• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.558-567
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• 2016

In the case of France which was successful in improving the ultra-low fertility rates of birth and South Korea, from the late 1980s, the birth rate fell continuously. In 1994, total fertility rate fell 1.66, but thanks to the active family policy of the government in the mid 1990s, it grew and maintained 2.0 average since the year 2008 until now. This study examined carefully how France was not classified as advanced welfare state, overcame the obstacles of low fertility problem in the socio-economic and institutional side and trying to get some suggestions from South Korea in which it of such problems in the field of low fertility.

• Journal of Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.9-15
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• 1980

By the mid 1960's the rate of productivity growth in the manufacturing industries of the United States reached the lowest level ever recorded in the American economy. As a result the cost-offsetting operations that had been a century-long part of cost minimizing became less feasible. U.S. manufacturing firins apparently embarked on a pattern of a cost pass-along management. Accounting for price variation as a function of a shift from cost minimizing to cost pass-along is the main subject of this investigation. An econometric model of the inflation process is presented which indicates a clear shift in the modal behavior of manufacturing industries from cost minimizing (1948-1964) to cost pass-along (1965-1975). The latter behavior, initially triggered by the drag of resource diversion on the productivity growth process, undermines the pressure toward productive efficiency that is at the core of industrial engineering, and at the center of U.S. industry's ability to remain competitive.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.945-953
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• 2000

Since early 1960s, when the telephone survey was used in the research area for he first tie, there has been existed various methods to gather the information by survey. The existing survey methodology called PAPI(Paper-And-Pen Interveiw), due to the appearance of Personal Computer, might well be developed progressively. Mid-1980s, Internet was advanced remarkably in terms of technology. from early 1990s, in addition it served as a stepping-stone for progressive collecting method. Internet Survey is now called WWW Survey and expected that it will substitute for most surveys from now on. We explain the role and the characteristics for Internet Survey as one of he various data collecting methods. Furthermore, we draw the futures about questionnaires, data collecting and statistical analysis with it.

• Journal of Science of Art and Design
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• v.5
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• pp.35-66
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• 2003

This article dealt with the formation and dissolution of tautological structure in the Frank Stella's work from 1959 to 1980 years by the analysis of signifier. A characteristic of Stella's work change is that it has the gradual progress which condensed into three periods -1) the formation and fixation period of tautological structure 2) the relaxation period of tautological structure and 3) the dissolution period of tautological structure. In other words, the early works of stella in the early 1960s has the structure which minimize differences in one hand, and maximize strictness, clearness, and identity on the other hand However, the stella's work from mid 1960s to mid 1970s extend differences gradually, while keeping a characteristic of prior work. And the stella's work after late 1970s has the decentered disintegration, namely anti-tautological structure which maximize differences. 'The formation and dissolution of tautological structure' in the Stella's work could be understood in relation to the fact that the Greenberg's modernist canon has loss the power gradually after late 1960s. That is to say, the dissolution of tautological structure in the late stella's work could be interpreted as the inevitable product which is produced in the searching for a new canon of painting. However, on the other hand, the structural change of stella's work in the late 20th Century is also understood in relation to the broader context, the social, and cultural context. Here, it is interpreted as the one of typical example which reflect a social and cultural convulsion designated as a 'Coming of Postmodernism'. In short, the late Stella's work which emphasize differences and unclearness, while diverging from early Stella's work which stress identity and rationality could be interpreted that it has the homology with the change of ways of thinking in the late 20th century Society.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.45-59
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• 1998

Regional agricultural research has been activated since the mid of 1980s by the government`s integrated rural development policy based on regional unit(kun). It is called upon to meet the challenges which the agriculture confronts in the general evolution of the society. However, regretfully it seems this new approach has not succeeded in developing its own theoretical tools for the diagnostic analysis of regional agriculture. So, this study would introduce the french agrarian system theory which has been developed by the interdisciplinary research groups of the France`s National Agricultural Research Institute, which is now filtering outside the country to various parts of the world. It attempts also to apply the above theory to analyse one of agricultural regions located in the province Cheollabukdo, so as to see its theoretical pertinency and efficiency in the regional agricultural development planning which constitute the main part of the regional planning.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.1-6
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• 2010

Objectives: This paper aims at addressing the importance of community-based health promotion. It would identify the origin of community health programs in Korea, which emphasized community involvement. And it would reveal the discontinuity of community-oriented health programs in the current health promotion activities. Finally, the methods of attaining community-based health promotion would be suggested. Results and Conclusion: Community-based health promotion had been implemented in rural areas by medical schools in the 1970s and 1980s, which emphasized the role of village health workers. But their roles has disappeared since the government-initiated health promotion policies and programs have been implemented in the mid-1990s. This paper addressed the factors contributing to this discontinuity, such as the expansion of heath insurance system, the change of health care discourses, the monopoly of resources for health promotion by government, and the bureaucratic approach to health promotion, etc. This paper suggested the utilization of voluntary and civic organizations in community for realizing the goal of community-based health promotion.

• Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.125-130
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• 2001

The sofa industry, which is now one of the major furniture industries in Korea, has developed since 1970s as the apartment building boom and the rise of living standards triggered its demand. Among others, durable and high-quality leather sofa had been most favored and excelled other sofas since mid-1980s along with the growth of national economy before IMF control tightened money market in late 1990s. Leather sofa is still favored and its industry has great possibilities to increase as people tend to seek higher and more personalized living conditions with the stabilization of economy. However, there are several problems in the sofa industry due to the current economic difficult conditions, i.e.; 1. It is hard to cut down the cost of raw material as the supply mostly depend on import. 2. It is hard to keep product quality due to technical difficulties. 3. There are still illegal duplicates of foreign or domestic competitors'design. The aim of this study is to examine the reality of the leather sofa industry in Korea and to suggest new vision for its progress.

• Publications of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.367-373
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• 2012

The first all-sky mid-/far-infrared survey by IRAS in the 1980s, has been followed by only two more, by AKARI, from 2006, and WISE in 2010. I discuss some features of the WISE survey, and highlight some key results from early extragalactic observations that have been made by the science team during the operation of the telescope, and the post-operation proprietary period during which the public release data products were being generated. The efficient survey strategy and very high-data rate from WISE produced a catalogue of 530 million objects that was released to the public in March 2012. The WISE survey strategy naturally provided the deepest coverage at the ecliptic poles, where matched comparison fields were obtained using Spitzer, and where AKARI also observed deep fields. I describe some of the follow-up work that has been carried out based on the WISE survey, and the prospects for enhancing the WISE data by combining the AKARI survey results are also discussed. While the all-sky AKARI survey is less deep than the WISE catalogue, and is still being worked on by the AKARI science team, it includes a larger number of bands, extends to longer wavelengths, and in particular has very complementary band passes to WISE in the mid-infrared waveband, which will provide enhanced spectral information for relatively bright targets.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.428-431
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• 2000

In the mid 1980's, the ITA(internal thoracic artery) graft was clearly recognized to be superior to the sapheonous vein graft in respect to long term patency. Therefore, there has been growing interest in the arterial conduit with the possibility of improving the long term result. We have been performing CABG with GEA since 1998 with the same purpose. For mid-term and long-term follow up, we have been performing postoperative coronary angiography. In this paper, a case of GEA spasm, a purported drawback of this conduit, during postoperative coronary anigiography and relieved by direct infusion of 200$\mu\textrm{g}$ isoket into the GEA is reported. The current case which exemplifies the spastic nature of RGEA is accompanied with coronary angiography.

• Honam Mathematical Journal
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 1980

논문(論文)[3] (본(本) 논문(論文) 제1부(第1部))에서 미분가능다양체(微分可能多樣體) M 위의 (n-1)차(次) 미분형식(微分型式) ${\beta}^{(n-1)}$이 Compact인 Carrier를 가지면 ${\int}d{\beta}^{(n-1)}=0$이며, (p-1)차(次) 미분형식(微分型式) ${\beta}^{(p-1)}$과 p차(次) 미분가능쇄(微分可能쇄鎖) $C^{(p)}=\Sigma\limits_ik_iS_i{^{(p)}}$에 대(對)하여 ${\int\limits_{c^{(p)}}}d{\beta}^{(p-1)}={\int\limits_{{\partial}{c}^{(p)}}}{\beta}^{(p-1)}$이 성립(成立) (Stokes 정리(定理)의 일반화(一般化))⋯등(等) M위의 적분(積分)에 관한 여러 가지 성질(性質)들을 구명(究明)하였다. 이 성질(性質)들을 토태(土台)로 하여 본(本) 논문(論文)에서는; 제2절(第2節)에서 미분가능다양체(微分可能多樣體) M위의 Lie 도함수(導函數)의 정의(定義)와 Lie적분(微分)에 관(關)한 여러가지 성질(性質)들을 고찰(考察)하고, 제3절(第3節)에서 div X와 Laplace 작용소(作用素) ${\Delta}f$의 정의(定義) 및 실(實) n차원(次元) 가부호미분가능(可符號微分可能) 다양체(多樣體) M 위에서의 divX와 ${\Delta}f$의 적분(積分)에 관(關)한 성질(性質), 즉(卽) $V=\sqrt{{\mid}g{\mid}}dx^1{\Lambda}{\cdots}{\Lambda}dx^n{\in}A^n(M)$에 대(對)하여 $$\int_MdivXV\limits=\int_M{\Delta}fv=0$$인 관계(關係)가 성립(成立)함을 구명(究明)한다. (정리(定理) 3.3)