• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.13 no.10
• /
• pp.4365-4370
• /
• 2012

AZ31 Mg alloy were coated by Macro Arc Oxidation(MAO) with 3 types of electrolyte and various coating times at 4A/$cm^2$. The Surface morphology of coatings became lager pores and surface crack initiated as the coating time increased. The thickness and micro-hardness of coatings increased as the coating time increased. also. The phase of coatings on AZ31 alloy consisted of MgO, $Mg_2SiO_4$ and $MgAl_2O_4$ oxides. The salt spray corrosion resistance of coated AZ31 alloys revealed excellent corrosion resistance in 5% NaCl solution for 168hr.

• Korean Journal of Metals and Materials
• /
• v.56 no.12
• /
• pp.900-909
• /
• 2018

A $ZnO/TiO_2$ photocatalyst decorated with PbS quantum dots (QDs) was synthesized to achieve high photocatalytic efficiency for the decomposition of dye in aqueous media. A $TiO_2$ porous layer, as a precursor photocatalyst, was fabricated using micro-arc oxidation, and exhibited irregular porous cells with anatase and rutile crystalline structures. Then, a ZnO-deposited $TiO_2$ catalyst was fabricated using a zinc acetate solution, and PbS QDs were uniformly deposited on the surface of the $ZnO/TiO_2$ photocatalyst using the successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR) technique. For the PbS $QDs/ZnO/TiO_2$ photocatalyst, ZnO and PbS nanoparticles are uniformly precipitated on the $TiO_2$ surface. However, the diameters of the PbS particles were very fine, and their shape and distribution were relatively more homogeneous compared to the ZnO particles on the $TiO_2$ surface. The PbS QDs on the $TiO_2$ surface can induce changes in band gap energy due to the quantum confinement effect. The effective band gap of the PbS QDs was calculated to be 1.43 eV. To evaluate their photocatalytic properties, Aniline blue decomposition tests were performed. The presence of ZnO and PbS nanoparticles on the $TiO_2$ catalysts enhanced photoactivity by improving the absorption of visible light. The PbS $QDs/ZnO/TiO_2$ heterojunction photocatalyst showed a higher Aniline blue decomposition rate and photocatalytic activity, due to the quantum size effect of the PbS nanoparticles, and the more efficient transport of charge carriers.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
• /
• 2012.02a
• /
• pp.245-245
• /
• 2012

Syntheses of oxide supported metal catalysts by wet-chemical routes have been well known for their use in heterogeneous catalysis. However, uniform deposition of metal nanoparticles with controlled size and shape on the support with high reproducibility is still a challenge for catalyst preparation. Among various synthesis methods, arc plasma deposition (APD) of metal nanoparticles or thin films on oxide supports has received great interest recently, due to its high reproducibility and large-scale production, and used for their application in catalysis. In this work, Au and Pt nanoparticles with size of 1-2 nm have been deposited on titania powder by APD. The size of metal nanoparticles was controlled by number of shots of metal deposition and APD conditions. These catalytic materials were characterized by x-ray diffraction (XRD), inductively coupled plasma (ICP-AES), CO-chemisorption and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Catalytic activity of the materials was measured by CO oxidation using oxygen, as a model reaction, in a micro-flow reactor at atmospheric pressure. We found that Au/$TiO_2$ is reactive, showing 100% conversion at $110^{\circ}C$, while Pt/$TiO_2$ shows 100% conversion at $200^{\circ}C$. High activity of metal nanoparticles suggests that APD can be used for large scale synthesis of active nanocatalysts. We will discuss the effect of the structure and metal-oxide interactions of the catalysts on catalytic activity.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Surface Engineering Conference
• /
• 2018.06a
• /
• pp.70.1-70.1
• /
• 2018

자동차를 포함한 수송기기, 전기 및 전자산업에 있어 경량화, 소형화, 고성능화와 함께 에너지 및 원가절감을 위한 노력이 활발하게 이루어지고 있다. 알루미늄은 신소재 및 고효율 제조공정 개발을 위한 합금설계기술, 용해/주조 기술, 가공기술, 열처리 기술, 시험평가 기술, 시뮬레이션 기술에 대한 전방위적인 연구가 진행되고 있다. 최근 프리미엄 자동차 시장에 고강도 알루미늄을 이용한 휠 시장이 폭발적으로 증가하고 있다. 2010년 전세계 자동차 휠 시장 규모는 56조원으로 알루미늄 휠 시장 규모는 약 19조원으로 점차 증가하고 있으며, CO2 배출 및 연비 증가에 대한 시대적 요구에 의해 수송기기의 경량화 및 주행 성능 향상으로 알루미늄 휠 시장 규모는 해마다 증가하고 있다. 7xxx 계열의 알루미늄 합금을 이용해 PEO (Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation) 혹은 MAO (Micro Arc Oxidation)를 이용해 표면처리를 수행하였다. 표면처리는 Silicate, Vanadate 및 Phosphate 등의 전해액을 선택적으로 사용하였으며, AC 200 ~ 500 V의 전압 조건 범위에서 CV 모드로 전류를 인가하였다. 형성된 표면 산화층은 산화막 두께 분석, 내마모 특성 평가, 염수분무 평가, 전기화학 평가(Potentiodynamic Polarization) 등을 통해 표면 산화층 분석을 진행하였다.

• Journal of the Korean institute of surface engineering
• /
• v.51 no.6
• /
• pp.344-353
• /
• 2018

Plasma electrolytic oxidation of Ti-25Ta-xHf alloy in electrolyte containing Ca and P for dental implants was investigated using various experimental techniques. Ti-25Ta-xHf (x=0 and 15 wt.%) alloys were manufactured in an arc-melting vacuum furnace. Micropores were formed in PEO films on Ti-25Ta-xHf alloys in 0.15 M calcium acetate monohydrate + 0.02 M calcium glycerophosphate at 240 V, 270 V and 300 V for 3 min, respectively. The microstructure of Ti-25Ta-xHf alloys changed from (${\alpha}^{\prime}+{\alpha}^{{\prime}{\prime}}$) phase to (${\alpha}^{{\prime}{\prime}}+{\beta}$) phase by addition of Hf. As the applied potential increased, the number of pore and the area ratio of occupied by micro-pore decreased, whereas the pore size increased. The anatase phase increase as the applied potential increased. Also, the crystallite size of anatase-$TiO_2$ can be controlled by applied voltage.

• Journal of the Korean institute of surface engineering
• /
• v.49 no.3
• /
• pp.307-315
• /
• 2016

The properties of AlTiN films by a cathodic arc deposition process have been studied. Oblique angle deposition has been applied to deposit AlTiN films. AlTiN films have been deposited on stainless steel (SUS304) and cemented carbide (WC) at a substrate temperature of $500^{\circ}C$. AlTiN films were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, glow-discharge light spectroscopy, micro-vickers hardness, and nanoindenter. When applying a current of 50 A to the cathodic arc source, it showed that the density of macroparticle of AlTiN films was 5 lower than other deposition conditions. With the increase of the bias voltage applied to the substrate up to -150 V, the density of macroparticle was decreased. The change of the $N_2$ flow rate during coating process made no influence on the film properties. For the multi-layered films, the film prepared at oblique angle of $60^{\circ}$ showed the highest hardness of 28 GPa and $H^3/E^2$ index of 0.18. AlTiN films have been shown a good oxidation resistance up to $800^{\circ}C$.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
• /
• v.25 no.10
• /
• pp.503-508
• /
• 2015

In this work, ceramic coatings were prepared on Al7075 aluminum alloy using microarc oxidation (MAO) process in a silicate-fluoride based electrolyte solution. The effect of $OH^-$ concentration, by adding NaOH to the solution on the microstructural and mechanical properties of the coating was investigated. Surface morphology and cross sectional view of the coating was analyzed using SEM while XRD was used to examine the phase compositions of the coatings. From XRD ${\alpha}-Al_2O_3$ phase was found to be increased by adding NaOH to the electrolyte. Thereby, the hardness and the wear properties of the MAO coatings were found to be superior to those of the coatings prepared without NaOH addition or with amount maximum than 2 g/l NaOH. Moreover, the morphology of the coatings was transformed form nodule-based cluster to crater based structure with the addition of NaOH to the MAO electrolyte solution.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
• /
• v.6 no.3
• /
• pp.355-362
• /
• 2011

In this paper, we developed the equipment to forming the insulation film which there are operated an electrolysis principles in particular solution. In the earlier, there are supplied the anode by unipolar voltage with pulse, in this paper, there are supplied the anode by bipolar voltage with pulse, alternately. And then, we examinate the system that there are developed the bipolar anodizing equipment using H-bridge. There are modulated pulse width for the variable current. In the results, we obtained the results of the uniform film surface that compared with the unipolar anodizing.

• Journal of the Korean institute of surface engineering
• /
• v.42 no.3
• /
• pp.109-115
• /
• 2009

Magnesium is one of the lightest metals, and magnesium alloys have excellent physical and mechanical properties such as high stiffness/weight ratios, good castability, good vibration and shock absorption. However their poor corrosion resistance, wear resistance, hardness and so on, have limited their application. To improve these defects, many techniques are developed. Micro arc oxidation(MAO) is a one of the surface treatments under anodic oxidation in which ceramic coating is directly formed on the surface of magnesium alloy. In this study, the characteristics of anodic film were examined after coating the AZ31B magnesium alloy through the MAO process. MAO was carried out in potassium hydroxide, potassium fluoride, and various concentration of sodium silicate in electrolyte. The morphology and chemical composition of the coating layer were characterized by SEM, XRD, EPMA and EDS. The hardness of anodic films was measured by micro-vickers hardness tester. As a result, the morphology and composition of anodic film were changed by concentration of sodium silicate. Thickness and Si composition of anodic film was increased with increasing concentration of sodium silicate in electrolyte. The hardness of anodic film was highly increased when the concentration of sodium silicate was above 40 g/l in electrolyte.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Surface Engineering Conference
• /
• 2012.11a
• /
• pp.16-16
• /
• 2012

Mg and its alloys have been of great interest because of their low density of 1.7, 30% lighter than Al, but their wide applications have been limited because of their poor resistances against corrosion and/or abrasion. Corrosion resistance of Mg alloys can be improved by formation of anodic films using anodic oxidation method in aqueous electrolytes. Plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) is one of anodic oxidation methods by which hard anodic films can be formed as a result of micro-arc generation under high electric field. PEO method utilize not only substrate elements but also chemical components in electrolytes to form anodic films on Mg alloys. PEO films formed on AM50 magnesium alloy in an acidic fluozirconate electrolyte were observed to consist of mainly $ZrO_2$ and $MgF_2$. Liu et al reported that PEO coating on AM30 Mg alloy consists of $MgF_2$-rich outer porous layer and an MgO-rich dense inner layer. PEO films prepared on ACM522 Mg die-casting alloy in an aqueous phosphate solution were also reported to be composed of monoclinic $Mg_3(PO_4)_2$. $CeO_2$-incorporated PEO coatings were also reported to be formed on AZ31 Mg alloys in $CeO_2$ particle-containing $Na_2SiO_3$-based electrolytes. Magnesium tin hydroxide ($MgSn(OH)_6$) was also produced on AZ91D alloy by PEO process in stannate-containing electrolyte. Effects of $OH^-$, $F^-$, $PO{_4}^{3-}$ and $SiO{_3}^{2-}$ ions and alloying elements of Al and Sn on the formation of PEO films on pure Mg and Mg alloys and their protective properties against corrosion have been investigated in this work. $PO{_4}^{3-}$, $F^-$ and $SiO{_3}^{2-}$ ions were observed to contribute to the formation of PEO films but $OH^-$ ions were found to break down the surface films under high electric field. The effect of pulse current on the formation of PEO films will be also reported.