• 한국식품영양과학회지
• /
• 제46권4호
• /
• pp.513-522
• /
• 2017

본 연구는 만 19세 이상~만 65세 미만 성인의 우유 유제품 섭취빈도 분포를 파악하고 골밀도에 근거한 골 건강상태와 우유 유제품 섭취 간의 관련성을 조사하였다. 우유와 유제품, 우유, 유제품을 섭취한 MMP, M, MP군에서 섭취빈도가 1일 1회 미만인 대상자는 성인 남성 75.4%(3,480명), 82.4%(3,812명), 94.4%(4,367명)와 성인 여성 66.2%(4,069명), 74.9%(4,603명), 92.4%(5,680명)로 조사되었다. 우유 유제품 섭취빈도에 따른 골밀도는 성인 여성의 MMP군에서 1일 섭취빈도가 1회 이상인 집단과 M군에서 1일 섭취빈도가 1회 이상인 집단은 그렇지 않은 집단보다 만 50세 이상~만 65세 미만에서 연령, 체질량지수 등 혼란변수 보정 후 대퇴골 전체 골밀도, 대퇴골 경부 및 요추 골밀도가 모두 유의하게 높았다(P<0.01). 또한, 성인 여성 MMP군과 M군의 동일 연령에서 1일 섭취빈도가 1회 이상인 집단은 섭취빈도가 1일 1회 미만인 집단보다 연령, 체질량지수 등 혼란변수 보정 후 골다공증의 위험이 유의하게 감소하였다(OR: 0.49, CI: 0.28~0.86, OR: 0.36, CI: 0.21~0.62). 성인 남성의 MMP군과 M군에서는 1일 섭취빈도가 1일 1회 이상인 집단은 그렇지 않은 집단보다 만 30세 이상~만 40세 미만에서 대퇴골 전체 및 대퇴골 경부 골밀도가 모두 유의하게 높았고(P<0.05), 만 40세 이상~만 50세 미만에서 대퇴골 경부 골밀도가 유의하게 높아(P<0.05) 만 30세 이상~만 50세 미만에서 우유 유제품의 섭취는 골밀도와 연관성이 있었다. 본 연구는 단면적 연구로 식이섭취와 골 건강의 인과관계를 명확히 할 수 없는 연구의 제한점은 있으나 국내 우유 유제품과 골 건강의 연관성에 관한 역학 연구 및 식생활 관리의 기초자료가 될 수 있을 것으로 생각된다. 또한, 성별과 연령을 고려한 골 건강 관련 식생활이 필요할 것으로 보이며 그 기전 및 인과관계에 따른 후속연구가 필요하다.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
• /
• 제34권3호
• /
• pp.145-155
• /
• 2016

Cow's milk and dairy products are elements of the human diet that could play an important role in improving human health. The macronutrients and micronutrients found in milk could supply the nutrients required to maintain human health. Among them, milk-derived bioactive peptides have been identified as potential ingredients found in health promoting functional foods. These bioactive peptides target diet-related chronic diseases, particularly non-communicable ones such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes and obesity. Additionally probiotics such as lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are can be considered live microorganisms that confer health benefits for the host-, when administered in adequate amounts. Further, the calcium, vitamin D, and protein content of milk and dairy products could play a role in proving bone health. The effect of milk and calcium on bone mineral density could prevent against fracture, osteoporosis and rickets. Furthermore, milk and dairy products also contain which factors that, which protect against dental caries (anti-cariogenic properties). This paper reviews the various nutritional functions of milk and dairy products in improving human health.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제15권9호
• /
• pp.1278-1287
• /
• 2002

To record the prevalence of macro-minerals deficiency in buffaloes, a survey was conducted in certain parts of Northern India. The prevalence of soil Ca, P, Mg, Na, P and K deficiency was 21.35%, 23.30%, 28.64%, 3.61% and 6.84%, respectively while that of fodder Ca, P, Mg, Na and K deficiency was 13.88%, 16.55%, 19.72%, 3.54% and 4.86%, respectively. The overall prevalence of serum (buffalo) Ca, P, Mg, Na and K deficiency in certain parts of northern India was 25.48%, 24.66%, 24.36%, 4.42% and 3.28%, respectively. The correlation coefficient of Ca, P, Mg, Na and K in soil, fodder and serum was significant and in most of the cases the values were above 0.6. The highest deficiency of macro-minerals i.e. Ca, P, Mg, Na and K was found in plain regions, followed by Tarai (foot hill of Himalayas) region and finally the hilly region. For therapeutic studies, three types of mineral mixture were prepared according to deficiency obtained and fed to three groups of deficient animals. Observations were recorded on 0, 30, 60 and 75 day. In group A animals normal mineral mixture was provided, where as in group C and D 10% and 25% more of Ca, P, Mg were provided, respectively. There was an increase in body weight, milk yield, haemoglobin concentration, and total erythrocyte count. Alanine aminotransferase, aspartate amino transferase in group D animals. There was a decrease in heart rate, respiratory rate and alkaline phosphatase in group D animal after mineral supplement. Thus showing the efficacy when supplements 3 provided to group D animals.

• 한국축산식품학회지
• /
• 제33권3호
• /
• pp.369-376
• /
• 2013

Milk is well known to be rich in some nutrients such as protein, calcium, phosphorus, and vitamins. In particular, absorption and bioavailability of calcium receive lots of attention because calcium is very little absorbed until it is changed to the ionized form in the intestine. In this study, concentration of the soluble calcium was determined in the commercial bovine milk products, which were processed by different heat-treatment methods for pasteurization. As for general constituents, lactose, fat, protein, and mineral were almost same in the liquid milk products by different processors. Ultrafiltration of the skimmed milk caused little change in the permeate as for lactose content but both fat and protein decreased. pH values ranges from 6.57-6.62 at room temperature and slightly increase after centrifugation, 10,000 g, 10 min. Rennet-coagulation activity was the lowest in the ultra high temperature (UHT-)milk compared to the low temperature long time (LTLT-) and high temperature short time (HTST-)milk products. Each bovine milk products contains 1056.5-1111.3 mg/kg of Ca. The content of sulfhydryl group was the lowest in raw milk compared to the commercial products tested. For the skimmed milks after ultrafiltration with a membrane (Mw cut-off, 3 Kd), soluble Ca in the raw milk was highest at 450.2 mg/kg, followed by LTLT-milk 336.4-345.1 mg/kg, HTST-milk 305.5-313.3 mg/kg, UHT-milk 370.3-380.2 mg/kg in the decreasing order. After secondary ultrafiltration with a membrane (Mw cut-off, 1 kD), total calcium in raw milk had a highest of 444.2 mg/kg, and those in the market milk products. As follow: UHT-milk, 371.3 to 378.2 mg/kg; LTLT-milk, 333.3 to 342.2 mg/kg; HTST-milk 301.9 to 311.2 mg/kg in a decreasing order.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
• /
• 제62권4호
• /
• pp.565-576
• /
• 2020

Recently, Jersey cattle was introduced and produced by embryo transfer to Korea. This study was conducted to investigate the differences of milk compositions between Jersey and Holstein cows and the relationship between days in milk (DIM) and milk compositions during early lactation. Data were collected from twelve lactating cows from Department of Animal Resources Development at National Institute of Animal Science. Cows in parity 1 were used, and calved at spring from April to March of 2017. All cows were housed in two sections within a free-stall barn, which divided into six from each breed, and received a basal total mixed ration. Milk samples of each cow were collected at 3 DIM and 30 DIM for analyzing the milk compositions, including fatty acids (FA), amino acids and minerals. Total solids, citrate, and milk urea nitrogen level were differed between the breeds (p < 0.05). As DIM went from 3 to 30, milk protein, total solids, and somatic cell count decreased (p < 0.05), but lactose increased in all breed milk (p < 0.05). Citrate and free fatty acid (FFA) elevated in Jersey milk (p < 0.05), whereas reduced in Holstein milk (p < 0.05). Proportions of some individual FA varied from the breeds. Myristic (C14:0), palmitic (C16:0), and arachidonic acid (C20:4) in milk from all cows were higher at 3 DIM than at 30 DIM (p < 0.05). Also, stearic (C18:0) and oleic acid (C18:1) were lower at 3 DIM than at 30 DIM (p < 0.05), and the C18:1 to C18:0 ratio was significantly differed in DIM × breed interactions (p < 0.05). The contents of the individual amino acids did not differ from the breeds. Calcium, phosphorous, magnesium, and zinc (Zn) contents was significantly increased in Holstein milk than Jersey milk at 3 DIM. Also, K and Zn concentrations were higher in Holstein milk than in Jersey milk at 30 DIM (p < 0.05). It was concluded that Jersey cows would produce more effective milk in processing dairy products and more proper energy status compared with Holstein cows in early lactation under the same environmental and nutritional conditions.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
• /
• 제22권4호
• /
• pp.437-442
• /
• 1993

두유에 우유를 각각 10, 20, 30, 40, 50%(v/v) 첨가하고 두부를 제조하여 일반성분의 함량변화, 수율과 pH 변화, 관능검사, 견고성, 무기이온 함량의 변화 및 amino acid 조성을 조사 비교하였다. 수분함량은 우유첨가로 다소 감소하는 경향을, 당, 지방, 단백질, 회분의 함량은 우유의 첨가량이 증가함에 따라 증가하였고 pH 값은 우유의 첨가량이 증가함에 따라서 높아졌다. 두부의 무게와 용적은 우유의 첨가량에 비례적으로 증가하였다. 굳기는 우유 첨가량에 비례하여 증가하였으며 금속이온의 함량변화는 우유의 첨가량이 증가함에 따라 비례적으로 $Ca^{＋＋}$, $K^{＋}$, $Na^{＋}$는 증가한데 반하여 $Mg^{＋＋}$, Fe$^{＋＋}$는 감소하였다. 관능평가에서 색감은 우유의 첨가량이 증가할수록 식감과 냄새 그리고 맛은 30~40%의 우유 첨가에서 평점이 높았다. 함황아미노산의 함량은 우유 10, 20, 30, 40, 50% (v/v) 합한 경우 각 대조구(0%)에 대하여 1.51, 1.58, 1.67, 1.85, 1.95배 증가되었다. 즉 두유에 우유를 첨가하여 두부를 만들 경우 기존 두부의 품질에 큰 변화없이 두부의 단백질이 강화되었고 부수적으로 맛도 구수하게 향상되는 결과를 얻었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제28권8호
• /
• pp.1095-1104
• /
• 2015

To evaluate the effects of the pelleting and the addition of sodium monensin on production, the chemical and lipid composition of milk and butter physical characteristics, 4 Holstein dairy cows (135 days of lactation) with an average milk production of 14.7 kg/d, were supplemented with a concentrate containing ground canola seeds. The cows were assigned to a $4{\times}4$ Latin square design with a $2{\times}2$ factorial arrangement of treatments: i) ground maize, soybean meal, mineral and vitamin supplements, and ground canola seeds (CG); ii) CG concentrate with 31.5 mg of monensin added per kg of dry matter (DM); iii) CG pelleted concentrate; iv) CG concentrate with monensin addition pelleted. There was no difference in milk production and composition. The addition of monensin increased milk concentration of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), the PUFA/saturated fatty acids (SFA) ratio, and omega 6. The pelleting increased the concentration of monounsaturated fatty acids, the PUFA/SFA ratio, and the omega 6/omega 3 ratio, but decreased the concentration of SFA. The association between pelleting and the addition of monensin increased the concentration of conjugated linoleic acids by 46.9%. The physical characteristics of butter were not affected by the evaluated diets. We concluded that the concentrate with 31.5 mg of monensin added per kg DM basis combined with the pelleting improves the lipid composition of milk from Holstein cows that are on pasture and supplemented with ground canola seeds, without changing the production, milk composition, and spreadability of butter.

• 여성건강간호학회지
• /
• 제14권4호
• /
• pp.297-305
• /
• 2008

Purpose: This study was performed to assess the relationships among bone mineral density, dietary habits, life styles and anthropometric measurements in young women. Subjects included 229 female college students in Seoul and Kyunggi province. Method: The subjects were asked about dietary habits and life styles using questionnaire. A sampel of 229 young women was assessed anthropometric measurements and bone mineral density on calcaneous using quantitative ultrasound. Result: The percentages of the osteoporosis(T-score<-2.5), osteopenia(-2.5${\leq}$T-score<-1.0), and normal(T-score${\geq}$-1.0) groups were 1.75%, 13.53% and 84.71%, respectively. Weight, soft lean mass, and BMI were positively related with T-score and Z-score. But height was negative related with SOS(Speed of sounds). Conclusion: This study confirmed that one of the most effective ways to minimize bone mineral density less in young women is to maintain an adequate body weight, soft lean mass, and BMI. And the young women were recommended do not one-side eating, daily intakes of milk products, perform daily physical exercise, and do not drink coke or soft drinks for the bone health.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
• /
• 제1권4호
• /
• pp.328-334
• /
• 2007

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between nutrient intake and bone mineral density (BMD) of elderly women in Daegu, Korea. In this study, the bone mineral densities of 101 elderly women in Daegu were measured, and their nutrient intake, dietary habits, and maternal factors were determined through a survey. The subjects were divided into the normal group, the osteopenia group, and osteoporosis group to find out if there is a correlation between bone mineral density and maternal factors, dietary habits, and nutrient intake through their T-scores, analyzed according to the standards of WHO. Classification by T-scores of the participants were the normal group 25.7%, the osteopenia group 39.6%, the osteoporosis group 34.7%. Menopause age of the osteoporosis group was lower, postmenopausal period was longer, and last delivery age was significantly higher than the normal group (p<0.05). Osteoporosis group had a lower percentage of 'everyday' fruit and vegetable intakes and higher percentage of 'never' dairy intake than of the normal group. Vitamin A, vitamin $B_1$, and vitamin $B_2$ intakes of participants in the osteoporosis group were lower than those in the normal group (p<0.05). In conclusion, nutritional education is necessary to encourage high intake of milk and vegetables and fruits along with calcium, vitamin A, $B_1$, and $B_1$ intakes and low intake of sodium for the prevention of elderly women's osteoporosis.

• 근관절건강학회지
• /
• 제19권3호
• /
• pp.350-361
• /
• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to explore the level of bone mineral densities of the femur neck and to identify factors affecting bone mineral density of the femur in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients. Methods: Participants were 121 PD patients visiting the outpatient clinic of D University Hospital in B City. Bone mineral density was measured at the femur neck by using a dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. The serum vitamin D level, the amounts of milk intake, caffeine intake, cigaret smoking, and alcohol consumption, and the number of steps taken daily were measured. Past and present disease history, the medication history, and duration of the disease were also collected. The level of disability was obtained by neurologists using the Hoehn and Yahr stage and the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale. Results: Among PD patients, 57% had osteopenia and 15.7% had osteoporosis. The bone mineral density of the femur was associated with weight, serum vitamin D level, age, and working status. Conclusion: The identification of weight and serum vitamin D level as important predictive factors emphasizes the importance of balanced nutrition for PD patients.