• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.11-20
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• 1968

Maximal oxygen uptake was measured in thirty-three secondary school girls by means of the treadmill test. Eighteen middle school girls aged 14.0 (range: $13.0{\sim}15.9$) years and fifteen high school girls aged 16.9 (range: $16.0{\sim}18.0$) years served as subjects. Maximal treadmill run lasted for 2 minutes and 20 seconds and the expired air was collected in a Douglas bag through a J-valve during the last one minute period. In general, absolute values of various measurements in the high school girls were greater than those of the middle school girls. When values were expressed on the body weight or lean body weight basis, however, work capacity of middle school girls was superior to that of the high school girls. The detailed results are as follows: 1. In middle school girls maximal oxygen uptake was 1.78 l/min., 47.4 ml/kg body weight, 12.3 ml/cm body height, and 61.7ml/kg lean body mass. In high school girls maximal oxygen uptake was 1.93 l/min., 39.7ml/kg body weight, 12.3 ml/cm body height, and 51.2 ml/kg LBM. Although the absolute value of maximal oxygen uptake was greater in high school girls than in middle school girls, values expressed on the body weight basis showed the reverse trend, namely, values of the middle school girls was greater than those of the high school girls. 2. The ratio of maximal to resting oxygen uptake was 8.8 in the middle school girls and was 10.2 in the high school girls. 3. Maximal pulmonary ventilation in the middle school girls was 55.3 l/min. and 66.1 l/min. in the high school girls. The ratio of maximal to resting pulmonary ventilation was 10.2 in the middle school girls and 10.1 in the high school girls. 4. The correlation between body weight and maximal oxygen uptake was relatively high, namely, r=0.79 both in middle and high school girls. The correlation coefficient between body weight and maximal pulmonary ventilation was a little less that of between maximal oxygen uptake and showed a value of r=0.60 both in middle and high school girls. The lean body mass was a poor reference of maximal oxygen uptake or maximal pulmonary ventilation as compared to body weight. The correlation between maximal oxygen uptake and maximal pulmonary ventilation was high and the coefficient of correlation in middle school girls was 0.927 and in high school girls it was 0.856. 5. Maximal ventilation equivalent was 30.9 liters in middle school girls and 33.9 liters in high school girls. This indicated that no hyperventilation was induced during the maximal of oxygen uptake exercise period as related to the maximal oxygen uptake. 6. Heart rate reached to the peak value within 1.5 minutes after beginning of maximal oxygen uptake run and remained at the same peak plateau level throughout the entire running period. Heart rate decreased steeply on cessation of running and subsided slowly thereafter. The maximal heart rate was 184 beat/min. in middle school girls and 189 beat/min. in high school girls. 7. Maximal oxygen pulse was 9.4 in middle school girls and 9.9 ml/beat in high school girls.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.1-13
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• 1990

The purpose of this study is to investigate the degree of learning interest in the curriculum of home economics for the middle and high school girls in korea and Japan, and to obtain the basic guidance for the improvement of the effect of home economics education. In this study korea and Japanese textbooks were compared and the questionaires were administered to 290 middle school girls and 270 high school girls in Chong-Ju, korea, and 261 middle school girls and 248 high school girls in Tokyo, Japan. The obtained data were analyzed by percentile and $\chi$$\^$2/-test. In comparision of the degree of interest in hand sewing and machine sewing korean middle school girls showed higher interest than the high school girls, on the other hand, in Japan, the high school girls were more interested. In the unit of making a simple clothes, the middle school girls of both countries were more interested than the high school girls, and the degree of interest of Japanese girls was higher than that of korean girls.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.560-568
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• 2002

This study was carried out to compare the dietary behaviors and the nutrient intake of a middle school and a high school girls in Iksan. The subjects consisted of 132 middle school girls and 122 high school girls in Iksan. The proportion of subjects eating meals irregularly was higher in the high school girls (98.6%) than in the middle school girls(78.7%). The proportion of subjects skipping a meal also was higher in the high school girls(61.5%) than in the middle school girls(53.8%) and most of them (65.8%) skipped breakfast though they thought breakfast was the most important meal of a day (87.4%). The subjects tended to overeat at lunch (38.6%), and at dinner (55.9%). The main reasons of skipping a meal were 1. They had no time (49.3%), and 2. They had poor appetite (24.7%) Mean daily energy intake was 2198.5Kcal in the middle school girls and 2150.5Kcal in the high school girls and mean daily intake of protein, iron, vitamin $B_1$, vitamin $B_2$ and niacin was significantly higher (p<0.05, p<0.01) in the middle school girls than in the high school girls. Mean daily calcium, iron, vitamin $B_1$, vitamin A and C intake of middle school girls were lower than those of RDA and all nutrients intake of high school girls except for phosphorus was lower than those of RDA. The index of nutritional quality (INQ) was under 1.0 for calcium, iron, vitamin A, $B_1$ and C. Mean blood level of cholesterol, triglyceride, Hb, Hct, GOT, GPT were 170.9mg/dl, 78.9mg/dl, 13.1g/dl, 39.5%, 18.8mg/d and 15.7mg/dl, respectively.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.602-613
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• 2009

This study aims to improve the fit of middle and high school girls' uniforms. This study researched on the sizing system reflecting their body figures. The results are as follows. First, to classify the middle and high school girls' figures, factor analysis, and cluster analysis were conducted. 4 factors were extracted for upper body of the middle school girls, and 5 factors were extracted for the highschool girls. For the lower body, 3 factors were extracted for both the middle and high school girls. The middle school girls were then divided into 4 groups for the upper body and 4 groups for the lower body. The high school girls were divided into 4 upper and lower body groups. Third, KS size intervals were used for frequency distribution of height and bust for the bodice, height and waist for the lower body. Sizing system of the uniform company and the frequency distribution of sizes were compared. As a result, sizing system of the uniform company and the frequency distribution overlapped very little. Fourth, sizing system considering body type distribution and high frequency distribution of sizes was suggested. As a result when 6 sizes were suggested 30% of the population was covered, and when 11 sizes were suggested 55% of the population was covered.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.51-56
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• 1982

We must encourage the use of the spirometer as part of routine examination of nearly all adult patients. Despite the theoretical problems of the water spirometer and its Poor frequency response, the water spirometer is adequate for the physiological function tests even in healthy people. The aim of this study was to report the pulmonary function studies of athletic swimmers. Subjects were 85 athletic swimmers from 9 to 25 years of age. They were elementary school boys and girls, middle school boys and girls, high school boys and girls, and college students. The results are as follows: 1) Frequency of breath: (cycle/min, $M{\pm}SD$) Elementary school boys show $19{\pm}4.7$, elementary school girls $22{\pm}7.9$, middle school boys $17{\pm}2.4$, middle school girls $18{\pm}8.2$, high school boys $15{\pm}3.4$, high school girls $15{\pm}9.7$, and college male students $12{\pm}3.2$. 2) Vital capacity: (1, $M{\pm}SD$) Elementary school boys show $2.60{\pm}0.480$, elementary school girls $2.22{\pm}0.412$, middle school boys $3.63{\pm}0.598$, middle school girls $2.80{\pm}0.303$, high school boys $4.70{\pm}0.487$, high school girls $3.23{\pm}0.509$, and college male students $4.30{\pm}0.608$. 3) Tidal volume: (ml, $M{\pm}SD$) Elementary school boys show $462{\pm}59$, elementary school girls $395{\pm}110$, middle school boys $524{\pm}78$, middle school girls $421{\pm}59$, high school boys $612{\pm}101$, high school girls $494{\pm}123$, and college male students $603{\pm}121$. 4) Breath holding time: (sec, $M{\pm}SD$) Elementary school boys show $58{\pm}21.2$, elementary school girls $36{\pm}11.1$, middle school boys $61{\pm}16.7$. middle school girls $53{\pm}21.0$, high school boys $64{\pm}9.1$, high school girls $49{\pm}15.3$, and college male students $81{\pm}23.0$.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.77-82
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• 1967

The normal lung volumes were determined and subdivided under sitting position in 48 middle school girls, 49 high school girls and 44 house wives. All subjects were free of pulmonary and vascular diseases. The vital capacity was measured by Mckessons spirometer and the residual volume was determined by Rahn's three breathing method. 1. The lung volumes (BTPS) of middle school girls determined were: $RV\;0.59{\pm}0.11l\;FRC\;1.45{\pm}2.22l\;VC\;2.68{\pm}0.29l$ 2. The lung volumes (BTPS) of high school girls determined were: $RV\;0.83{\pm}0.19l\;FRC\;1.9{\pm}0.25l\;VC\;3.15{\pm}0.24l$ 3. The lung volumes (BTPS) of house wives determind were: $RV\;0.95{\pm}0.61{\ell}\;FRC\;2.1{\pm}0.25{\ell}\;VC\;3.06{\pm}0.29l$ 4. The calculated residual ratio $(RV/TLC{\times}100)$ were: $17.7{\pm}2.57%$ in middle school girls and $20.6{\pm}3.65%$ in high school girls and $24.0{\pm}2.31%$ in house wives 5. The functional residual ratio $(FRC/TLC{\times}100)$ were: $43.7{\pm}5.98%$ in middle school girls and $48.8{\pm}4.41%4 in high school girls and $52.6{\pm}5.38%$ in house wives. 6. The correlation coefficients between vital capacity and total lung capacity were r=0.96 in middle school girls and r=0.986 in high school girls and r=0.856 in house wives. 7. The regression equations were obtained follows: $TLC(l) =1.105{\times}VC+0.304$ (in middle school girls) $TLC(l) =1.551{\times}VC-0.902$ (in high school girls) $TLC(l) =0.999{\times}VC+0.954$ (in house wives)

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.75-87
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is to find out how middle and high school girls show their clothing attitudes and their life-style. clothing behavior. use their ornaments according to demographic variables. The subject of this study consists o 345 middle and high school girls living in Chung-Nam Province and Taejon Metropolitan City. SPSS/PC+ program was utilized to calculate frequency(N) mean value(M) and standard deviation (SD) for statistical analysis. Differences among the populations are examined through t-test. F-test and X2-test. The results of this study are as follow : 1. Correlation between the life style and demographic variables. Especially. life-style has significant difference(p<. 05) according to type of school. middle school girls have high tendency in the type of modern and fashion. Life-style has significant difference(p< .01) according to level of achievement studying, high level girls has high tendency in the type of practical and secure. 2. Correlation between the clothing behavior and demographic variables. According to type of school. middle school girls showed higher than high school girls in clothing conformity and clothing aesthetics. According to level of achievement studying, high level girls have high tendency in clothing conformity and clothing modesty. 3. Correlation between the use their ornaments and demographic variables. Buying the ornaments, higher-level achievement studying girl’s get information in show window. but lower-level achievement studying girl’s get information in TV or radio. The use of ornaments according to the site of school, most of school girls who live in small city or town use the ornaments as usual school life but school girls who live in big city use the ornaments to look good on their clothes. Following suggestions can be made based on the discussions above: It is necessary for us to have correct understanding about the correlation between the ornaments and clothing of school girls in order to lead them to have appropriate clothing behavior. Furthermore. it is required to construct a bridge linking a course of study to rational habits guidance which will provide us more appropriate tools for clothing behavior guidance.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.32 no.8
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• pp.1190-1201
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• 2008

The objective of this study is to compare and analyze middle and high school boys' and girls' uniform wearing conditions. The survey was conducted online and data were obtained from 907 middle and high school boys and girls. The results of this study are as follows. First, most boys and girls did not know their body sizes other than their height and weight. Second, when purchasing the school uniforms, over 70% of the boys and girls chose to try on the uniforms before their purchase and over 60% of the boys and girls had trouble selecting their sizes just by reading the labels. Third, both boys and girls considered the fit as the most important factor. When purchasing jackets, both middle and high school boys considered the shoulder width as most important. Middle school girls considered the jacket and sleeve length as most important, whereas high school girls considered the shoulder width, waist, and bust as most important. When purchasing skirts or slacks, waist girth was considered as most important. Fourth, boys repurchased more school uniforms than girls. Boys have outgrown their uniforms usually in the length categories, whereas girls have outgrown in the girth categories. Fifth, more girls(72.7%) modified their uniforms than the boys(56.8%). Boys usually bought bigger uniforms, modified them to fit and when they grow out of their uniforms they planned to modify their uniforms again whereas girls modified their uniforms to follow the trend. Sixth, the online shopping mall survey has revealed that both boys and girls liked the idea of 3D model that reflect their own body shapes, but they had low preference to purchase school uniforms online. Online purchase has been more attractive to the boys than to the girls, while the way of fashioning uniforms has been more attractive to the girls than to the boys.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.4 no.6
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• pp.534-543
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to identify the body proportions of girls in middle and high school who have been a major sales target of clothing manufacturers and thus to provide the basic information on the proportion of human body, which is essential for manufacturer to produce clothing and for individual consumers to select right apparels to wear and purchase. The subjects were 133 girls in middle school and 141 girls in high school. As measuring instruments, the Martin's anthropometer, tapelines, and belts for marking waistline were used. In order to analyze the data, t-test and factor analysis were used. The measurement of vertical distance between vertex and measuring points, showed a significant difference between the high school group and middle school group in every item. In the comparison of eight head proportion between the two groups, middle school students had 7.2 head proportion while girls in high school had 6.9 head proportion in detail. The factor analysis of major divided body parts of the two groups indicated that waist-hip and hip-crotch, constituting lower trunk together, vertex-apex nasi, and apex nasi-back neck point, constituting head together, back neck point-spina scapula and spina scapula-waist, constituting posterior of upper body together, and mentum-bust point and bust point-waist, constituting anterior of upper body together, were in inverse proportion.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.21-33
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to provide information on how to improve both the satisfaction and the current sizing system for the school uniform focused on middle and high school girls' students. For the satisfaction of their school uniform, there were statistical significance by the academic year in jacket design, blouse color, and skirt design in the case of middle school girls'. On the other hand, high school girls' evaluation of school uniform was significantly different in jacket color, jacket design, blouse color, textile of blouse, skirt color, and skirt design by the academic year. For the assessment of wearing motion, there was no significant difference by the grade in both middle school and high school girls'. However, it was shown more frequency of discomfort than that of comfort. For the evaluation of sizing fitness, the breadth of sleeve in jacket and the width of blouse were statistical significance in middle school girls' by the grade while the width of jacket, he breadth of sleeve in jacket, the length of blouse, the width of blouse and length of sleeve in blouse were different in high school students by the grade.