• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.112-123
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to analyze the biotope characteristics of Korean cities and set up biotope type structures for Korean cities based on biotope type classification, dominant biotope type, city's human and nature environmental characteristics and cluster analysis. The findings of the study are summarized as follows: First, regarding the analysis of biotope type classification, cities showed differences in terms of the standard of biotope classification and classification hierarchy. Next, the analysis of dominant biotope types showed the type of forest represents the largest area in most cities. Moreover, a city's characteristic analysis revealed large differences between cities. As a result of cluster analysis, cities were classified into five clusters overall. First, Cluster A showed a lower population level and urbanization level. Unlike other cities, Cluster A revealed that it has the largest percentage of agricultural areas. Cluster C showed very high levels in terms of population amount and urbanization conditions was named the 'Large-sized metropolitan cities-center of forest biotope area' based on it's characteristics. The findings of this study as summarized above are considered to play an important role in enabling detailed classification and preservation of biotope types fit for the characteristics of cities and minimizing the confusion caused by different biotope mapping methods when revising and complementing biotope maps.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture Conference
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• 2007.10b
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• pp.78-83
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• 2007

The colors have a close to our life and there are many color names derived from plants in Japan. This study aimed to analyze relationship people and plants and investigated what the images of colors derived from plants related to the color names. Surveys on color images of abstract and concrete were conducted with adults who lived in the metropolitan area and in urban areas. The subjects were surveyed about images of similar colors derived from plants(3 type of similar two colors; pink, green and yellow) and asked to select a pair of color names(momo or pink, midori or green, yamabuki or lemon) corresponding to the color. The subjects were simultaneously presented with two similar colors and asked to give their perceptions of each color against 13 polar opposite pairs of terms or phrases using a Semantic Differential Scale, and asked to select the number of the 16 items concerned with life such as clothes and food. With the pink colors, many subjects did not feel opposite abstract images between these two similar colors and felt the same concrete images such as 'cosmetics' and 'clothes', and these color names such as momo and pink are confused. With the green colors and the yellow colors, many subjects felt opposite abstract images between these two similar colors such as 'natural - artificial' and 'rural - urban' and different concrete images such as 'plants' and 'plastics', and these two similar colors are distinguished by the color names such as 'midori - green' and 'yamabuki - lemon'. The results revealed that there are two patterns in the relationship colors derived from plants, color images and color names. In the pattern which images of colors derived from plants are connected with artificial things irrelevant to plants, the color names corresponding to the two similar colors are confused. On the other hand, in the pattern which images of colors derived from plants are connected with plants and artificial things, the two similar colors are distinguished by their color names. So demographics influenced the images of color, younger subjects compared with older tend to obviously distinguish images of colors derived from plants, and there are images of color influenced by the environment as a child. In both patterns, images of colors derived from plants are influenced by artificial things and natural colors are limited among many people. These results indicate that there are a few opportunities to see colors of plants which are full of variety. These results suggest that it is necessary to recognize colors derived from plants in relation to plants and to educate regarding the nature of plants, therefore landscape architecture focused on colors of plants is required.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.813-820
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• 2011

This study was conducted to investigate setting approach of health promotion in Healthy city projects. We used the secondary data of 2008-2010 Healthy city projects, reports, papers, workshops and symposia and had professional meetings to obtain the implications. Setting approach of health promotion in Healthy city projects conducted 27 (14.7%) in 2008 and 42 (21.8%) in 2009. Looking at the type of setting approach, villages and schools, respectively, was the highest (six, 22.2%) in 2008. In 2009, the school was 12 (28.6%), apartment 8 (19.0%), village 6 (14.3%), day nursery 5 (11.9%), workplace and senior center 4, respectively (9.5%), market 3 (7.1%). School and apartment are the most common setting approach in the metropolitan area, but senior center and village are most common in the rural areas. The good examples of health promoting schools, healthy workplaces, healthy villages, healthy apartments, health promoting hospitals, healthy markets, healthy senior centers were examined. To sustain and success the setting approach in health promotion, persons in settings must know the exact meaning of 'setting' and 'health promotion' and the efforts that setting can play an important role in healthy cities (communities) will be required.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.111-129
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• 2013

A city is an ordinary space and a place of living that is directly related to our lives. An ordinary space is the total products of culture and the target of cultural representation. An aging residential area of a city reflects the ordinary lives of ordinary people along with its unique history; therefore, this place should not be seen only from an economic and political perspective. The Wausan area is a place that best maintains the characteristics and scenery of an aging urban residential area within Gwangju metropolitan city. Through research into this area, it is possible to discover the meaning and true value of an aging urban residential area such as the close relationship between ordinary culture and placeness, the creation factors and process of placeness of an aging urban residential area, and the authenticity of a particular place. This area is a modern residential area of today's ordinary people, created on a topography of hills and hilly areas along with a historical value of 400 years. It is based on the Gyeongyangyeok of the Joseon period. This place may be described as a space where the dailiness of ordinary people is alive based on its alleys and the unique scenery formed by its alleys and vegetable gardens. The authenticity deduced from such placeness is that an aging urban residential area is a place where communicative and considerate human life and a cultural diversity of an atypical nature are alive, a place where an environment and humans coexist in harmony, and a place where the communal dailiness of residents still exists.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.288-295
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• 2018

Purpose: The paper aims to compare the effectiveness of the two types of transport demand management measures, namely pull measures and push measures. Method: Case studies of two metropolitan areas in the developing world assess the extent to which increases in fuel prices can contribute to reducing automobile use and increasing the public transport use and the potential of urban rail transit to cause mode shift from automobiles. Within the case studies, a stated response survey of current car users has been conducted for Cairo and an on-line survey of rail transit users in Algiers. Results: There was a major proportion of car drivers who intend to switch to public transport, depending on the range of fuel prices in Cairo and a considerable proportion of rail users who have switched from automobiles resulting in a measurable reduction in CO2 emissions in Algiers. Conclusion: Investments in urban rail can be highly effective where there are demands for better public transport, but this type of pull measures can be much more effective if combined with push measures which significantly raise driving costs.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.342-352
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• 2016

Purpose: This study conducted an Importance-Performance Analysis (IPA) of selective attributes of Home Meal Replacement (HMR) as well as it examined the consumers' needs and willingness to buy HMR products to explore the need for developing more HMR products. Methods: This study was conducted among domestic consumers living in Seoul and its metropolitan areas, in the age range from the 20s to the 50s, and who had experience in purchasing HMR products. From the 490 surveys retrieved, 472 (96.3%) valid surveys were analyzed. Results: The analysis of the frequency of consuming HMR products showed the following results: 247 respondents answered '1-3 times a month' (52.3%); 167 respondents stated '1-2 times a week' (35.3%). With respect to the reason of purchase, 'simplicity of the recipe' was the most common, accounting for 188 respondents (39.8%), followed by 'time efficiency' accounting for 172 respondents (36.4%). Analysis of the demand for bibimbap (mixed rice) HMR products showed that 'chicken bibimbap' had the highest preference with 5.32 points, followed by 'bulgogi bibimbap' (5.08 points), and 'kimchi bibimbap' (4.96 points). In the case of HMR products that need to undergo further development, 'low-sodium products' received the highest points of 5.41 points, followed by 'small packaged products' (5.05 points), and 'functional products' (4.98 points). The factor analysis of the 13 selective attributes showed that they can be divided into 3 factors. The IPA analysis of the selective attributes of HMRs showed 'hygiene', 'taste', 'easy to go packaging', 'convenience in intake', and 'accessibility' in the 1st quadrant. In the 2nd quadrant, 'price' and 'freshness' were shown as the factors. In the 3rd quadrant, 'easy to serve', 'familiar food menu', and 'consistent menu' were shown as the leading factors, and in the 4th quadrant, 'saving labor' was the only factor. Conclusion: Based on these results, the research concludes that with respect to developing HMR products, there is a high demand for low sodium, low calorie, small packaged products; thus, showing the need to develop various HMR products for customer satisfaction. Furthermore, it shows that there is a need to consider developing HMR products that can maintain freshness at an affordable price.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.63-72
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• 2014

With the rapid development in the economy and other fields as well, the standard of living in South Korea has been improved, and consequently, the demand of automobiles has quickly increased. It leads to various traffic issues such as traffic congestion, traffic accident, and parking problem. In particular, this illegal parking caused by the increase in the number of automobiles has been considered one of the main reasons to bring about traffic congestion as intensifying any dispute between neighbors in relation to a parking space, which has been also coming to the fore as a social issue. Therefore, this study looked into Daejeon Metropolitan City, the city that is understood to have the highest automobile sharing rate in South Korea but with relatively few cases of illegal parking crackdowns. In order to investigate the theoretical problems of the illegal parking, this study conducted a decision-making tree model-based Exhaustive CHAID analysis to figure out not only what makes drivers park illegally when they try to park vehicles but also those factors that would tempt the drivers into the illegal parking. The study, then, comes up with solutions to the problem. According to the analysis, in terms of the influential factors that encourage the drivers to park at some illegal areas, it was learned that these factors, the distance, a driver's experience of getting caught, the occupation and the use time in order, have an effect on the drivers' deciding to park illegally. After working on the prediction model, four nodes were finally extracted. Given the analysis result, as a solution to the illegal parking, it is necessary to establish public parking lots additionally and first secure the parking space for the vehicles used for living and working, and to activate the campaign for enhancing illegal parking crackdown and encouraging civic consciousness.

• Journal of The Geomorphological Association of Korea
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.85-94
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• 2008

This study is to construe spatio-temporal characteristics of temperature in cities and changes of climatical regions in analyzing a change of Korea Peninsular climate. We used daily mean air temperature data which was collected in South and North Korea for the past 34 years from 1974 to 2007. We created temperature map of 500m resolution using Inverse Distance Weight in application with adiabatic lapse rate per month in linear relation with height and temperature. In the urbanization area, the data analyzed population in comparison with temperature changes by the year. An annual rising rate of temperature was calculated $0.0056^{\circ}C$, and the temperature was increased $2.14^{\circ}C$ from 1974 to 2107. The south climate region in Korea by the Warmth index was expanded to the middle climate region by the latitude after 1990s. A rise of urban area in mean temperature was $0.5-1.2^{\circ}C$, Seoul, metropolitan and cities which were high density of urbanization and industrialization with the population increase between 1980s and 1990s. In case of North Korea, Cities were Pyeongyang, Anju, Gaecheon, Hesan. A rise in cities areas in mean temperature has influence on vegetation, especially secondary growth such as winter buds of pine trees appears built-up area and outskirts in late Autumn. Finally, nowaday we confront diverse natural events over climatical changes, We need a long-term research to survey and analyze an index on the climatical changes to present a systematic approach and solution in the future.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.337-350
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• 2019

The Gwangyang City of Jeonnam Province, is one of the steel cities representing the Korea. Gwangyang Steelworks are the core of the local economy, and 59 firms of POSCO Outsourcing Partner Cooperation(POSPA) have been employed 9,300 to 9,500 peoples, and have been acted as an central incubator for job creation. POSPA, however, are suffering from the retirement of company in young age group, in their 20s and 30s. The purpose of this study is to analyze potential job seekers' perceptions and job preferences for POSPA are suffering from job openings. In order to this research purpose, it used questionary survey, and sample groups were divided into three areas, the Eastern Jeonnam Province, Gwangju, and the Seoul metropolitan area. Potential job seekers' perceptions for POSPA was low, and perceptions on firm and job opportunity information was lower. This characteristics were the same as those of respondents living in eastern South Jeolla Province. Potential job seekers, however, showed high preference for finding job at POSPA. A place-based policy considering the local labor market is needed to resolve the mismatch between the difficulty of finding a labor and the difficulty of finding a job.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.351-365
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• 2019

This study aims to predict the changes in population distribution in Korea by considering spatio-temporal characteristics of major migration reasons. For the purpose, we analyze the spatio-temporal characteristics of each major migration reason(such as job, family, housing, and education) and estimate the transition probability, respectively. By appling Markov chain model processes with the ChapmanKolmogorov equation based on the transition probability, we predict the changes in the population distribution for the next six years. As the results, we found that there were differences of population changes by regions, while there were geographic movements into metropolitan areas and cities in general. The methodologies and the results presented in this study can be utilized for the provision of customized planning policies. In the long run, it can be used as a basis for planning and enforcing regionally tailored policies that strengthen inflow factors and improve outflow factors based on the trends of population inflow and outflow by region by movement factors as well as identify the patterns of population inflow and outflow in each region and predict future population volatility.