• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.28-36
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• 2018

Adsorption experiments of three target gases such as acetone, benzene, and methyl mercaptan (MM) were carried in a continuous reactor using the activated carbon prepared from waste citrus peel. In a single gas system, the breakthrough time obtained from using the activated carbon (WCAC) prepared from waste citrus peel. In a single gas system, the breakthrough time obtained from the breakthrough curve decreased with increasing the inlet concentration and flow rate, but increased with respect to the aspect ratio (L/D). Adsorbed amounts of the target gases by WCAC increased as a function of the inlet concentration and aspect ratio. However, adsorbed amounts with the increase of the flow rate were different depending upon target gases. Results from the breakthrough time and adsorbed amount showed that the affinity for WCAC was the highest in benzene, followed by acetone and then MM. On the other hand, in the binary and ternary systems, the breakthrough curve showed a roll-up phenomenon where the adsorbate having a small affinity for WCAC was replaced with the adsorbate with a high affinity. The adsorption of acetone on WCAC was more strongly affected when mixing with the nonpolar benzene than that of using sulfur compound MM.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.118-126
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• 2012

In this study, two types of ozone generating experimental instrument were installed in commercial livestock manure fertilization facility, which can treat hundred tons of pig manure in a day. Gas samples to be treated were collected from the upper part of the liquid fertilization system and composting system of the commercial livestock manure fertilization facility. The gas sample was flowed to oxidation reactor through pipe line by suction blower, therefore, contacted with ozone. Ammonia and sulfur compounds of gas samples collected from the inlet and outlet point of the experimental instrument were analyzed. The oxidation effect by the contact with ozone was higher in sulfur compounds than ammonia. Ammonia content was reduced about 10% by ozone contact. Sulfur compounds, on the other hand, reduced significantly while treated with ozone. In case of gas sample collected from liquid fertilization system, the concentrations of hydrogen sulfide ($H_2S$), methyl mercaptan (MM), dimethyl sulfide (DMS), and dimethyl disulfide (DMDS) of inlet gas were 50.091, 4.9089, 27.8109 and 0.4683 ppvs, respectively. After oxidized by ozone, the concentrations of sulfur compounds were 1.2317, 0.3839, 14.7279 and 0.3145 ppvs, respectively. Another sample collected from aerobic composting system was oxidized in the same conditions. The concentrations of $H_2S$, MM, DMS and DMDS of the sample collected from inlet point of the reactor were 40.6682, 1.3675, 24.2458 and 0.8289 ppvs, respectively. After oxidized, the concentrations of $H_2S$, MM, DMS, and DMDS were reduced to 3.013, ND, 8.8998 and 0.3651 ppvs, respectively. By application of another type of ozone, the concentrations of $H_2S$, MM, DMS and DMDS of inlet gas were reduced from 43.397, 1.4559, 3.6021 and 0.4061 to ND, ND, ND, and 0.21ppvs, respectively.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.115-128
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• 2010

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate deodorizing effectsof medicinal herbs (Mume Fructus, Eriobotryae Folium, Acanthopanacis Cortex, Angelicae Dahuricae Radix) for development of a gargle solution. Methods: 1. The antimicrobial effects of medicinal herbs were evaluated with the minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) and the change of the number of viable cells in the herb extracts(1%) for 48 hrs against P. gingivalis 2561 and Pr. intermedia ATCC 25611. 2. Deodorizing activity of each herb and Garglin $Mint^{(R)}$gainst methyl mercaptan were analyzed by gas chromatography (GC). 3. We used the malodor modeling of the salivary sediment system with a Halimeter. 4. In the preliminary clinical study, the baseline concentration of VSC in the oral cavity of each subject was measured by Halimeter. Subjects would gargle for 30 seconds with cysteine. After 4 minutes subjects would gargle for 30 seconds with Garglin and herb extracts (2%). Subsequently, concentration of VSC were measured at 0, 4, 8, 12 and 20 minutes. Results: 1. MBC of Mume Fructusfor P. gingivalis 2561 was determined to be <1% and MBCs of Eriobotryae Folium for P. gingivalis 2561 and Pr. intermedia ATCC 25611 were determined to be <2% and <1%, respectively. Mume Fructus (1%) completely suppressed the P. gingivalis cell viability from 5 hrs and Eriobotryae Folium (1%) completely suppressed the Pr. intermedia cell viability from 48 hrs. 2. In GC analysis, deodorizing activities were 91.54% with Mume Fructus, 87.97% with Eriobotryae Folium, 100% with Acanthopanacis Cortex, 72.36% with Angelicae Dahuricae Radix and 40.54% with Garglin $Mint^{(R)}$. 3. In malodor modeling of the salivary sediment system, each of the medicinal herbs had significantly inhibitory effect on malodor formation (p<0.05). 4. In the preliminary clinical study, the concentration of VSC of the herb groups was significantly lower than of the control group, but not in Garglin $Mint^{(R)}$. Conclusions: Mume Fructus, Eriobotryae Folium, Acanthopanacis Cortex and Angelicae Dahuricae Radixhave deodorizing activities and potential as an effective mouthwash against oral malodor.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.21-28
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• 2010

The odor problem in the livestock is increasing by 7% annually. Most importantly, the livestock odor problem in swinery accounts for the maximum ratio (54%). In this study, we reviewed the possibility of deodorizing swinery using an odor reduction device that can be used with the water washing system. First, the study confirmed that the solubility of odor gas, which was hydrogen sulfide, was very low regardless of the contact time with solvent, but the solubility of methyl mercaptan was found to increase along with the increase in time. The solubility of other odor gases, such as dimethyl sulfide, dimethyl disulfide and ammonia, was considerably high. Consequently, it is considered that if the odor reduction device for the water washing system deodorization is used in a swinery, the time during which the exhaust gas is in contact with usable water must be extended, or solvent quantity must be expanded. However, it is predicted that although hydrogen sulfide is easily generated in the anaerobic condition, it is difficult to expect high odor reduction efficiency because this gas has low solubility in water, especially in case it is used in the deodorization of the water washing system. The result of the solubility experiment using the bench-scale device practically manufactured represented the higher odor reduction ratio than expected. This result was possible because the removal efficiency of dust particles could be reached up to 93%. Therefore, it is judged that also the odor gas absorbed on dust particles could be removed by removal of dust. Consequently, it is expected that the higher order reduction ratio will be possible by structural improvement for increasing contact with water and odor gas.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.453-466
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• 2006

To comply with stricter regulations provoked by increasing odor nuisance, it is imperative to practice effective odor control for sustainable livestock production. This study was conducted to assess odor and odorous compounds emitted from liquid animal manure with different treatment methods such as Fresh Manure(without treatment, FM), Anaerobic Digestion(AD) and Thermophilic Aerobic Digestion(TAD) and their application to soil. Air samples were collected at the headspace of liquid manure, upland and paddy soil, and analyzed for odor intensity and offensiveness using an olfactometry; odor concentration index using odor analyser; nitrogen-containing compound such as ammonia(NH3) using fluorescence method; and sulfur containing compounds such as hydrogen sulfide(H2S), methyl mercaptan(MeSH), dimethyl sulfide(DMS) and dimethyl disulfide(DMDS) using gas chromatography-pulsed flame photometric detector, respectively. Odor intensity, offensiveness and concentration index from TAD liquid manure was statistically lower than those from FM and AD(p<0.01). Mean concentrations of H2S, MeSH, DMS, DMDS and NH3 were 65.93ppb, 18.55ppb, 5.26ppb, 0.33ppb and 10.57ppm for liquid manure with AD; and 5.15ppb, 0.97ppb, 0.80ppb, 0.56ppb and 1.34ppm for liquid manure with TAD, respectively. More than 60% of malodorous compounds related to nitrogen and sulfur were removed by heterotrophic microorganisms during TAD treatment. When liquid manure was applied onto upland and paddy soil, NH3 removal efficiencies ranged from 51 to 94% and 22 to 91% for AD and TAD liquid manure, respectively. The above results show that liquid manure with TAD is superior to AD and FM with respect to the odor reduction and odor problem caused by land applied liquid manure is directly related to the degree of odor generated by the manure treatment method.