• Atmosphere
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.187-197
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• 2012

This study investigates the relationship between the Korean temperature and the atmospheric circulation such as Arctic Oscillation, Siberian High and Aleutian Low during the winter (December-January) for the period of 1970-2011. It is found that all indices to represent aforementioned circulations are significantly correlated with Korean winter temperature for the period of 1970 - 2011. There are marked contrasts in such relationship, however, before and after the mid-1980s when a significant regime shift of Korean winter temperature occurred. While Korean winter temperature has a close relationship with Arctic Oscillation after the mid-1980s, its relationship with Siberian High and Aleutian Low is weakened. The composite analysis between a positive and negative phase of Arctic Oscillation before and after the mid-1980s is conducted to examine a recent strengthening of Arctic Oscillation-Korean winter temperature relationship. It is found that the structural changes of low-level wind and the geopotential height at 500 hPa between the two phases of Arctic Oscillation are more effective to influence Korean winter temperature after the mid-1980s. This may induce a close relationship between the Korean winter temperature variability and Arctic Oscillation after the mid-1980s compared to before the mid-1980s.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.171-184
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• 2011

This paper is purposed to clarify that an increase of the matter of concern about men's fashion in the mid-1980s was coincided with rapid change of images for men and diversification within the context of economy, society, culture and to analyze the characteristic of each fashion and the meaning. Findings are as follows: 'New men' played a key role creating and communicating the new male image through the media, as a new masculine appeared in the middle of 1980s. Especially it was spreaded into with British as a center between the generations of young men described as a white-collar worker about the ages from 18 to 35 specifically and appeared by the cultural background in accordance with the spread of consumerism, materialism and post modern feminism and the development of men's fashion. There were 2 types of fashion styles for 'New men' image on the media in the mid-1980s. The First is 'power suit look style' which is self-conscious, including 'corporate formal suit look' and 'soft & sexy suit look'. The Second is 'extravagant body conscious style' which characterize the decolletage and androgynous, including 'tough sports look' and 'sexy skirt look'. Lastly, the 'New men' image means a man as a visible object and a man in the image world.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.200-210
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• 2009

The modern era of water quality modeling in the United States began in the 1960s. Pushed by advances in computer technology as well as environmental sciences, water quality modeling evolved through five broad periods: (1) initial model development with mainframe computers (1960s - mid 1970s), (2) model refinement and generalization with minicomputers (mid 1970s - mid 1980s), (3) model standardization and support with microcomputers (mid 1980s - mid 1990s), (4) better model access and performance with faster desktop computers running Windows and local area networks linked to the Internet (mid 1990s - early 2000s), and (5) model integration and widespread use of the Internet (early 2000s - present). Improved computer technology continues to drive improvements in water quality models, including more detailed environmental analysis (spatially and temporally), better user interfaces and GIS software, more accessibility to environmental data from on-line repositories, and more robust modeling frameworks linking hydrodynamics, water quality, watershed and atmospheric models. Driven by regulatory needs and advancing technology, water quality modeling will continue to improve to better address more complicated water bodies and pollutant types, and more complicated management questions. This manuscript describes historical trends in water quality model development in the United States, reviews current efforts, and projects promising future directions.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.93-107
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• 1998

The purpose of this paper is to examine the change in the regional characteristics of Y${\={o}}$ju as its economic base has been shifted. From Chosun Dynasty to the mid 1960s, Y${\={o}}$ju had been known as a core of rice production, utilizing favorable natural conditions and well developed river transportation system, with commercial and administrative functions. From the mid 1960s to the mid 1980s, Y${\={o}}$ju had been excluded from the process of the national industrilization, which made Y${\={o}}$ju remain lagged. The transportation system was blocked and the industrial investment in this area was prevented by a variety of restrictive laws. Since the mid 1980s, Y${\={o}}$ju entered into a prosperous are as the land transportation system began to be dramatically improved and some of the restrictions were alleviated. Tecently, diversification and commercialization in the agricultural sector have progressed in land use. In the manufacturing sector, Y${\={o}}$ju becomes a core of the pottery industry in tems of the total amount of its production.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.54 no.2
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• pp.208-217
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• 2021

This study described the fishing characteristics of Pacific herring Clupea pallasii and examined the relationship between its catch and sea temperature in Korean waters from 1970 to 2019. Although the herring catch in Korean waters stayed below 1,000 tons per year from the mid-1970s to mid-1980s, the catch in the winters in the East Sea of Korea started to increase markedly after 1987-1988, when the sea surface temperature (SST) seemed to shift to a warmer regime. Since the mid-2000s, overall, herring was caught throughout the year in the East Sea and eastern South Sea of Korea, and its catch significantly increased by around 30,000 tons per year. The main fishing grounds of herring in the poor fishing years until the mid-1980s were possibly formed in the western offshore of Korea, and subsequently the fishing grounds were distributed in the eastern coast of Korea. While the standardized catch per unit effort (CPUE) for two main fisheries of herring catch was significantly correlated with the herring catch since the 2000s, there was a gradual decline since the 2010s. The herring catch in the East Sea had significant positive correlations with SSTs, but that in the West Sea had a significant negative correlation.

• Ocean Science Journal
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.255-260
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• 2006

Long-term variability in the intermediate layer of the eastern Japan Basin has been investigated to understand the variability of water mass formation in the East Sea. The simultaneous decrease of temperature at shallower depths and oxygen increasing at deeper depths in the intermediate layer took place in the late 1960's sand the mid-1980's. Records of winter sea surface temperatures and air temperatures showed that there were cold winters that persisted for several years during those periods. Therefore, it was assumed that a large amount of newly-formed water was supplied to the intermediate layer during those cold winters. Close analysis suggests that the formation of the Upper Portion of Proper Water occurred in the late 1960's and the Central Water in the mid-1980's.

• Atmosphere
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.7-10
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• 2004

A short review on TOTO (TOtable Tornado Observatory), one of the earliest in-situ observing systems for tornado, is provided. TOTO was outfitted with sensors for measuring wind, pressure and humidity, and storm researchers, in mid-1980's, tried to put it inside tornadoes for detailed studies on tornado, but failed. However, the accumulated knowledge and experience with TOTO lead to a successful field program in mid-1990's. A story about DOROTHY, a parody of TO TO in the movie "Twister!", is also provided.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.89-99
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• 2010

Newcastle disease (ND), caused by Newcastle disease virus (NDV), has caused periodic epidemics in Korea at an interval of 3 to 5 years until the early 2000s. At least five distinct genotypes of NDV have been responsible for epizootic episodes in Korea; genotype III virus (before the 1970s), genotype V (the mid-1980s), genotype VI (the late 1980s to early 1990s), genotype VIIa (the mid-1990s), and genotype VIId viruses (the late 1990s to present). Recent epidemic strains of NDV (VIId viruses) shared geographical features with neighboring countries such as China and Japan. These VIId viruses as well as genotypes III and V viruses were viscerotropic and highly virulent for chickens. Antigenic variation occurred between VIId field viruses and LaSota vaccine strain, as found in other epidemic strains in past in Korea. Nevertheless the commercial vaccine was considered to effectively protect vaccinated birds from mortality against VIId viruses as well as other viruses belonging to genotypes III and V.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.147-158
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• 1999

This study focused on situational simularity of psychedelic expressed in the mid-1960s with culture including costume in the end of 20th century. So this study is composed of psychedelic concept and the comparision of temporal background and general characteristics of psychedelia in the 1960s and 1990s and relationship with Art-Nouveau which has originated psychedelia and psycheelic image including mysticism play illusionism and narcissism. The New psychedelic revival of the early 1980s came at a time when as in the mid-1960s the world's attentions were firmly focused on British youth. The same could be said of the mid-1990s when 'BriPop' once again has international appeal and the result has been a kind of New New Psychedelic revival with all manner of British youth styles from the 1960s blended together. The swirling patterns hallucinogenic colors and space-aged designs of the psychedelics have become a symbolic representation of cocktail of youth sex and optimism

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.20-39
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• 2002

The purpose of this study is to analyze the characteristics of a life cycle of a theme park through looking at Everland in Yongin, Korea. The life cycle of Everland is divided into four stages. In "initial development" stage(1976 - the mid-80's), Everland become inclined the characteristics of an amusement park by constructing the amusement facilities in the Flower Center(botanical garden). In "growth" stage(the mid-80's - the early 90's), Everland had full grown to the amusement park and inclined to a theme park. In "maturity" stage(the early 90's - the mid-90's), many visitors were not motivated to re-visit Everland because the facilities and events did not change often. Therefore, Everland makes plans for multiple theme park. In "rejuvenation" stage(after the mid-90's), Everland has practiced the plans for multiple theme park and has become the family and accommodating-oriented theme resort park. Since 1976 when Everland was opened, it has evolved from an amusement park to a theme park by creating various and continuous innovations in facilities and events.