• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
• /
• v.21 no.3 s.61
• /
• pp.9-14
• /
• 2006

From March 1, 2005 to August 31, 2006 mineral water wells were selected for 13 areas in Southeast Asia (Indonesia, Philippines, Thailand, Singapore) and 20 areas in Northeast Asia (Korea, North Korea, China, Japan) and the study on their mineral water quality was analyzed. - Mineral water quality was the best in Korea. Mineral spring waters in some area of China and North Korea and in the whole area of the Southeast Asia were of poor quality. - The hardness of mineral water was the low in Korea $(10{\sim}47mg/L\;as\;CaCO_3)$, Japan $(4{\sim}66mg/L\;as\; CaCO_3)$, Geumgang-san North Korea Area $(4mg/L\;as\;CaCO_3)$. Mineral spring water in Thailand, Indonesia $(1{\sim}97.5mg/L\;as\;CaCO_3)$ and in the other area $(120{\sim}1205mg/L\;as\;CaCO_3)$ were high degree of hardness. - pH value in the mineral water of Southeast Asia $(pH\;6.7{\sim}8.2)$ and Northeast Asia $(pH\;5.9{\sim}7.9)$ was up to WHO standard $(pH\;6.5{\sim}8.5)$. Fluorine of negative ion was found in 10 mineral waters: Indonesian mineral water 'ATARTN'(0.02mg/L), Thailand mineral water 'SIAM' (0.6mg/L), 'MASAFI' (0.02mg/L). Korean mineral water 'SAEMMULNARA' (1.1mg/L), 'SANSU'(0.6mg/L), 'ICIS'(0.3mg/L), 'DONGWON SAEM-MUL'(0.03mg/L), 'PYEONGCHANG' (0.6mg/L), North Korean mineral water 'KUMGANGSAN'(0.1mg/L), Japanese mineral water 'CRYSTAL GEYSER'(0.55mg/L). However Fluorine in the other 23 mineral waters were not detectable.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.41 no.5
• /
• pp.315-323
• /
• 2008

To measure the mineral content of fishes, we collected 177 individuals from 53 fish species from the east (Pohang), west (Gunsan), and south (Tongyeong) coasts of Korea. The mean content of the macro mineral in a 100 g sample taken from the edible portion of each fish was (in descending order): P(207.4 mg), K(169.7 mg), Na(101.6 mg), Ca(44.4 mg), and Mg(30.4 mg). In comparison, the mean content of micro mineral in the fishes was (in descending order): Zn ($8.98{\mu}g/g$), Fe ($5.03{\mu}g/g$), Cu ($0.76{\mu}g/g$), Mn ($0.43{\mu}g/g$), and Ni ($0.08{\mu}g/g$). We could not observe clear regional variation in the mineral content of fish species. With regard to minerals considered essential for humans, the amount of Ca per sample (100 g) was the highest in the Scyliorhinus torazame (465.4 mg), and than followed by Ammodytes personatus (338.0 mg), Dasyatis akajei (267.4 mg), Raja kenojei (248.1 mg), Conger myriaster (174.1 mg), Clupanodon punctatus (86.8 mg), Muraenesox cinereus (81.2 mg), and Engraulis japonica (70.4 mg). The daily average intake of the mineral through the fishes consisted of P (100.6 mg), K (82.3 mg), Na (49.3 mg), Mg (14.8 mg), Zn (0.44 mg), Fe (0.24 mg), Cu (0.04 mg) and Mn (0.02 mg). The respective intakes of macro mineral (P, Mg, Na, Ca, K) from the fishes were about 14.4, 4.2, 3.3, 3.1 and 1.8% of the dietary reference intakes for Koreans (KDRIs) set by the Korean Nutrition Society. In comparison, the respective intakes of micro mineral (Cu, Zn, Fe, Mn) from the fishes were about 4.6, 4.4, 2.4, and 0.6% of the KDRIs.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.42 no.2
• /
• pp.93-103
• /
• 2009

To measure the mineral contents of marine invertebrates, we collected 239 individuals from 52 species from the east (Pohang), west (Gunsan), and south (Tongyeong) coasts of Korea: 34 species of molluscan shellfish (Gastropoda and Bivalvia), 6 species of Cephalopoda, 8 species of Crustacea, and 4 other species. The mean contents of the macro mineral in the 100g edible portion of molluscan shellfish were high in the oder of Na (355.1 mg), P (128.1 mg), K (110.8 mg), Mg (83.8 mg) and Ca (57.5 mg). And the mean contents of the micro mineral in the molluscan shellfish were high in the oder of Fe ($41.12{\mu}g/g$), Zn ($30.48{\mu}g/g$), Mn ($3.81{\mu}g/g$), Cu ($3.49{\mu}g/g$) and Ni ($0.35{\mu}g/g$). We could not observe clear regional variation in the mineral content of the molluscan shellfish species. The mean contents of the macro mineral in the 100g edible portion of other marine invertebrates (Cephalopoda, Crustacea, etc.) were high in the oder of Na (400.7 mg), P (145.1 mg), K (105.0 mg), Mg (63.2 mg) and Ca (49.0 mg). And the mean contents of the micro mineral in other marine invertebrates were high in the oder of Zn ($24.4{\mu}g/g$), Fe ($13.8{\mu}g/g$), Cu ($4.88{\mu}g/g$), Mn ($2.14{\mu}g/g$) and Ni ($0.12{\mu}g/g$). The daily average intakes of the macro mineral through fisheries products consisted of P (125.9 mg), Na (119.3 mg), K (101.8 mg), Ca (31.0 mg), Mg (27.6 mg). And the daily average intakes of the micro mineral through fisheries products consisted of Zn (0.92 mg), Fe (0.68 mg), Cu (0.12 mg) and Mn (0.07 mg). The respective intakes of the minerals (P, Mg, Na, Ca, K) from fish were about 18.0, 7.9, 8.0, 4.4 and 2.2% of the dietary reference intakes for Koreans (KDRIs) set by the Korean Nutrition Society. And the respective intakes of micro mineral (Cu, Zn, Fe, Mn) from fish were about 14.6, 9.2, 6.7, and 2.1% of the dietary reference intakes for Koreans (KDRIs). Therefore, fisheries products play a very important role as a source of mineral.

• Journal of Magnetics
• /
• v.14 no.2
• /
• pp.80-85
• /
• 2009

The mineral dissolution sensor system using GMR-SV and glass/Mg(200 nm) was prepared and characterized. The magnetic field sensitivity of GMR-SV to microscopic magnetic variation was about 0.8%/Oe. The change that occurs when Mg-film dissolves in water, the solubility of water, which is one of the basic properties of mineral water, was sensed by measuring the subtle variation of an electric current. In the case of edible water with Mg mineral added, bubbles were generated on the surface of the Mg film in the first 45 minutes, and the number of drops that were dissolved more rapidly than with the tap and DI waters later reduced to zero. For the edible water samples that each had different mineral Mg concentrations, the Mg solubility speed significantly differed. After injecting Mg film into the edible water, the magnetoresistance of the output GMR-SV signal decreased from a maximum of $45.4\;{\Omega}$ to a minimum of $43.6\;{\Omega}$. The measurement time was within 1 min, giving the rate of change ${\Delta}R/{\Delta}t=0.18\;{\Omega}/s$. This measurement system can be applied to develop a mineral Mg solubility GMR-SV sensor that can be used to sense the change from edible water to reduced alkali.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
• /
• v.27 no.5
• /
• pp.1364-1368
• /
• 2015

This study was performed to evaluate mineral contents of catfish Silurus asotus. As a result of mineral content, the mean content of the macro mineral was (in descending order): K (310.36-412.66 mg/100 g), P (186.42-223.02 mg/100 g), Na (35.32-57.87 mg/100 g), Mg (22.88-31.87 mg/100 g), Ca (9.05-13.07 mg/100 g). In comparison, the mean content of the micro mineral was (in descending order): Fe (0.26-0.95 mg/100 g), Zn (0.26-1.02 mg/100 g), Cu (ND-0.08 mg/100 g), Mn (0.01-0.03 mg/100 g). A proportion of mineral intakes with the dietary reference intakes for Koreans (KDRIs) set by the Korean Nutrition Society. Nutrient uptake proportion of mineral intakes was (in descending order): P (62.16%), K (20.71%), Mg (16.82%), Fe (13.02%), Zn (11.38%) Cu (10.94%), Na (6.59%), Ca (3.09%), Mn (0.96%). The mineral content was compared with the major protein food sources according to the Korea Health Statistics (2013) such as polished rice, pork, chicken, beef, eggs and milk. The calcium content contains; lower level of milk and eggs, chicken whereas higher levels of rice, pork and beef. Catfish has less iron content than major protein food source. Phosphorus and potassium contain higher level of major protein food sources.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
• /
• v.19 no.4
• /
• pp.515-525
• /
• 2006

Survey was done to total 250 people to analyze characteristics of water quality in 5 widely used mineral water springs-(Teajosan(a), Leechungmukong(b), Onju(c), Yeongin(d), Crown(e))-in Chung-nam area and local mineral water usage. And the content of mineral and physico-chemical properties were compared in 5 sites. The largest users of mineral water spring was $40{\sim}50's$ of ages. Among those mineral water spring users, 52.5% had regular dietary habit and 32% showed improvement in lift habit after using mineral water spring. The mineral water spring users were engaged in student, housewife, professional, self-employed, etc. Those who were highly interested in health were likely to use mineral spring water more often regardless of age and occupation. Five mineral water springs differed in contents of mineral. The average content of minerals was $Ca\;28.5mg/{\ell},\;K\;1.5mg/{\ell},\;Mg\;5.3mg/{\ell},\;Na\;14.3mg/{\ell}$. 'K index' was an indicator of healthy water, and 'O index' was an indicator of tasty water. According to K indek and O index, waters of a b, c and e area were classified as 'tasty and healthy water', and water of e area had the highest values in both K and O index d area was classified as 'tasty water.'

• Journal of Mushroom
• /
• v.19 no.1
• /
• pp.51-55
• /
• 2021

The mineral contents of domestic and Chinese Sarcodon aspratus were analyzed for comparing the differences in the mineral contents according to the production sites. The mineral contents of 10 domestic and 10 Chinese S. aspratus were analyzed by using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer and an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer. The sodium, magnesium, potassium, and calcium contents of domestic S. aspratus were 170.3±44.0 mg/kg, 81.3±20.8 mg/kg, 1,123.8±274.3 mg/kg, and 12.1±4.1 mg/kg, respectively, while those of Chinese S. aspratus were 112.2±40.8 mg/kg, 297.8±20.9 mg/kg, 10,938.4±2,914.1 mg/kg, and 52.5±27.7 mg/kg, respectively. There were no significant differences in the micro mineral contents and hazardous heavy metal contents between domestic and Chinese S. aspratus, while there was a significant difference in the macro mineral contents between domestic and Chinese S. aspratus. Thus, the comparative analyses of the sodium, magnesium, potassium, and calcium contents of many domestic and Chinese S. aspratus are required to determine their production sites in the future.

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
• /
• v.30 no.4
• /
• pp.205-217
• /
• 2017

Mineral carbonation by indirect method has been studied by serpentinite as cation source. Through the carbonation of $CO_2$ and alkaline earth ions (calcium and magnesium) from serpentinite, the pure carbonates including $MgCO_3$ and $CaCO_3$ were synthesized. The extraction solvent used to extract magnesium (Mg) was ammonium sulfate ($(NH_4)_2SO_4$), and the investigated experimental factors were the concentration of $(NH_4)_2SO_4$, reaction temperature, and ratio of serpentinite to the extraction solvent. From this study, the Mg extraction efficiency of approximately 80 wt% was obtained under the conditions of 2 M $(NH_4)_2SO_4$, $300^{\circ}C$, and a ratio of 5 g of serpentinite/75 mL of extraction solvent. The Mg extraction efficiency was proportional to the concentration and reaction temperature. $NH_3$ produced from the Mg extraction of serpentinite was used as a pH swing agent for carbonation to increase the pH value. About 1.78 M of $NH_3$ as the form of $NH_4{^+}$ was recovered after Mg extraction from serpentinite. And, the main step in Mg extraction process of serpentinite was estimated by geochemical modeling.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
• /
• v.45 no.6
• /
• pp.47-55
• /
• 2011

This study investigated mineral element concentrations of acorns in Quercus acutissima and Quercus serrata seed orchard, so that to estimate the variation of these species based on the chemical composition in different clones from plus trees. The acorns were collected from ten clones of each species grown in the same clonal seed orchard. The nutritional concentration of acorns was significantly different between the clones and species. The concentration of nutrient for the whole acorn followed in this general sequence: P > K > Na > Mg > Ca > Mn > Fe > Zn > Cu. The mineral concentrations of acorns in clones of Q. acutissima and Q. serrata contained P (494 to 684 and 541 to 672 mg/100 g), K (114 to 569 and 140 to 251 mg/100 g), Na (57 to 121 and 49 to 85 mg/100 g), Mg (29 to 37 and 26 to 42 mg/100 g), Ca (10 to 53 and 26 to 68 mg/100 g), Mn (0.5 to 3.4 and 1.8 to 4.5 mg/100 g), Fe (0.7 to 1.1 and 0.0 to 2.2 mg/100 g), Zn (0.34 to 0.81 and 0.38 to 0.84 mg/100 g), and Cu (0.13 to 0.40 and 0.09 to 0.34 mg/100 g) respectively. Even though acorns of Q. serrata are smaller in size than Q. acutissima, acorns of Q. serrata contained significantly higher concentration of phosphorus, calcium, iron and manganese than Q. acutissima. Based on the mineral composition of the acorns, this study has shown that the clones of Q. acutissima and Q. serrata have different ability to accumulate mineral nutrients which could indicate the variation of Quercus species in terms of mineral acquisition and accumulation.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.31 no.2
• /
• pp.245-251
• /
• 1998

A 10-week feeding experiment was conducted to determine the influence of several minerals from dietary mineral premix on growth and body composition in juvenile Korean rockfish. Three replicate groups of fish Initially averaging 4.2 g were fed one of the ten experimental diets. Korean rockfish muscle and casein as protein sources were used in the basal diet, and deleted one of each mineral (P, Ca, Zn, Mg, Fe, K, Mn, Se or all) in the control mineral premix, Weight gain, feed efficiency and nutrient retention in fish fed the diet not containing mineral premix were significantly lower than those in fish fed other diets (P<0.01). Weight gain in fish fed the diets deleted each mineral (P, Ca, Zn, Hg, Fe, K, Mn or Se) was lower than that of control diet (P<0.01), Feed efficiency and protein retention in fish fed the diets deleted each of P, Ca, Zn or Mn were lower than those ot control diet (P<0.01). Daily feed intake and lipid retention were not affected by dietary mineral premixes ( P>0.01). Proximate analysis and mineral contents in the whole body, muscle, liver or bone of fish fed the diets deleted each mineral were not different to control diet ( P>0.01). The data obtained in this study indicate that each of the P, Ca, Zn, Mg, Fe, K, Mn or Se is essential for normal growth of Korean rockfish.