• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.185-192
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• 2009

Chungkookjang fermenting Bacillus subtilis 028-1 strain suppressed the growth of Staphylococcus sp. LS2, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and Candida albicans. B. subtilis 028-1 strain produced antibiotic effectively in the medium of 2% soybean meal and 1% maltose as a disaccharide, when the shaking was continued 15~18 h and the pH of culture medium was maintained under 6.5. The antibiotic activity was optimized when the initial pH of the culture medium of test strain was adjusted with weak alkali, was remained after 20 min of boiling and for more than 1 month in room temperature, and was weakened slowly by the digestion of chymotrypsin and papain. The molecular weight of the antibiotic was identified between 500 and 1,000 dalton by dialysis, and antibiotic substance was considered as not surfactin but a member of iturin family because of the absence of fibrinolytic activity.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.50-53
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• 2002

The optimum temperature and pH for mycelial growth of B. bassiana DGUM 34001 were $24^{\circ}C$ and pH 7.0, respectively. Among the complex media used, mushroom complex medium (MCM) was the most favorable for mycelial growth. When Czapek-Dox medium was used as a minimal medium, glucose was an excellent source for carbon and energy. Soytone and sodium phosphate were favorable constituent for culture medium as a source of organic nitrogen and phosphorus, respectively. When the fungus was grown in MCM broth, the specific activity of extracellular enzyme of ${\alpha}$-amylase, lipase, chitinase, CMCase and pretease were 297.0, 0.058, 0.33, 0.21 and 22.8 units/mg protein, respectively. When various sources of organic nitrogen and chitin were supplemented to determine the production of enzymes, casein and soluble chitosan enhanced the production of extracellular protease and chitinase.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.191-196
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• 1983

A Corynebacterium sp. capable of utilizing diaminododecane (DAD) were isolated from the soil by enrichment culture. Among 9 different kinds of substituted alkanes containing CN, $NH_2$, Cl, and SH groups (monoterminally or diterminally substituted) tested as carbon source, the isolate, designated as DAD 2-3, utilized DAD, putrescine dihydrochloride, dodecane and laurylamine. Dodecanethiol, thioanisole, decanedithiol, dicyanooctane, laurylcyanide,and dichlorodecane were not utilized. When emulgen 950 was added to the medium, the growth of DAD 2-3 was slightly accelerated. Isolate DAD 2-3 grown in the medium with DAD as carbon source formed .alpha.-ketoglutaric acid. Metabolic product of DAD 2-3 grown in a medium without nitrogen source was different from that of grown in a medium with $NH_4NO_3$. When glucose, putrescine, n-dodecane and other alkane derivatives were tested in place of DAD, isolate DAD 2-3 yielded products different from those they formed with DAD suggesting specificity of DAD as a carbon source.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.506-513
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• 1999

The growth of lactic acid bacteria was investigated in liquid broth medium containing organic germanium compound(Ge-132, carboxyethylgermanium sesquioxide) in the range of 0.01 to 10mg/ml. Most of all lactic acid bacteria tested were tolerant and could grow better to the high Ge-132 concentration. However, the growth of Leuconostoc mesenteroides and Pediococcus pentosaceus were inhibited in the presence of 10mg/m1 Ge-132. Among 22 strains tested, lactic acid bacteria that were grown to a high degree(about 2 times) by addition of Ge-132 (10mg/ml)were Lactococcus lactis, Lc. cremoris, Lc. diacetilactis, Enterococcus faecium and Streptococcus faecalis. The growth of these strains were markedly accelerated in the culture medium supplemented with 1.omg/ml Ge-132 The optimal concentration of glucose for growth of Lc. lactic was found to be high in medium containing Ge-132 as compared with the case of control. During cultivation viscosity in culture broths of Lc. lactis and Lc. cremoris was rapidly elevated by adding Ge-132 to medium containing high concentration of glucose, and then decreased after incubation of long time. However, in the cultivation of Lc. diacetilactis, E, faecium and S. faecalis, viscosity of culture broths was not increased, even though Ge-132 was shown to be an effective stimulant of growth.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.253-259
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• 2003

To assess microbiological indoor air quality in kindergartens, concentrations of viable airborne microorganisms were seasonally determined at three kindergartens in Ulsan from April, 2002 to January, 2003. Sampling was performed with an impaction-type air sampler and three different media. The numbers of bacteria grown on Staphylococcus medium were between 84 and 4,150 MPN/m3 with an average of 827 MPN/m3, and those on standard method agar ranged from 50 to 2,636 MPN/m3 with an average of 580 MPN/m3. The bacterial concentrations were highest in summer, followed by fall, spring, and winter, and were significantly correlated with indoor temperature. Among the colonies, 45.6~61.0% were observed as Gram-positive cocci and 8.5~20.6% were Gramnegative rods. Micrococcus species were the dominant organisms. The numbers of fungi ranged from 0 to 1,888 MPN/m3(661 MPN/m3 average) based on colony counts with dichloran rose bengal chloramphenicol agar. On average, the fungal concentrations were highest in summer and lowest in winter. Penicillium species and Aspergillus species were identified from the colonies. The obtained data can be utilized as a step to set a guideline for bioaerosols in indoor environment of schools.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.79-82
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• 2001

The influence of levulinic acid (LA) on the production of copolyester consisting of 3-hydroxybutyrate (3HB) and 3-hydroxyvalerate (3HV) by Ralstonia eutropha was investigated. Addition of LA into the culture medium greatly increased the molar fraction of 3HV in the copolyester, indicating that LA can be utilized as a precursor of 3HV. In shake flask culture, the 3HV content in the copolyester increased from 7 to 75 mol% by adding 0.5 to 4.0 g/L LA to the medium containing fructose syrup as a main carbon source. A maximal copolyester concentration of 3.6 g/L (69% of dry cell weight) was achieved with a 3HV content of 40 mo1% in a jar fermentor culture containing 4.0 g/L of LA. When LA (total concentration, 4 g/L) was added repeatedly into a fermentor culture to maintain its concentration at a low level, the copolyester content and the 3HV yield from LA reached up to 85% of dry cell weight and 5.0 g/g, respectively, which were significantly higher than those when the same concentration of the LA was supplied al1 at once. The present results indicated that LA is more effective than propionate or valerate as a cosubstrate fur the production of copolyesters with varying molar fractions of 3HV by R. eutropha.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.43-49
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• 2011

As a rare sugar alcohol, L-arabitol can be used in food and can prevent extra fat deposits in the intestinal tract. Commercially, L-arabitol is prepared from pure L-arabinose by hydrogenation, which needs a high temperature and high pressure, leading to a high production cost for Larabitol. Therefore, this study describes a novel L-arabitol production method based on biological purification from the xylitol mother liquor, a cheap and readily available raw material that contains a high concentration of Larabitol. First, a novel Bacillus megaterium strain was screened that can utilize xylitol, sorbitol, and mannitol, yet not L-arabitol. The isolated strain was inoculated into a medium containing the xylitol mother liquor under formulated culture conditions, where a high L-arabitol yield (95%) and high purity (80%) were obtained when the medium was supplemented with 50 g/l of xylitol mother liquor. Upon further purification of the fermentation broth by ion exchange and decolorization, L-arabitol was crystallized with a purity of 98.5%.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.230-238
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• 2010

A microbial strain having high keratinase activity was isolated from the soil of poultry factories of Gyeonggi or Chungcheong-do. The isolated strain was identified as Bacillus sp. based on its morphological and biochemical characteristics. In this study, the optimal conditions for the production of keratinase by this strain were investigated. The optimal medium composition for the keratinase production was determined to be 3.5% chicken feather as carbon source, 1.0% tryptone as organic nitrogen source, 1.0% $KNO_3$ as inorganic nitrogen source and 0.05% KCl, 0.05% $KH_2PO_4$, 0.03% $K_2HPO_4$ as mineral source and 0.01% yeast extract as growth factor. The optimal temperature and pH was $40^{\circ}C$ and 8.5 with shaking culture (200 rpm), respectively. The maximum keratinase production reached to 123 units/ml after 42 hr of cultivation under the optimal condition. When the hair was used as the sole carbon source, the maximum enzyme activity was 88 units/ml after 120 hr and in this case, the hair added in the medium was not degraded completely but got thinner than the control by 20%.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.167-174
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• 1972

Effects of 13 organic compounds including glucose, fructose, xylose, glutamate, succinate, malate, glycine, lactate, acetate, pyruvate, citrate, formate and cis-aconitate on the oxidation of thiosulfate and the availability of these compounds as the substrate for the respiration by Thiobacillus ocncretivorus, which is known to be an obligated autotroph, were studied. Malate nad glycine at 0.5 per cent concentration nearly doubled the thiosulfate oxidation compared to the control. No other organic substances enhanced the thiosulfate oxidation compared to the control. No other organic substances enhanced the thiosulfate oxidation. Moreover, some 30 to 40 per cent decrease was recorded by fructose, sulfate-salts medium, some 30 to 40 per cent decrease was recorded by fructose, citrate, xylose, malate, flucose, glutamate and succinate. No respiration could occur when formate and pyruvate were supplied as the substrate for respiration. But it was obvious that flucose, fructose, xylose, glutamate, malate, citrate and succinate could be used as the substrate for respiration to some extent, regarding the fact that some increase in respiration rates could be recorded compared to the result from the salts medium, where neither thiosulfate nor orgnic compounds were added. Thus, it was postulated that this organism could possibly be converted into mixotroph or hetrotroph if appropriate conditions could be prepared.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.20-25
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• 2002

An extracellular PHB depolymerase was purified from P. simplicissimum LAR13 cultural medium by Sepharose CL-6B chromatography. When the fungus was grown in a basal salt medium with poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) as the sole carbon source, PHB depolymerase production reached maximum at its stationary phase. The mycelial growth rate was higher at 37$^{\circ}C$ than at 30$^{\circ}C$ and even higher than at 25$^{\circ}C$, However, the enzyme production was lower at 37$^{\circ}C$ than 30$^{\circ}C$ or 25$^{\circ}C$. The isolated enzyme is composed of a single polypeptide chain with a molecular mass of about 36 kDa as determined by SDS-PAGE. The optimum conditions for the enzyme activity are pH 5.0 and 45$^{\circ}C$. The enzyme was stable for 30 min at a temperature lower than 50$^{\circ}C$, and stable at pH higher than 2.0 but it was unstable at pH 1.0.1 mM Fe$\^$2+/ reduced the enzyme activity by 56% and the enzyme was inhibited almost completely by 4 mM Fe$\^$2+/ . The enzyme was partially inhibited by phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride and was very sensitive to diazo-DL-norleucine methyl esters dithiothreitol and mercuric ion. However, N-p - tosyl - L - Iysinechloromethyl ketone, p -hydroxymercuricbenzoate and N- acetylimidazole had no influence upon its activity.