• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Veterinary Pathology Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.57-57
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• 2003

Canine osteosarcoma is the most common bone tumor in dog and is characterized by locally aggressive and highly metastatic behavior [1]. Generally malignant tumors meta stasizes by hematogenious routes and rarely through lymphatic pathway, and the lymph node is uncommon metastatic site [2,3]. In this case, the patient has a typical osteosarcoma on his proximal humerus that is the common form of canine OS [4,5]. But the tumor made severe metastatic form to the right axillary lymph node which has a diffuse contribution of osteoid matrix all of the tissue. So, the case is the valuable topic for evaluate the correlation of metastasis to lymph node which is near the primary tumor region and pro gnosis of canine appendicular osteosarcoma. (omitted)

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.1011-1015
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• 2005

Antitumor and anti-metastatic effects of mineral powder(MP) were studied. In the present study, MP did not exhibit the any cytotoxic activity against leukemic cells such as L1210 and U937 tumor cell lines in vitro. Also, MP did not exhibit the any cytotoxic activity against solid cells such as A549 and B16-BL6 tumor cell lines in vitro. However, in vivo, MP exhibit a significant antitumor activity in BDF1 mice bearing Lewis lung carcinoma cells(LLC) with inhibition rates of 46 and $23\%$ at 200 and 100 mg/kg/day, respectively. Furthermore, in pulmonary colonization assay, MP exhibit the inhibitory effect of tumor metastasis. From these results, it was concluded that MP had antitumor and anti-metastatic activity suggesting its application for the prevention and treatment of cancer.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.499-503
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• 2001

Tracheal tumors are uncommon comprising less than 0.1% of all malignancies. Metastatic tracheal tumors, especially from the extrathoracic sites, are exceedingly rare. Ovarian cancer tends to metastasize to the serous cavities and the lymph nodes. One large autopsy study reported tracheal involvement in 1% of patients who had died from ovarian cancer. Other studies have not mentioned tracheal involvement at all. Since the main symptoms of cough, hemoptysis, or wheezing are nonspecific, patients may be initially treated for other conditions including asthma or bronchitis. Here we describe a metastatic tracheal tumor from an ovarian carcinoma that was initially treated for bronchial asthma.

• The Korean Journal of Cytopathology
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.185-189
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• 1997

A sex cord tumor with annnular tubules is a relatively rare ovarian neoplasm. The cytologic findings from a fine needle aspiration biopsy of neck metastasis of a sex cord tumor with annnular tubules are described. The origin of the neck metastasis was the right ovary, and the tumor was diagnosed six years ago. The cytologic findings were characterized by tumor cells arranged in solid or follicular patterns. The tumor cells formed rosette-like or complex tubular structures with central rounded or coalesced hyaline materials. It was difficult to distinguish this tumor cytologically from granulosa cell tumor, thyroid follicular neoplasm, Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor, and Brenner tumor, but complex tubular structures were helpful in discriminating between these tumors.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.457-466
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• 1992

An 11 years old Irish Setter bitch was euthanlzed and necropsied because of clinical findings such as severe purulent nasal discharge and formation of large tumor mass, 8 ${\times}$8cm in size, in the abdominal cavity. A complete unilateral mastectomy had been carried out twice 14 and 22 months before necropsy. The surgically removed masess of the mammary glands had been diagnosed as malignant mixed tumor in each time. Grossly, tumor masses were observed in nasal cavity, infralumbar lymph node, lung, abdominal cavityn and brain. Microscopic findings of the surgically removed masses consisted of tumor epithelial cells, tumor hyaline cartilage-like structures and abundant connective tissues. The mass of the lymph node had similar microscopic features to those of the original malignant mixed tumor of the mammary glands. The tumor osseous tissue and osteoid were observed in the abdominal cavity, lung, and brain. Myoepithelial cells were frequently found on association with the metastatic tumors. From the results, it was concluded that malignant mixed tumor of the mammary glands metastasized to the infralunbar lymph node, abdominal cavity, lung and brain. In addition, the observation in this study supported two theories at the same time that the bone in malignant mixed tumor arises by endochondral ossification of the cartilage formed by the myoepithelial cells and arises by intramembranous ossification of stromal connective tissue or transformed myeopithelial cells. Solid carcinoma of the nasal epielia and granulosa cell tumor were also diagnosed in a mass of the nasal cavity and of the ovaries respectively.

• The Journal of the Korean bone and joint tumor society
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.45-51
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• 1995

The incidence of metastatic bony lesion has been increased recently, with the advanced therapeutic modalities of malignant tumors. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of surgical treatment in impending or established pathologic fractures due to metastasis in extremity. From 1981 to 1992, thirty two patients who had established or impending pathologic fractures in extremity had been treated surgically. The locations of metastasis, were lower extremity in 24 cases(femsral head and neck;5, intertrochanteric;7, subtrochanteric;8, femoral shaft;4) and upper extremity in 8 cases(proximal humerus;2, humoral shaft;6). The method of surgery was excision of tumor mass and rigid internal fixation to allow immediate mobilization, except 2 cases of amputation. The results were analysed by two criteria. The first was the grade of performance status that was made by modification of Functional Classification of New York Heart Association. The second was the degree of pain relief. The performance status was improved at least one grade in all patients and the mean improvement was 1.7 grades. The satisfactory pain relief was achieved in 81% of patients. Postoperatively, most of the patients had only slight to moderate limitation of physical activities and they became comfortable at rest and ordinary activities. The solitary metastatic lesions showed better pain relief(92%) than multiple metastasis(75%). The curative surgery was done in 3 cases, and they showed more than 24 months of disease-free survival.

• The Journal of the Korean bone and joint tumor society
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.72-77
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• 1996

Metastaic bone tumors are usually accompanied with severe pain. The treatment modalities for this pain are so variable that patients are sometimes afraid of using them. Salmon calcitonin has a function to increase beta-endorphines followed by increasing the blood level of prostaglandin and thromboxan A2, which results in analgesic effect. This drug also has been known to decrease bone resorption. There were a few reports that parenteral use of salmon calcitonin decrease the pain from metastatic bone tumor. We wanted to know the effectiveness and tolerability of nasal spray of salmon calcitonin in relieving bone pain with metastatic tumor. We analyzed the effectiveness in the aspects of pain, sleep, performance status, mobility, supplementary analgesic use. The biologic effect of salmon calcitonin was analysed with CBC, Ca/P, BUN/Cr, uric acid. Simple radiography, alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin, pyrilink-K were used as parameters for bone change. Eighteen cases of metastatic bone tumors took nasal spray of salmon calcitonin($Miacalcic^{(R)}$, 200IU/day) for 4 weeks, to relieve bone pain. With Wilcoxon Matched-Pairs Signed Ranks Test, we could find pain decreased significantly at 3 week and mobility become improved at 4 week of salmon calcitonin use. Other parameters didn't show any significant changes. We think the analgesic effect is mainly due to effect not on the local bone lesion but on the central nervous system, and that increased dose of salmon calcitonin can induce earlier and stronger analgesic effect.

• The Korean Journal of Cytopathology
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.160-165
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• 1993

Phyllodes tumor of the breast, especially malignant, is a rare tumor which has characteristic cytologic features. We recently experienced a case of fine needle aspiration cytology of malignant phyllodes tumor of the breast metastatic to the lung. The aspirate showed cellular smear with biphasic population of epithelial and stromal cells. Many individual large cells with round hyperchromatic nuclei were found in the necrotic background and stromal cell atypia was also present. Chondrosarcomatous fragments were also seen in cytologic specimens.

• The Journal of the Korean bone and joint tumor society
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.94-98
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• 1998

Clear cell sarcoma of the kidney (CCSK) is a rare malignant tumor of the renal origin in childhood, distinguished from Wilms tumor by its pathologic and clinical features. Bone metastasis is one of the characteristic clinical features. The common site of metastasis of the clear cell Sarcoma of the kidney is axial skeleton including skull, spines, ribs and femur. A cases of clear cell Sarcoma of the kidney presented to us, which solely metastasized to the hand bones without metastasizing to any other tissues including axial skeleton. We report this case with review of literatures.

• The Journal of the Korean bone and joint tumor society
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.133-138
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• 2001

Purpose : To analyze the clinical behaviors and survivorship of metastatic bone tumors. Materials and Methods : One hundred and ninty-eight metastatic bone tumors had been diagnosed from January 1982 to December 1998. Age and sex distribution, primary cancer types. metastatic sites, duration from diagnosed of primary tumors to bony metastases and survivorship were analysed. Results : Mean age was 57(24~86) years old. Lung(32.3%) and breast(16.2%) cancers were two most common primary foci. The spines was the most common site of metastases especially lumbar region(38%). Survivorship analysis was done in one hundred and fifteen patients who had been followed up. The mean survival period was 15.3 months. The survivorship of hepatoma(7.1 Mons), lung(8.72 Mons) and renal cell(4.8 Mons)cancers was relatively shorter and breast cancer(54.1 Mons) longest. Conclusion : The mean age of metastatic bone tumors of this study was older than the past reports. The axial skeletons especially spine was predominant metastatic site. The survivorship of metastatic bone tumor decreased sharply as time goes by, so early diagnosis is clue for longer survival after bony metastases.