• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.446-454
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• 2005

An economic treatment method to remove oxidized nitrogen from wastewater is biological denitrification with organic matters. Several organics can be used, however, methanol is commonly used. When methanol is provided, M:N (Methanol to Nitrogen) ratio is used to define methanol demand for denitrification. In this study, two artificial wastewaters were provided to a biological system to evaluate denitrification performance. Differences of influent total CODcr from effluent soluble CODcr were converted to methanol equivalent and oxidized nitrogen difference between influent and effluent were converted to nitrate equivalent to define M:N ratios. Modes I, II, III, I-1 and IV showed 5.1, 2.7, 3.3, 2.3 and 2.6 of M:N ratios, respectively. Since denitrifying microorganisms had to build a new metabolic system for methanol and influent organics, initial operation mode, Mode I, required more methanol and this resulted in high M:N ratios compared with later operation mode, Mode I-1. Salt in influent did not show inhibitory effects on denitrfication, although this was believed to increase effluent SS and soluble CODcr concentrations in Mode III, I-1 and IV, respectively. The concentrations of effluent soluble $COD_{Mn}$ did not changed much with influent salt.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.338-343
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• 2000

The effects of methanol extract of Rubus crategifolius roots and its solvent fractions were investigated on the proliferation of MCF-7 human breast carcinoma cells. The methanol extract inhibited the proliferation of MCF-7 cells in a concentration dependent manner. Moreover, their methanol soluble (W-M) fraction had the greatest inhibitory effect on the growth of MCF-7 cells. To evaluate whether the W-M fraction affects on the cell cycle of MCF-7 cells, cells treated with this fraction were analyzed with flow cytometry. The W-M fraction increased $G_0$/$G_1$phase after 24 h-treatment and induced apoptosis after 48 h-treatment. The hallmark of apoptosis, DNA fragmentation, also appeared by W-M fraction after 48 h-treatment. Furthermore, the methanol extract and its W-M fraction inhibited the activity of the topoisomerase 1 enzyme in the relaxation assay, From these results, their W-M fraction as well as methanol extract of R. crategifolius roots are necessary for further studies as a potent inhibitor of the growth of cancer cells.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.13 no.10
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• pp.911-919
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• 2004

The purpose of this research was evaluated economical effect to apply alternative external carbon source. Conventional activated sludge process in municipal wastewater treatment plant was adapted and introduced to Biological nutrient removal processes to meet the newly enforced effluent quality standard for nutrient removal in Korea. Low $COD/NH_4^+-N$ ratio and higher nutrient concentration of influent characteristics force to inject external carbon source for denitrifying recycled nitrate. In the most case, methanol was used as external carbon source. But Methanol is expensive and very dangerous in handling. So we could find cheaper and safer external carbon source substituted methanol in last study. This alternative external carbon source is named RCS(recoverd carbon source) and a by-product of fine chemical product at chemical plant. When RCS was applied real municipal wastewater treatment plant, average $55\~65\%$ of T-N removal efficiency, 8.8mg/l of effluent T-N concentration, 11.3mg/l of effleunt COD concentration were obtained without effluent COD increase as against used methanol. To apply RCS in municipal wastewater treatment plant obtain approximately $\74.5%$ expenditure cost reduction in comparison with methanol dosage cost.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.34-39
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• 2003

This study was conducted to investigate effects of Ramaria botrytis methanol extract on liver damage in benzo$({\alpha})$pyrene(B$({\alpha})$P)-treated mice. The activities of serum amminotransferase, cytochrome P-450, aminopyrine N-demethylase, aniline hydroxylase and hepatic content of lipid peroxide after B$({\alpha})$P-treatment were increased than control, but those levels were significantly decreased by the treatment of Ramaria botrytis methanol extract. Whereas, the hepatic glutathione content and activities of glutathionie S-transferase and r-glutamylcysteine syntherase were increased by the treatment of Ramaria botrytis methanol extract. In addition, cytochrome P-450 1A1 izozyme protein level, remarkably increased by B$({\alpha})$P-treatment was decreased by the treatment with methanol extract of Ramaria botrytis. These results suggest that the protective effect of methanol extract of Ramaria botrytis on liver injury in B$({\alpha})$P-treated mice may be due to reduction of oxygen free radical.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.18-25
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• 1990

As polysaccharides in lignocellulosic materials are encrusted with aromatic lignin molecules and have high crystallinity, these require pretreatment to improve their digestability by cellulolytic enzymes. Though a number of pretreatment methods have been proposed, the steam explosion process is evaluated as a promising method. This study was performed to investigate the effect of delignification treatment by alkali, methanol and the others on the enzymatic hydrolysis. Delignification treatment resulted in great increase rate in enzymatic hydrolysis. Concerning to the effect of delignication reagents on the enzymatic hydrolysis, methanol treatment was more effective than alkali in the case of oak wood. In pine wood, the delignification did not showed any significant enhancement of hydrolysis rate. Complete delignification by Alkali-Oxygen. Alkali treatment showed high saccharification rate of 99.5%.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.244-248
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• 2001

This study was performed to investigate therapeutic effects of Carthami Semen, Paeoniae Raidx extracts and chitosan on the growth and differentiation of human periodontal ligament cell. We found that co-treatment of methanol extracts of Carthami Semen and chitosan significantly increased the growth of human periodontal ligament cell. However, the sigle treatment groups of the extracts showed only 20-30% of the growth increase. Alkaline phosphase activity, one of differentiation markers, was increased approximately 1.5- fold by co-treatment of methanol extract of Carthami Semen and chitosan and calcified nodule formation was also increased at the similar levels as the alkaline phosphatase. But the single treatment groups showed only 20-30% increases. These results suggest that Carthami Semen and chitosan co-treatment can be used efficiently for periodontium regeneration.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.240-245
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• 1999

Growth inhibitory effect of doenjang(Korean soypaste) methanol extracts in SRB assay using AGS human gastric adenocarcinoma cell, Hep 3B human hepatocellular carcinoma cell and HT 29 human colon cancer cell was studied. The treatment of doenjang methanol extracts(2mg/assay) to the AGS, Hep 3B and HT 29 cancer cells inhibited the growth of the cancer cells by 55%, 60%, and 71%, respectively. Doenjang methanol extracts exhibited the highest inhibitory effect among other soybean fermented foods and original materials in the SRB assay. In addition, to separate active compounds of doenjang methanol extracts, we fractionated the doenjang with hexane, methanol, dichloromethane, ethylacetate and butanol. Growth inhibitory effect on the AGS, Hep 3B, HT 29 and MG 63 cancer cells was the highest in the fractions of dichloromethane and ethylacetate among other solvent fractions of the doenjang. These results showed that some compounds contained in the fractions of dichloromethane and ethylacetate might play a role on the anticanceric effect of doenjang.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.191-198
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• 2000

For a characterization of the pretreated waste automotive catalyst the following analysis techniques were applied : EA(Elemental Analysis) BET(Brunaure-Emmett-Teller) and ICP-AES(Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometry). The combustion activity of waste automotive catalyst was investigated for methanol acetaldehyde and toluene as model VOCs in a fixed bed reactor. carbon deposit amount was decreased with increasing catalyst showed a good catalytic activity for VOCs combustion at 40$0^{\circ}C$. Catalytic activity for methanol acetaldehyde and toluence combustion was very excellent and decreased with mileage. The catalytic activity of a waste automotive catalyst for methanol combustion increased after acid treatment. The acid effect of catalytic activity was summarized as follows: HNO3>HCI>H2SO4>CH3COOH. The waste automotive catalyst regenerated by the pretreatment method might have a excellent catalytic activity for VOCs combustion.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.578-582
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• 2002

This study was conducted to determine whether pectinase treatment would affect the process of alcohol fer-mentation with persimmon. The pectinase did not change pH and total acidity throughout the alcohol fermentation. However, the concentrations of reducing sugar were significantly lowered with the fermentation time, compared with controls. During the alcohol fermertation, the concentration of reducing sugar decreased rapidly up to 60 hours, unchanged from 60 to 72 hours, and then increased thereafter. The total alcohol concentrations of pectinase-treated groups were significantly higher than that of alcohol fermentation containing without pectinase. Among concentration 200 and 500 ppm had the most pronounced increase in the yield (%) of total alcohol (96%, respectively) and then, 300, 400 ppm and control in descending order. The contents of 5 major alcohols (acetaldehyde, methanol, n-propy alcohol, iso-butyl alcohol and iso-amyl alcohol) were measured. Among alcohol constituents, acetaldehyde and methanol were detected to be the lowest at control and methanol the highest at 200 ppm. These observations indicated that pectinase treatment would increase the yield of total alcohol, whereas it also raised methanol production during persimmon alcohol fermentation.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.124-129
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• 2003

This study was designed to investigate whether a methanol extract of chlorella can suppress oxidative stress and nuclear factor kB (NFkB) activation in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 murine macrophage cells. Treatment of RAW 264.7 cells with chlorella methanol extract (25, 50, and 100 $\mu$g/mL) significantly reduced LPS-stimulated nitric oxide production in a dose-dependent manner. Treatments with chlorella methanol extract at all concentrations also reduced thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances accumulation and enhanced glutathione level at 50 and 100 $\mu$g/mL levels. The specific DNA binding activities of NFkB on nuclear extracts in cells treated with 50 $\mu$g/mL and 100 $\mu$g/mL chlorella methanol extracts were significantly suppressed. These results suggest that chlorella methanol extract has mild antioxidative activity and the ability to suppress intracellular oxidative stress and NFkB activation.