• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.243-252
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• 2001

본 연구에서는 구강 내 공기 중 설태 제거 전후의 휘발성 황화합물 농도를 gas chromatography를 이용하여 비교 분석하였다. 피검자로는 서울대학교 치과병원 구취클리닉에 내원한 환자 중에서 치주 건강 상태가 양호하며 구취를 호소하는 환자 18 명(평균연령 31.4세; 남자 8명, 여자 10명)을 대상으로 하였으며 구취를 측정하기 전에 모든 피검자들은 실험 전날 취침 전부터 실험 당일 실험시작 전까지 음식 섭취나 양치질 등의 모든 구강 활동을 금지하였다. 구취 시료는 채취 전에 피검자로 하여금 3분간 입을 다물게 한 후 입을 약 2cm정도 벌린 상태에서 시행하였으며 시료 채취 후 설태를 제거하였다. 설태 제거 후에 구강 내 공기를 다시 채취한 후 gas chromatography를 통하여 휘발성 황화합물의 각 성분별 농도를 분석하였다. 분석과정에서는 과거에 휘발성 황화합물의 검출 시 사용되어진 sampling loop와 isothermal run condition 대신 좀더 효율적인 직접표본주입방법과 oven temperature programmed analysis를 시행하였다. 1. 전체 휘발성 황화합물은 Hydrogen sulfide (59.96%), Methyl mercaptan (25.08%), Dimethyl sulfide (14.96%)로 구성되었다. 이 중 Hydrogen sulfide는 전체 휘발성 황화합물중 약 60%를 차지하여 치주상태가 양호한 구취환자에서의 주요한 구취 구 성 성분이었다. 2. 설태 제거 후 전체 휘발성 황화합물의 농도감소는 제거 전에 비하여 41.71%로 유의 하게 감소하였다(p<0.01). 3. 설태 제거 후에 Hydrogen sulfide의 농도감소는 43.62% (p<0.01), Methyl mercaptan 의 농도감소는 38.88% (p<0.05), 그리고 Dimethyl sulfide의 농도감소는 30.21% (p<0.01)로 각각 유의하게 감소하였다. 4. 전체 휘발성 황화합물의 구성비율은 설태 제거 전후에 유의한 차이가 없었다 (p>0.05).

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제36권12호
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• pp.1637-1642
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• 2007

생마늘과 열처리에 따른 마늘의 향기 특성과 향기추출물의 항산화활성을 확인하고자 국내산 한지형 마늘 3종(단양, 서산, 의성마늘)과 난지형 마늘 3종(남해, 남도, 대서마늘), 중국산 마늘에 대하여 simultaneous distillation and extraction(SDE) 방법으로 향기 성분을 추출하여 GC/MS로 동정하고 항산화활성을 측정하였다. 생마늘의 주요 향기성분은 allyl methyl sulfide, methyl-2-propenyl disulfide, diallyl disulfide, 2-ethylidene-1,3-dithiane, methyl-2-propenyl trisulfide, di-2-propenyl trisulfide 및 2-vinyl- 4H-1,3-dithiin 등으로 나타났다. 항산화활성이 우수한 것으로 알려진 diallyl disulfide, methyl-2-propenyl trisulfide 및 di-2-propenyl trisulfide 등은 중국산 마늘보다 한지형 마늘이 많이 함유하고 있었다. 향기성분은 열처리시 2-propanone, allyl mercaptan, methyl formic acid, 2-methyl butanal 2-methyl thiophene, methyl pyrazine, 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dithiane 및 2-propenyl propyl disulfide 등이 새롭게 생성되었으며, allyl methyl sulfide, allyl alcohol 및 allyl sulfide 등의 분자량이 작은 화합물의 함량이 증가하였다. 산지별 생마늘의 향기 추출물에 대한 항산화활성은 농도 의존적으로 증가하였으며, 단양, 남해 및 중국산은 각각 20.07, 34.62 및 9.71%의 항산화활성을 나타내었고, 열처리 후에는 각각 79.90, 93.59 및 77.26%로 증가하였다.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.119-131
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• 2008

This study was peformed in order to find out the relationship between the causing factors and the production of each gas 01 oral malodor, to contribute the oral malodor control at dental clinic as well as to establish the effective application of malodor control project for public oral health program 127 patients from 20 to 40 years old who had been visited for preventive dental cares were participated for the study. Such items as caries status, periodontal status, salivary flow, viscosity, pH. Snyder test, plaque deposit and tongue plaque were checked through the oral examination in order to find out the contributing factors Hydrogen sulfide, Methyl mercaptan, Di-methyl sulfide and Ammonia gas components were checked with Oral-Chroma and Attain, the oral malodor check units. Not only the corelation coefficiencies but also the multi-way variance analysis were calculated between each causing factor and each component of oral malodor gases to estimate the contributing factors of the oral malodor. 1. There was no relationship between the caries status and each component pf the oral malodor such as sulfur compound or Ammonia, both in laboratory test and VAS test (pF0.05). It revealed negative relationship between Hydrogen sulfide and FT(rM-0.1904. pE0.05) as well as the VAS and FT (rM-0.210. pE0.05). S0, it was estimated that the less oral malador was recognized when caries state changed to filled state in Hydrogen sulfide laboratory test or VAS test 2. High relationship was showed between salivary flow and Hydrogen sulfide (rM-0.183, pM0.039), Methyl mercaptan(rM-0.234, p-0.008). Dimethyl sulfide(rM-0.234, pM0.008) and Ammonia(-0.361. pM0.001) gas(pE0.05). 3. There was a high relationship between M-PHP(Modified-Patient Hygiene Performance Index) and tong plaque all kinds of sulfide(rM0.249. pM0.005). Ammonia gas component(rM0.232, pM0.009). 4. It was found that considerable relationship was appeared between the periodontal status and Ammonia gas (rM0.274, pM0.002), so, it should be needed to control Ammonia. Such dental Cares as the prevention or early treatment of periodontal disease and the accelerating the salivary flow as well as reducing the amounts and activities of filament or spiral typed oral micro-organism were recommended for adults, not only for dental care program at the dental clinics but also for public health programs, in order to promote the oral health and quality of file for individual and community peoples.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제42권6호
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• pp.646-651
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• 1998

기체크로마토그래피에서 황화합물의 분자구조와 용리시간과의 관계를 연구하였다. 분석대상인 황화합물은 황화수소, 이산화항, 이황화탄소, 에틸메르캅탄, 황화이메틸, 이소프로필메르캅탄, 노말프로필메르캅탄, 황화에틸메틸, 황화이에틸, t-부틸메르캅탄, 테트라히이드로티오핀, 티오핀, 2-클로르티오핀이었다. 다중선형회귀분석방법으로 용리시간과 분자의 설명인자 사이의 상관관계를 설명할 수 있었다. 기체크로마토그래피에서 오븐 온도 프로그램을 30$^{\circ}C$에서 10.5분간 유지 후 15$^{\circ}C$/min 비율로 150$^{\circ}C$까지 증가하는 것으로 설정하였다. SAS를 사용하여 사대적 용리시간에 대한 예측식을 다음과 같이 얻을 수 있었다. $RRT=0.121bp+14.39dp-8.94dp^2+0.0741sqmw-35.78\;(N=8,\;R^2=0.989, \;Variance=0.175,\;F=66.21)$. 상대적 용리시간은 끓는점, 분자량의 제곱근 및 분자쌍극자모멘트의 함수이며 끓는점에 의한 영향이 가장 컸다. 무극성 컬럼 사용시 분자쌍극자모멘트가 0.805D에서 용리시간이 가장 길었다. 분자구조가 평면성을 띠면서 대칭성이 높은 물질은 용리속도가 작았다. 훈련세트(training set)에서 SAS 프로그램을 통해 얻은 예측식의 상관계수의 제곱$(R^2)$은 0.989이며 분산은 0.175이다. 시험세트(testing set)에서 3개의 황화합물에 대하여 예측식을 통해 얻은 상대적 용리시간과 관측된 값 사이의 분산은 0.432 이었다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제37권5호
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• pp.695-701
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• 2005

각각의 황 함유 화합물의 표준곡선을 그렸을 때, linear range의 범위는 $10^2$부터 $10^4$까지의 범위를 보였다. Dimethyl trisulfide가 가장 작은 limit of detection(LOD) 값과 가장 넓은 linear range $(10^4)$를 보이는 반면, methional은 가장 큰 LOD 값과 가장 좁은 linear range$(10^2)$를 가졌다. 각 황 함유 화학물의 분자구조와 PFPD의 황 함유 화합물 분석 원칙에 영향을 받는 것으로 사료된다. 서로 다른 세 종류의 fiber를 사용시, 미세 고체상 추출법(SPME)을 사용했을 때, CAR/PDMS fiber는 가장 좋은 추출 효율을 보였고, 반대로 PDMS/DVB fiber는 가장 낮은 효율을 나타내었다. SPME 방법을 사용하면, 시료에 포함되어 있는 6개의 황 함유 화합물들 중, 최대 5개까지 분석이 가능하였다. 그러나 본 실험에서 사용하지 않은 황 함유 화합물들도 다수 동정 되었는데, 이렇게 추출과정 중 artifacts로 생성된 황 함유 화합물들은 분석 시 오차를 작용할 수 있다. 고정상 기체추출법(SH)은 SPME와 비교했을 때 더 적은 수의 황 함유 화합물을 감지해냈다. SPME와 비교 시 SH의 추출 효율은 낮았지만, artifact로 생성되는 화합물의 수는 적었다.

• 한국환경보건학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국환경보건학회 2005년도 국제학술대회
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• pp.399-405
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• 2005

In this study, we investigated the gas chromatography (GC) and pulsed flame photometric detection (PFPD) system for the analysis of four major reduced S compounds including hydrogen sulfide ($H_2S)$; methyl mercaptan ($CH_3SH$); dimethyl sulfide (DMS); and dimethyl disulfide(DMDS) contained in environmental samples. To analyze these compounds in high concentration range (above ppb level), we developed a high mode analytical setting with the loop-injection system. By contrast, we also established a low mode setting for the analysis of low concentration samples (ppt-level samples from ambient air) by the combination with thermal desorption unit(TDU). Comparative analysis of both settings revealed that relative detection properties of four S compounds are systematic enough. The results of high mode analysis indicated that the patterns were systematic among compounds: H2S exhibited the lowest sensitivity, while DMBS showed the strongest one. The results were also compared in terms of sensitivity reductions for all compounds by dividing slope ratios between low and high mode system. Although low mode system exhibited significant reductions on the order of a few tens times, their detection characteristics were highly consistent as it was shown in the high mode setting. To learn more about absolute and relative relations between two different modes of S analysis, future studies may have to be directed to cover more complicated nature of GC/PFPD performance. Hydrogen sulfide($H_2S$) was over in summer about low level of olfactory sense 410 ppt, Methyl mercaptan(C$H_3SH$) was over in apring and summer about low level of olfactory sense 70, Dimethyl sulfide(DMS) was not over in four season about low level of olfactory sense 2,200 ppt. Carbon disulfide($CS_2$) was not over in four deason about Tow level of olfactory sense 210,000, Dimethyl disulfide(DMDS) was not over in summer about low level of olfactory sense2,000.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.77-85
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• 2004

In this study, the concentrations of reduced S compounds (including hydrogen sulfide (H$_2$S); methyl mercaptan ($CH_3$SH); dimethyl sulfide (($CH_3$)$_2$S); carbon disulfide (CS$_2$); and dimethyl disulfide (($CH_3$)$_2$S$_2$) were determined from landfill gas (LFG) in three municipal landfill sites in the two cities of Gwang Ju (GJ) and Jeju (JJ), Korea. The S gas concentrations measured in these landfill sites were found to be dominated by H$_2$S with its mean concentration of 850 ppm from 10 LFG samples. Both absolute and relative dominance of H$_2$S was seen to be significant in most LFG samples, except those collected from very old and inactive landfills. Unlike the pattern of H$_2$S, other S gases were typically observed at much reduced concentration levels (a few ppm or less) as follows: DMS (3.5); $CH_3$SH (1.3); CS$_2$(1.2); and DMDS (0.02 ppm). If compared equally in mass concentration unit (mg m$^{-3}$ ), H$_2$S generally explained far above 90% of all S gas masses determined concurrently. Moreover, as its mass concentration commonly exceeds those of the major aromatic VOC components in LFG (like benzene and toluene), it appeared to be one of the most dominant gaseous components emitted as LFG in a quantitative sense.

• 분석과학
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.80-86
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• 2002

흡착/열탈착/GC/MS를 이용하여 우리나라와 일본의 법정 악취성분을 한 컬럼으로 동시분석이 가능한가를 검토하였다. 트리메틸아민, 아세트알데히드, 메틸메르캅탄, 이메틸황 은 대략적인 농도를 추정할 수 있었으며, 스티렌, 이황화메틸, 이황화이메틸 그리고 프로피온알데히드 n-부틸알데히드 i-부틸알데히드 n-발레르알데히드 i-발레르알데히드, 아세트산에틸, 톨로엔, 자일렌, 메틸이소부틸케톤, 이소부탄올에 대해서는 최소감지농도까지 검출할 수 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. 악취성분의 동시 분석 예로서 음식물 쓰레기의 퇴비화 과정에서 발생되는 휘발성 성분을 농축시켜 흡착/열탈착/GC/MSD에 의해 분석하고 각 성분의 농도와 최소 냄새감지 농도로부터 악취원인 성분을 예측하였다. 분석결과 34가지 물질에 대해 확인하였고, 이 중 트리메틸아민, 이소발레르알데히드, 메틸메르캅탄, 메틸알리황, 이메틸황, 아세트알데히드, 에탄올, n-부틸알데히드의 순으로 악위에 기여할 것으로 예상되었다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.27-32
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• 2007

In this study, the concentrations of offensive odorous compounds seasonally emitted from the chemical plant at Chongju industrial complex in Korea were determined by the analytical methods of gas chromatography, high performance liquid chromatography and uv/vis spectroscopy. The kinds of offensive odorous compounds examined are formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, butyl aldehyde, propion aldehyde, n-valeric aldehyde, iso-valeric aldehyde, hydrogen sulfide, methyl mercaptan, dimethyl sulfide, dimethyl disulfide, trimethyl amine and ammonia. The seasonally emission levels of all odorous compounds except dimethyl sulfide at 13 sampling points of plant were lower than those of the regulation standard levels of the industrial complex in Korea. The levels were the highest in June, and lowest in December. The propion aldehyde and iso-valeric aldehyde in June and December, butyl aldehyde in December, and n-valeric aldehyde were not detected in all the three seasons at any sampling points of the plant examined. But in June, dimethyl sulfide was emitted up to 16 times than that of the regulation level.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.35-40
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• 2014

Halitosis is caused by consumption of certain foods or drinks and production of volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs) by periodontopathogens. VSCs-related halitosis is not easily removed using mechanical or chemical therapies such as dental floss, plaque control and mouth rinse. Lactobacillus are known to be probiotics and stimulate immune systems of human. Furthermore, L. casei ATCC 334 and L. rhamnosus GG have an effect on protection of dental caries in vitro studies. The aim of this study was to investigate effect of Lactobacillus on halitosis by Fusobacterium nucleatum- and Porphyromonas gingivalis-producing VSCs and to analyze inhibitory mechanism. The periodontopathogens were cultivated in the presence or the absence Lactobacillus, and the level of VSCs was measured by gas chromatograph. For analysis of inhibitory mechanisms, the susceptibility assay of the spent culture medium of Lactobacillus against F. nucleatum and P. gingivalis was investigated. Also, the spent culture medium of Lactobacillus and periodontopathogens were mixed, and the emission of VSCs from the spent culture medium was measured by gas chromatograph. L. casei and L. rhamnosus significantly reduced production of VSCs. L. casei and L. rhamnosus exhibited strong antibacterial activity against F. nucleatum and P. gingivalis. The spent culture medium of L. casei inhibited to emit gaseous hydrogen sulfide, methyl mercaptan and dimethyl sulfide from the spent culture medium of periodontopathogens. However, the spent medium of L. rhamnosus repressed only dimethyl sulfide. L. casei ATCC 334 may improve halitosis by growth inhibition of periodontopathogens and reduction of VSCs emission.