• Korean Journal of Dental Materials
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.311-320
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the flow ability of the thermoplasticized Gutta Percha in different temperatures. Four Gutta Percha products were classified by its hardness (soft, medium, and hard) and were experimented by the Rheometer (Melt flow indexer MFI-10, DAVENPORT, England) measuring apparatus, in $(23{\pm}2)^{\circ}C$, and in a relative humidity of ($50{\pm}5$) %, following the guidelines of ISO 1133-1:2011. The heating temperature ranged from $108^{\circ}C$, $160^{\circ}C$ to $200^{\circ}C$, and the load at 2.16 kg and 3.8 kg. The Gutta Percha was cut in 5 mm to be suitable for the rheometer pressurization process. After the experiment was conducted with a preheating time of 5 minutes, a cutting time of 5-240 seconds, and a sample of 10 grams, the Gutta Percha did not show any changes in fluidity for $108^{\circ}C$, $160^{\circ}C$, but showed a change in its flow ability in $200^{\circ}C$. Also, the Gutta Percha did not show any changes in its fluidity when it was pressurized by 2.16 and 3.8 kilograms. Therefore, this experiment shows that the heating temperature and the cut-off time showed a significance while measuring the melt flow rate.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.83-93
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• 2015

Purpose: This study was to investigate the relationship among the symptom recognition, health behavior compliance, and the hospital arrival time to identify factors influencing the hospital arrival time in patient with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Methods: The subjects of this study were 200 patients with AMI in C hospital in D city. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent t-test, One way ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and stepwise multiple liner regression tests. Results: Level of symptom recognition and health behavior compliance was low. The median value of hospital arrival time was 4.48 hours (ST-segment Elevation Ml was 2.43 hours and Non ST-segment Elevation MI was 7.83 hours). Among the studied factors, only symptom recognition had a statistically significant positive correlation with health behavior compliance (r=0.38, p<.001). Factors influencing the hospital arrival time were MI classification, diabetes mellitus (DM) and transport vehicle to the 1st hospital, and they accounted for 13% of the variance for hospital arrival time in AMI patients. Conclusion: To prevent the delay of hospital arrival time in MI patients, a more robust nursing strategic intervention according to MI classification and DM is necessary; further education on the importance of transportation utilization is also mandated.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.47 no.6
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• pp.772-778
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• 2015

Hydrolysis of isolate soybean protein (ISP) using subcritical water (SCW) was conducted to study the feasibility for producing protein hydrolyzate. SCW hydrolysis of SPI suspension (5-15%) was conducted in an electrically heated batch reactor (2 L). The effects of temperature (230 to $270^{\circ}C$) and holding time (10 to 50 min) on the degree of hydrolysis (DH) and the production of amino acids were studied by surface response method. The DH was determined by derivatizing the hydrolyzates with ortho-phthalaldehyde (OPA) solution. It was confirmed that reaction temperature and holding time affected the hydrothermolysis of soybean protein. However, the holding time was less effective on amino acid yield when the temperature was higher than $230^{\circ}C$. In order to achieve optimal yields of amino acids exceeding 43%, the temperature should be within the range between 256 and $268^{\circ}C$ with holding time from 29 to 41 min, respectively. A maximum estimated amino acid yield of 43.5% was obtained at $268^{\circ}C$ for 35 min.

• Journal of Photoscience
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.73-78
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• 2000

To analyze molecular traits determining pigmentation between Pharbitis nill violet and white, Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism(AFLP) and Differential Display Reverse Transcription(DDRT) experiments were carried out with either genomic DNAs or total RNAs isolated from both plants. Results of AFLP experiment in combination of 8 EcoRⅠ primers with 6 MseⅠ primers showed 41 violet-and 60 white-specific DNA bands. In the subsequent experiment, 22 violet-and 22 white-specific DNA fragments were amplified by PCR with DNAs eluted. The sizes of the fragments range from 200 to 600bp. DDRT using total RNA produced 19 violet-and 17 white-specific cDNA fragments, ranging from 200 to 600bp. The fragments obtained by both AFLP and DDRT had been cloned into pGEM T-easy vector, amplified and subjected to the nucleotide sequence analyses. As a result of Blast sequence analysis, most of them sequenced up to date showed no similarity to any Known gene, while few has similarity to known animal or plant genes. An AFLP clone V6, for example, has a strong sequence similarity to the human transcription factor LZIP-alpha mRNA and a DDRT clone W19 to Solanum tuberosum 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase mRNA.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.15 no.11
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• pp.940-944
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• 1994

The crystal structure of an ethylene sorption complex of dehydrated $Ag_{12}-A $reacted with bromine vapor has determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction techniques in the cubic space group of Pm3m at 22(l)$^{\circ}$C (a=12.180(2) ${\AA}$). The crystal was prepared by dehydration of $Ag_{12}$-A at 400 $^{\circ}$C and $2 {\times} l0^{-6}$ Torr for 2 days, followed by exposure to 200 Torr of ethylene gas at 24(l) $^{\circ}$C for 1 hr. After the ethylene gas was evacuated for 1 hr, the crystal was exposed to 180 Torr of bromine vapor at 24(l) $^{\circ}$C for 1.5 h. The structure was refined to the final error indices, $R_1=0.066\;and\;R_2$ (weighted)=0.055, using 137 independent reflections for which I>3${\sigma}$I. About 55% of the sodalite unit contain two 6-ring $Ag^+$ ions and the remaining 45% contain $Ag_6$ molecules complexed to 2 $Ag^+$ ions at 6-ring sites to give $(Ag^+)_2(Ag_6).$ Upon sorption of ethylene, 4.75 ethylene molecules were sorbed per unit cell and of these, only 1.25 ethylene molecules were brominated by treatment of dibromine because of the limitation of the available space for the reaction products in the large cavity. In the large cavity, each of 3.5 $Ag^+$ ions forms a lateral ${\pi}$ complex with an ethylene molecule. About 2.5 8-ring $Ag^+$ ions per unit cell interact with 1.25 1,2-dibromoethane and each of ca. 1.25 6-ring $Ag^+$ ions also interacts with one of bromine atoms of 1,2-dibromoethane. Each bromine atom approaches a carbon atom with C-Br(l)=2.07(20) ${\AA}$ and C-Br(2)=2.07(10) ${\AA}$, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.88-97
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• 1997

The silyltriflates$(Ph_{3-n}SiH(OTf)_n)$have been produced by the reaction of triphenylsilane and triflic acid$(CF_3SO_3H)$at low temperature. These highly reactive compounds are a valuable reagent for the synthesis of numerous new functional substituted silane derivatives. The reaction of silyltriflates with alkenyl- and alkynylmagnesium bromide as well as organolithium compounds gave new silanes$Ph_2SiHR(R=\;C(CPh,\;CH=CH_2,\;CH_2CH=CH_2,\; (CH_2)_2CH=CH_2,\;(CH_2)_3CH=CH_2)$in high yields. The hydrosilation of prepared alkenyl- and alkynylsilanesPh_2SiHR$in the presence of a platinum catalyst(Pt/C) at high temperature$(200{\circ}C)$gave carbosilane polymers$((Ph_2SiCH=CPh)_n$and$(Ph_2Si(CH_2)m)n;\;m=2∼4, n{\ge}10)$along with five- and six-membered silaalkane ring compounds derived from intramolecular hydrosilation reactions. All of the prepared compounds are confirmed by NMR, UV, IR and mass spectroscopy as well as elemental analysis.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.365-373
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• 2005

Antioxidative activities of methanol extracts of 7 natural products which have been orientally used or studied as ophthalmic drugs were investigated. All of 7 extracts assayed - Rubus coreanus, Dendrobium monile, Eriocaulon sieboldianum, Ligustrum japonicum, Cassia tora, Cicadae Periostacum and Polygonatum odoratum var pluriflorum had some electron-donating ability to OPPH radicals, in which R. coreanus and D. monile showed strong activity as similar as ascorbic acid or BHT. At the concentration of $200{\mu}g/m{\ell}$, methanol extract of L. japonicum showed superoxide dismutase-like activity the same as 0.1 mM ascorbic acid and methanol extract of R. coreanus inhibited effectively the production of ABTS radical produced by $H_2O_2$. Furthermore, methanol extract of C. tora showed the highest nitrite scavenging ability. The inherent antioxidative activities of these natural products appear to be responsible for its ophthalmic effects.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.103-112
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• 2011

An epidemic was occurred in Stephanolepis cirrhifer during acclimation in laboratory tanks (water temperature was about $17^{\circ}C$). Diseased fish showed an unique external sign, large cloudy skin surface. We investigated the cause of the disease, and isolated one pure cultured bacterium, that was identified as Vibrio anguillarum by biochemical analysis and sequence analysis of the l6S rRNA and recA genes. During the outbreak, about 30% of S. cirrhifer showed the large cloudy skin surface, and approximately 10% of the stocked fish died. Fish were effectively cured by treatment with oxolinic acid.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.3 no.3_4
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• pp.200-204
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• 2000

To investigate pre-salting conditions in the preparation of salted anchovy from large anchovy, anchovy were salted with various salt concentration and stored at $5^{\circ}C$ and $20^{\circ}C$ for 10 days. Moisture content decreased with the increase of salt and the salinity increased in proportion to salt concentration at $20^{\circ}C$. Total nitrogen decreased slightly as the increase of salt concentration during pre-salting at $20^{\circ}C$. The nitrogenous components such as amino nitrogen and extractable nitrogen were invariable or decreased until 7 days in salt concentration over $25\%$ during pre-salting at $5^{\circ}C$. These results imply that soluble nitrogen with moisture run out of anchovy body in high salt concentration and the hydrolysis was inhibited by salt over $25\%$ at $5^{\circ}C$. VBN content were constant in salt concentration over $25\%$ until 7 days, regardless of curing temperature. The POV were under the influence of salt concentration and temperatures. We concluded that the optimal condition for preparation of salted anchovy were pre-salting with salt over $25\%$ at $5^{\circ}C$ for 7 days.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.272-279
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• 2005

The efficacy of lidocaine hydrochloride and Clove oil as anaesthetics was evaluated in the Korean rose bitterling, Rhodeus uyekii (Mori, 1935) and oily bitterling, Acheilognathus koreensis (Kim and Kim, 1990) at four different temperatures of $10^{\circ}C,\;15^{\circ}C,\;20^{\circ}C$ and $25^{\circ}C$. When complete anaesthesia was acquired less than 3 min and recovery was acquired less than 10 min, the optimal dose range of lidocain hydrochloride at $20^{\circ}C$ was 250${\~}$550 ppm in Korean rose bitterling, and 150${\~}$550 ppm in oily bitterling, respectively. In case of Clove oil, the optimal dose range at $20^{\circ}C$ was 40${\~}$200 ppm in Korean rose bitterling and 80${\~}$240 ppm in oily bitterling, respectively. Both of lidocaine hydrochloride and Clove oil resulted in a negatively dose-dependent manner for anaesthesia induction time in these two species. Recovery times were more variable in relation to anaesthetic doses, but in general higher anaesthetic doses resulted in similar or longer recovery time. As expected, the lower temperature resulted in longer anaesthesia induction and recovery time. The study demonstrated that lidocaine hydrochloride and Clove oil can be used as effective anaesthetics in these two species. The results from this study could be useful for aquaculturists industry and other related husbandry practices that require anaesthesia of Korean rose bitterling and oily bitterling.