated with BMD of femoral neck, after adjusted for age and BMI. Also lignan precursor intake of vegetarians was significantly positively correlated with BMD of spine, after adjusted for age and BMI. In conclusion, in omnivore post menopausal women, intake of phytoestrogen such as isoflavones and lignans was little low, and it is not clear that positive association with bone mineral density. But in vegetarian postmenopausal women, phytoestrogen intakes be important factors related to bone mineral density.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
• /
• v.9 no.5
• /
• pp.214-223
• /
• 2009

In this study we investigated the impact of exercise program through the grip strength, the balance and the bone mineral density of elderly women in rural community. A total of number 56 elderly women were divided into two groups, the experimental group(n=33) and the control group(n=23). The experimental group participated exercise program during 13 weeks from 3 Oct to 29 Decem in 2005, twice a week 60 minutes per session. Among the experimental group, 33 people who participated over 20 times exercise program were chosen as the subjects of analysis. The results of this study were as follows: The grip strength was significantly increased in the experimental group compared with the control group(p<0.05). The Timed up and go test and Bone Mineral Density were significantly increased in the experimental group compared with the control group(p<0.01). In conclusion, there has been a substantial improvement in 13 weeks by exercise program is recommended to elderly women in aspect of increasing the grip strength, the balance and the bone mineral density.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
• /
• v.1 no.1
• /
• pp.70-73
• /
• 2007

This study was conducted to determine the nutritional characteristics of horsemeat and bone meal in comparison with those of beef and pork presented by Dietary Reference Intakes For Koreans. Longissimus muscle and large metacarpal bone samples were collected from 20 fattened Jeju horses. Muscle samples were subjected to proximate analysis, assays for fatty acid profile and minerals, and bone samples to mineral assays. Horsemeal had similar levels of protein (21.1 vs 21.0 or 21.1%) and lower levels of fat (6.0 vs 14.1 or 16.1%) compared with beef or pork, respectively. Horsemeat had much higher levels of palmitoleic (8.2 vs 4.4 or 3.3%) and $\alpha-linolenic$ (1.4 vs 0.1 or 0.6%) acids than beef or pork, respectively. Linoleic acid was much higher in horsemeat (11.1%) and pork (10.1%) than in beef (1.6%). PUFA:SFA and n-6:n-3 ratios in horsemeat were 0.29 and 10.2, respectively. There were no big differences in mineral contents between horsemeat, beef and pork. For daily recommended mineral intakes of male adults (Dietary Reference Intakes For Koreans), phosphorus, sodium, potassium, iron, zinc and copper can be provided up to 24, 2.5, 6.7, 21, 26 and 40%, respectively, by 100 g raw horsemeat, but calcium and manganese levels are negligible. Horse cannon bone had much higher mineral contents especially in calcium (10,193 mg/100 g), phosphorus (5,874 mg/100 g) and copper (0.79 mg/100 g). Thiamin, riboflavin, niacin and retinol contents were 0.20, 0.21, 1.65 mg/100 g and $30{\mu}g/100g$, respectively. But ascorbic acid and beta-carotene were not detected. Our data demonstrated that higher levels of palmitoleic and $\alpha-linolenic$ acid in horsemeat than in beef and pork may be beneficial for human health. Horsemeat and bone meal are a good source of some minerals and vitamins.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
• /
• v.14 no.2
• /
• pp.55-76
• /
• 1981

Southwestern contact zone of the Boeun granodiorite occurs near the thrust fault between the Ogcheon Group and Majeonri Limestone Formation. Ogcheon Group, metasediments composed of the Munjuri Formation, Changri Formation, and unconformably overlying Hwanggangri Formation, belongs to greenschist facies of regional metamorphism accompanied with deformation of two fold axes, $N10^{\circ}E$ and $N45-65^{\circ}E$ directions. Basic metamorphic rocks occurring in the Changri and Limestone Formations are the meta-basalts and meta-diabases of tholeiitic basalt series. The meta-basalts intruded in the Changri Formation as sills, whereas the meta-diabases in the Changri and Limestone Formations as stocks in appearance. They are considered to have emplaced before the formation of two fold axes and related with the thrust fault, based on the geologic setting of the area. The metamorphic facies are identified to be greenschist facies to epidote-amphibolite facies for the meta-basalt, and epidote-amphibolite facies for the meta-diabases. It is interpreted that such a variety of facies was related from the combination of earlier deuteric alteration and later regional metamorphism. The metasediments in southwestern contact zont of the Boeun granodiorite which is a product of later syntectonic intrusion of middle Jurassic in age, show pyroxene-hornfels facies near the contact and amphibole-horenfels facies away from the contact to the mineral zoning in the contact metamorphic aureole of the Limestone Formation, based on the paragenetic analysis of mineral assemblages. The Limestone in the area appears to be considerably $SiO_2-CaO-MgO-CO_2-H_2O$ can be adopted to evaluate equilibrium conditions of the mineral assemblages in each mineral zone. It is revealed that a temperature gradient was existed accross the contact aureole ranging from the higher igneous side to lower sedimentary side, whereas no clear trend of $XCO_2$ variation appears but high mole fraction. The tremolite diopside-quartz-calcite assemblages occurs in common through the most mineral zones of contact aureole that is in good agreement with the equivalent reaction curve which extends over a wide range of $T-XCO_2$ conditions.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
• /
• v.25 no.1
• /
• pp.105-112
• /
• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of Tai Chi exercise on muscle strength, balance, flexibility and bone mineral density among community dwelling elderly women. Methods: A quasi-experimental pretest-posttest design with a nonequivalent comparison group was utilized, Elderly women were recruited from the community settings and assigned to either the treatment group (n=30) or the comparison group (n=34). Both groups completed the pretest and the posttest measures at six months with an 29.7% of dropouts. Tai Chi exercise was performed for 60 minutes, three times a week for 24 weeks. The study participants were referred to the sports clinic of the university hospital where an exercise therapist and a technician measured muscle strength, balance, flexibility, and bone mineral density without the knowledge of the group assignment. Data were collected from June 14, 2010 to May 27, 2011. Results: At the completion of 6 month Tai Chi exercise, the experimental group showed a significant difference in knee flexor strength (t=3.26 p=.002), flexibility (t=-2.93, p=.005), and bone mineral density in femur (t=2.20, p=.032), compared to the control group. Conclusion: Tai Chi exercise could be performed safely to community dwelling elderly women and effective for preventing declining in physical function in this population. Whether or not this health benefits would lead fall prevention will require further study.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
• /
• v.12 no.3
• /
• pp.195-205
• /
• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop the dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH) diet education program tailored to Korean adults and to examine the effect of the DASH diet education program on bone mineral density in middle aged women. Methods: The subjects of this study were 26 middle aged women, pre and post menopause, who attend a church located in Kyung-In district. The DASH group I (n=13) was provided with the DASH diet education program only, while the DASH group II (n=13) was provided with DASH diet education program along with calcium supplements (1 g/day). The DASH diet education program included one lecture on DASH diet, one face to face counseling, and five telephone counseling sessions during the 8 weeks period. Results: The knowledge and subjective compliance level of DASH diet increased significantly in both groups, at 4 and 8 weeks after the intervention. The level of objective compliance of DASH diet in both groups increased over the study period, but it was not significant as compared to those of the baseline. Bone mineral density of both groups decreased at 8weeks as compared to the baseline after the intervention. Conclusion: Although 8weeks of DASH diet education program increased the knowledge and compliance of DASH diet, it was not effective to bring the changes in bone mineral density among the middle aged women.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
• /
• v.49 no.1
• /
• pp.1-6
• /
• 2004

N fertilizer required by rice could be reduced greatly in the rice-barley double cropping system than in the rice single cropping system. This study was conducted to investigate how much of the N fertilizer during the early stage of rice in the rice-barley double cropping system, could be saved compared to that in the rice single cropping system. This experiment was carried out at the paddy field of the National Crop Experiment Station in Suwon, Korea during three years from 1999 to 2001. Amounts of soil mineral nitrogen (SMN) and SPAD values of rice leaf during rice growing season in the rice-barley double cropping system were higher than those in the rice single cropping system under the same amount of N application during two years. Yield and N uptakes of rice at harvesting time were also higher in the rice-barley double cropping system than in the rice single cropping system during two years. Yield and N uptake of rice in the rice single cropping system were decreased when basal N fertilizer was omitted, but those reductions were not found by either omitting basal N fertilizer or omitting N fertilizer at tillering stage in the rice-barley double cropping system during 2000 and 2001. But yield and N uptakes of rice were decreased by 70 kg/10a and 2kgN/10a by the omission of both N application at basal and tillering stages in the rice-barley double cropping system in 2002. It was concluded that N fertilizer as much as tillering N fertilizer could be saved in the rice-barley double cropping system.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
• /
• v.25 no.9
• /
• pp.32-37
• /
• 2008

Freestanding hydride vapor phase epitaxy grown GaN(Gallium Nitride) substrates subjected to various polishing methods were characterized for their surface and subsurface conditions, Although CMP(Chemical Mechanical Polishing) is one of the best approaches for reducing scratches and subsurface damages, the removal rate of Ga-polar surface in CMP is insignificant($0.1{\sim}0.3{\mu}m$/hr) as compared with that of N-polar surface, Therefore, conventional MP(Mechanical Polishing) is commonly used in the GaN substrate fabrication process, MP of (0001) surface of GaN has been demonstrated using diamond slurries with different abrasive sizes, Diamond abrasives of size ranging from 30nm to 100nm were dispersed in ethylene glycol solutions and mineral oil solutions, respectively. Significant change in the surface roughness ($R_a$ 0.15nm) and scratch-free surface were obtained by diamond slurry of 30nm in mean abrasive size dispersed in mineral oil solutions. However, MP process introduced subsurface damages confirmed by TEM (Transmission Electronic Microscope) and PL(Photo-Luminescence) analysis.