• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.5-13
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• 1972

There are some repels in which they studied on the change of acid-consuming capacity of aluminium hydroxide resulted from the passing of time. However, the relationship between grain sizes(particle sizes) and the acid-consuming capacity of dried aluminium hydroxide gel was not been studied. And studies on the grain sizes of aluminium hydroxide gel qualified by pharmacopoeia of Korea has not been reported. For the purpose of studying these two problems, the author prepared two-kinds of aluminium hydroxide gel as follows : $Na_2OAl_2O_3+CO_2------{\longrightarrow}Al(OH)_3{\cdots}{\cdots}{\cdots}$sample 1 $Al_2(SO_4)_318H_2O+6NaHCO_3{\longrightarrow}Al(OH)_3{\cdots}{\cdots}{\cdots}$sample 2 Both of sample 1 and 2 are found to be amorphous by X-ray diffraction methods, and their acid-consuming capacities were determined by the method of pharmacopeia of Korea. The grain size was measured by X-ray diffraction method, the particle sizes observed by electron microscopy, and the change of acid-consuming capacity with passing of time was determined by the method of pharmacopoeia of Korea. The results of these studies are summerized as follows: 1. The grain size was linearly enlarged as the time goes by. The aluminium hydroxide gel gradually crystallized in a certain period of time. 2. The acid-consuming capacity was in exponential function, decreased as the grain size of them enlarged. 3. One particle consists of tens of grains.4. Grinding the Sample obtained in any period of testing time in mortar did not change both their grain size and their acid-consuming capacity. 5. The grain size of dried aluminium hydroxide gel ought to be micronized less than $100{\AA}$ for maintaining the ability such as consumes 250m1 of 0. 1N-HC1 solution per Is of $Al(OH)_3$ described in pharmacopoeia of Korea.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제28권9호
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• pp.1335-1344
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• 2015

A set of prediction equations to estimate the nitrogen-corrected apparent metabolizable energy (AMEn) of individual ingredients and diets used in the poultry feed industry was evaluated. The AMEn values of three energy ingredients (maize, sorghum and defatted maize germ meal), four protein ingredients (soybean meal, maize gluten meal 60% crude protein, integral micronized soy and roasted whole soybean) and four diets (three containing four feedstuffs, complex diets, and one containing only corn-soybean meal, basal diet) were determined using a metabolism assay with male broilers from 1 to 7, 8 to 21, 22 to 35, and 36 to 42 days old. These values were compared to the AMEn values presented in the tables of energy composition or estimated by equation predictions based on chemical composition data of feedstuffs. In general, the equation predictions more precisely estimated the AMEn of feedstuffs when compared to the tables of energy composition. The equation AMEn (dry matter [DM] basis) = 4,164.187+51.006 ether extract (% in DM basis)-197.663 ash-35.689 crude fiber (% in DM basis)-20.593 neutral detergent fiber (% in DM basis) ($R^2=0.75$) was the most applicable for the prediction of the energy values of feedstuffs and diets used in the poultry feed industry.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.205-210
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• 1992

In order to develop a controlled-release oral drug delivery system (DDS) of theophylline (TP), microporous membrane-coated tablets were prepared and evaluated in vitro and in vivo. Rapidly water-soluble core tablets of TP (300 mg) were prepared by wet granulation and compression technique, Then the core tablets were spray-coated with polyvinylchloride (PVC) in which micronized sucrose particles were dispersed. Effect of formula compositions of coating suspensions on the pharmaceutical characteristics such as membrane strength and dissolution was investigated in vitro. The membranes remained unbroken in pH 1.2 buffer at $37^{\circ}C$ at least for 2 hours after the disintergration test. TP was released from the coated-released tablets at a zero-order rate over 8 hours. The release at pH 1.2 and 4.0 was similar in rate but a little more rapid than that at pH 6.8. The coated tablets were administered to three healthy male volunteers and their saliva profiles of TP were compared with those from the commercial sustained release TP tablets such as Slobid and Asconthin. Saliva TP concentrations from the coated tablets were successfully sustained over 48 hours after the dosing and were comparable to those of the commercial sustained-release tablets. The membrane-coating technique is very simple and does not need any sophisticated equipments. In this respect, the membrane-coated tablets may be superior to the commercial sustained-release tablets and this technique is worth adopting by the pharmaceutical industries.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.151-160
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• 1990

In order to develop a controlled-release oral drug delivery system (DDS) which sustains the plasma acetaminophen (AAP) concentration for a certain period of time, microporous membrane-coated tablets were prepared and evaluated in vitro. Firstly, highly water-soluble core tablet of AAP were prepared with various formulations by wet granulation and compression technique. Then the core tablets were coated with polyvinychloride (PVC) in which micronized sucrose particles were dispersed. Effect of formula compositions of core tablets and coating suspensions on the pharmaceutical characteristics such as drug release kinetics and membrane stability of the coated tablets was investigated in vitro. AAP was released from the coated tablets as a zero-order rate in a pH-independent manner. This independency of AAP release to pH change from 1.2 to 7.2 is favorable for the controlled oral drug delivery, since it will produce a constant drug release in the stomach and intestine regardless of the pH change in the GI tract. Drug release could be extended upto 10 h according to the coating condition. The release rate could be controlled by changing the formula compositions of the core tablets and coating suspensions, coat weight per each tablet, and especially PVC/sucrose ratio and particle size of the sucrose in the coating suspension. The coated tablets prepared in this study had a fairly good pharmaceutical characteristics in vitro, however, overall evaluation of the coated tablet should await in vivo absorption study in man.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제48권3호
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• pp.262-267
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• 2021

Objective: Progesterone application for luteal phase support is a well-established concept in in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment. Water-soluble subcutaneous progesterone injections have shown pregnancy rates equivalent to those observed in patients receiving vaginal administration in randomized controlled trials. Our study aimed to investigate whether the results from those pivotal trials could be reproduced in daily clinical practice in an unselected patient population. Methods: In this retrospective cohort study in non-standardized daily clinical practice, we compared 273 IVF cycles from 195 women undergoing IVF at our center for luteal phase support with vaginal administration of 200 mg of micronized progesterone three times daily or subcutaneous injection of 25 mg of progesterone per day. Results: Various patient characteristics including age, weight, height, number of oocytes, and body mass index were similar between both groups. We observed no significant differences in the clinical pregnancy rate (CPR) per treatment cycle between the subcutaneous (39.9%) and vaginal group (36.5%) (p=0.630). Covariate analysis showed significant correlations of the number of transferred embryos and the total dosage of stimulation medication with the CPR. However, after adjustment of the CPR for these covariates using a regression model, no significant difference was observed between the two groups (odds ratio, 0.956; 95% confidence interval, 0.512-1.786; p=0.888). Conclusion: In agreement with randomized controlled trials in study populations with strict selection criteria, our study determined that subcutaneous progesterone was equally effective as vaginally applied progesterone in daily clinical practice in an unselected patient population.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.41-48
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• 2010

목 적: 체외수정시술 시 황체기 보강은 근주, 경질, 경구 등의 다양한 방법으로 이루어지고 있는데, 경구 투여법은 환자의 순응도가 높고 비교적 안전한 방법이다. 본 연구에서는 황체기 보강을 근주로 시작하여 경구 투여로 전환하는 방법의 효용성과 전환 시기에 따른 결과를 비교 분석하고자 하였다. 연구방법: 2003년 9월부터 2009년 6월까지 분당서울대학교병원에서 체외수정시술을 시행받은 환자에서 배아 이식 후 태아 심박동까지 확인된 76주기를 대상으로 하였다. 과배란유도는 GnRH agonist long protocol (n=7) 또는 GnRH antagonist protocol (n=66)을 이용하였으며 3주기에서는 냉동배아 이식을 시행하였다. 황체기 보강을 위하여 난자 채취일부터 매일 progest in oil 50 mg을 근주하였고, 태아 심박동이 확인된 후 임신 6~7주 (n=17) 또는 8주 이후 (n=59)에 micronized progesterone (Utrogestan, Laboratoires Besins International, France) 300 mg을 매일 경구로 투여하였다. 결 과: 대상군 전체의 유산율은 3.9% (3/76)이었으며, 경구 투여 전환시의 임신 주수는 평균 8주 4일 (난자 채취일로부터 $46{\pm}5.8$일)이었다. 황체기 보강을 임신 6~7주 사이에 경구 투여로 전환한 17주기 중에서 1례의 자연유산이 확인되었으며 유산 시 주수는 9주 4일이었다. 8주 이후에 경구 투여로 전환한 59주기 중에서는 2례의 자연유산이 확인되었으며 (11주 3일, 11주 4일), 두 군의 자연유산율은 각각 5.6%와 3.4%로 두 군 간에 통계적으로 유의한 차이는 없었다 (p=0.678). 결 론: 체외수정시술 후 황체기 보강을 시행하는 경우 태아 심박동이 확인된 이후에 근주 투여를 경구 투여로 전환하는 방법은 비교적 낮은 유산율을 보임을 확인하였으며, 특히 8주 이전에 전환하는 것도 유용한 방법이라 사료된다.

• 한국결정성장학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.115-122
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• 2019

제강분진(Electric arc furnace dust)은 제강공정에서 발생하는 분진폐기물로서 중금속을 다량 포함하고 있어 관리가 매우 중요하다. 제강분진은 아연, 철 등의 유가금속을 다량 함유하고 있기 때문에 최근 이를 재활용하는 연구가 활발하게 진행 중이며, 본 연구에서는 전처리 과정 없이 제강분진을 청색 계열의 세라믹 안료의 코발트를 대체할 수 있는 원료로 사용하였다. 또한 합성된 청색 세라믹 안료를 잉크젯 프린팅용 세라믹 잉크로 개발하기 위해 미립화 과정에서의 입도 분포, 결정 구조 및 발색 특성 변화에 대해 고찰하였다. 제강분진이 첨가된 $Co_{0.75}Zn(EAFD)_{0.25}Al_2O_4$ 세라믹 안료는 우수한 청색 발색 특성을 보이며, 어트리션 밀링(Attrition Milling)을 이용한 미립화 공정을 통하여 단정(monomodal) 분포의 입도를 확보할 수 있었다. 3시간 밀링 후 $Co_{0.75}Zn(EAFD)_{0.25}Al_2O_4$ 세라믹 안료의 평균 입도는 $0.271{\mu}m$로 제강분진이 첨가되지 않은 $CoAl_2O_4$ 세라믹 안료의 5시간 밀링 후의 평균 입도인 $0.303{\mu}m$보다 더욱 작은 것을 확인하였다. 특히, $Co_{0.75}Zn(EAFD)_{0.25}Al_2O_4$ 세라믹 안료는 미립화 공정 중 발색 변화(${\Delta}E{^*}_{ab}$) 값이 5.67로 $CoAl_2O_4$ 보다 작아서 더 우수한 발색 특성을 보이는 것으로 확인되었다. 이러한 결과는 분진폐기물인 제강분진을 어떠한 전처리 과정 없이 고가의 코발트를 대체하여 청색 계열의 세라믹 안료의 원료로 사용할 수 있다는 것을 보여주고 있다.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2013

Recently Digital TV industry has drastically been moving the illuminating system, which causes an obvious product change from PDP and LCD to LED model to provide high-definition image. Due to strong competition in the digital industry, TV manufacturers make a great efforts to reduce production cost by using low-priced materials such as steels instead of aluminum and plastic etc. In this paper we have developed a new low-priced electrogalvanized steel sheet, which has a black resin composite layer, to substitute conventional high-priced PCM steel and plastic mold for rear cover panel in the digital TV. The black resin composite was prepared by mechanical dispersion of the mixture solution that consists of high solid polyester resin, melamine hardener, black pigment, micronized silica paste, polyacrylate texturing particle and miscellaneous additives. The composite solution was coated on the steel sheet using roll coater followed by induction furnace curing and cooling. Although the coated layer has a half thickness compared to the conventional PCM steels having $23{\mu}m$ thickness, it exhibits excellent quality for the usage of rear cover panel. The new steel sheet was applied to test products to get quality certification from worldwide electronic appliance customers. Detailed discussion provides in this paper including preparation of composite solution, roll coating technology, induction curing technology and quality evaluation from customers.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.583-588
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• 2002

비지로부터 두 균주를 순수분리하여 동정한 결과 Ent. faecium LL과 L. rhmnosus LS로 확인되었다. 분리된 균을 대두 미세분말용액에서 발효정도를 알아보기 위하여 pH, 산도, 생균수 및 유기산 함량을 측정하였다 Ent. faecium LL은 대두미세분말 용액에서 발효시 pH 4.9, 산도 0.38%, 생균수 1.8$\times$$10^{9}$ CFU/$m\ell$로 젖산생성 및 높은 생균수를 나타내었다. L. rhamnosus LS는 대두미세분말 용액에서는 4.6$\times$$10^{8}$ CFU/mL의 생균수를 나타냈지만 젖산의 생성은 매우 미흡하였다. 그러나 대두미세분말 용액에 당을 첨가하거나 skim milk를 첨가할때 산생성이 급격히 증가되었다. 대두미세분말과 skim milk 4 : 1 혼합액에서 Ent. faecium LL과 L. rhamnosus LS에 의한 젖산발효는 37$^{\circ}C$에서 20시간 안에 curd를 형성하였으며, 각각 0.33% 및 0.77%의 산도와 $10^{8}$ ~$10^{9}$ CFU/$m\ell$정도의 생균수를 보였다. HPLC 분석에서 생성된 젖산의 농도는 L. rhamnosus LS가 600 mg%로 Ent. faecium LL의 350 mg%보다 높았다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.904-909
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• 2005

일본 청국장에서 분리된 Bacillus firmus NA-1를 이용하여 비지의 수분함량, 생대두미세분말첨가 및 발효시간에 따른 비지 발효물의 혈전용해효소, 점질물, 펩타이드생산 및 풍미 개선 효과를 알아보았다. 비살균 D-비지는 30시간 이상부터 청국장 발효가 진행되는 반면, 살균 D-비지는 18시간부터 고초균 발효에 의하여 pH가 증가하였으며 혈전분해효소, 펩타이드 함량이 비살균 D-비지보다 높은 값을 보였다 P-비지의 경우는 18시간 발효시에 가장 높은 pH, tyrisone 함량과 혈전용해효소활성을 나타냈다. 또한 P-비지를 건조하여 초기수분함량을 $60\%$로 낮추었을 때 발효비지물의 펩타이드 함량과 혈전용해분해효소활성이 증가하였다. p-비지에 전지활성 생대두미세분말을 $10\%$수준으로 첨가함으로써 혈전분해효소 및 펩타이드 함량이 증가되는 효과를 보였으며, 점질물의 생성에 따른 점조도 값의 증가를 나타내었다. 특히, 콩미세분말을 $20\%$ 수준으로 첨가하여 발효시킨 비지는 고유한 청국장의 풍미를 나타내었으며, 건조시킨 발효비지물의 조단백질함량은 $27.3\%$를 나타내었다. 따라서 비지의 고초균 발효시에 전지활성 생대두미세분말의 첨가는 비지의 초기수분함량을 낮추면서, 고초균 발효의 촉진을 통한 콩 펩타이드 및 혈전용해효소의 증가, 점질물 생산, 풍미 개선을 비롯하여 발효비지의 단백질 보강이 가능하였다.