• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.847-859
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• 2011

cDNA microarray-based comparative genomic hybridization(CGH) data includes low-intensity spots and thus a statistical strategy is needed to detect subtle differences between different cancer classes. In this study, genes displaying a high frequency of alteration in one of the different classes were selected among the pre-selected genes that show relatively large variations between genes compared to total variations. Utilizing copy-number changes of the selected genes, this study suggests a statistical approach to predict patients' classes with increased performance by pre-classifying patients with similar genetic alteration scores. Two-stage logistic regression model(TLRM) was suggested to pre-classify homogeneous patients and predict patients' classes for cancer prediction; a decision tree(DT) was combined with logistic regression on the set of informative genes. TLRM was constructed in cDNA microarray-based CGH data from the Cancer Metastasis Research Center(CMRC) at Yonsei University; it predicted the patients' clinical diagnoses with perfect matches (except for one patient among the high-risk and low-risk classified patients where the performance of predictions is critical due to the high sensitivity and specificity requirements for clinical treatments. Accuracy validated by leave-one-out cross-validation(LOOCV) was 83.3% while other classification methods of CART and DT performed as comparisons showed worse performances than TLRM.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.17
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• pp.7393-7400
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• 2015

Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 9, a key member of multifunctional family of zinc dependent endopeptidases has been found to be upregulated during inflammation and in some cancers. MMPs cleave extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins and play critical roles in cellular apoptosis, angiogenesis, tumor growth and metastasis. Several genetic polymorphisms have been identified that show allele specific effects on MMP9 regulation and are associated with gastric cancer, the fourth most common malignancy in the world. Besides Helicobacter pylori infection, genetic predisposition is another documented risk factor for gastric carcinoma. The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) at position -1562C/T of MMP9 results in the modulation for binding of transcription factors to the MMP9 gene promoter and thereby causes differences in protein expression and enzymatic activity. MMP9 transcriptional regulation during gastric cancer development remains poorly known although several studies have demonstrated associations between MMP9 -1562 C/T polymorphism with different diseases. Knowledge on mechanisms of MMP9 upregulation during gastric cancer may provide new paradigm in diagnostics and therapeutics.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.12
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• pp.6087-6091
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• 2012

Context: Patients diagnosed with a cancer have a life time risk of developing another de novo malignancy depending on various inherited, environmental and iatrogenic risk factors. Of late the detection of new primary has increased mainly due to refinement in both diagnostic and treatment modalities. Cancer victims are surviving longer and thus are more likely to develop a new metachronous malignancy. Aims: To report our observed trend of increase in prevalence of both synchronous and metachronous second malignant neoplasms among cancer victims and to review the relevant literature. Settings and Design: A hospital based retrospective collection of prospective data of patients diagnosed with second denovo malignancy. Materials and Method: The study was conducted over a 5 year period from July 2008 to June 2012. All patients diagnosed with a histologically proven second malignancy as per Warren Gate's criteria were included. Various details regarding sex, age at presentation, synchronous or metachronous, treatment and outcome were recorded. Conclusions: The occurrence of multiple primary malignancies is not rare. Awareness of the possibility alerts the clinician in evaluation of patients with a known malignancy presenting with unusual sites of metastasis. Individualizing the treatment according to the stages of the primaries will result in durable cancer control particularly in synchronous double malignancy.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.169-176
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• 2010

Purpose: This study was done to investigate clinical characteristics and risk factors for sleep disturbance in patients with prostate cancer. Method: Participants were recruited from P hospital outpatient clinic from March 23 to April 20, 2006, and 101 participants completed a questionnaire assessing general and clinical characteristics, sleep quality, physical symptoms and psychological symptoms such as anxiety and depression. The data was analyzed using the SPSS 12.0 program. Results: In this study, 29.7% of the patients reported sleep disturbance. Cancer diagnosis related factors which affected sleep disturbance were onset (55.3%) and aggravation (83.3%). Habitual sleep efficiency of patients with sleep disturbance was as follows: bedtime was 10 PM, wake-up time was 6AM, sleep duration was six hours and twenty minutes. Risk factors for the presence of sleep disturbance included metastasis, the presence of intestinal symptoms, depression and anxiety. Conclusion: Sleep disturbance is a frequent problem associated with prostate cancer and seems to be influenced by aggravation of illness and the presence of physical and psychological symptoms.

• Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
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• v.42 no.sup1
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• pp.52-59
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• 2008

In the management of colo-retal and anal cancer, accurate staging, treatment evaluation, early detection of recurrence are main clinical problems. F-18 FDG PET (PET/CT) has been reported as useful in the management of colo-rectal and anal cancer because that PET has high diagnostic performance comparing to conventional studies. In case of liver metastases, for confirmation of no extrahepatic metastases, in case of high risk of metastasis, for avoiding unnecessary operation, PET (PET/CT) is expected more useful. In anal cancer, PET is expected useful in lymph node staging. For the early prediction of chemotherapy or radiation therapy effect PET has been reported as useful, also. In early detection of recurrence by PET, cost-benefit advantages has been suggested, also. PET/CT is expected to have higher diagnostic performance than PET alone.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.213-223
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• 2001

Breast cancer accounts for the higher proportion of cancer related deaths among women, and the incidence of this malignant disease is still increasing. The commonly used screening method is mammography. However, mammography has the drawback of low specificity in differentiating malignant and benign breast diseases. To overcome this low specificity of mammography, scintimammography using various radiopharmaceuticals such as Thallium-201, Tc-99m MIBI, Tc-99m tetrofosmin and Tc-99m MDP was introduced and now actively under the investigation. Several studios have shown that high sensitivity and specificity in detection of primary breast cancer and axillary lymph node metastases using these radiopharmaceuticals. Scintimammography may play important roles in the diagnosis of primary breast cancer, evaluation of the patients with high risk, determining axillary lymph node metastasis, evaluation of the response to chemotherapy, determining the extent of disease, and surveillance of local recurrence. In the future, we should investigate the prognostic role of scintimammography after treatment of breast cancer patients and cost-effectiveness of scintimammography in the detection of primary breast cancer.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.7-14
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• 2014

Endoscopic resection is the established treatment for early gastric cancer in selected patients with negligible risk of lymph node metastasis ('absolute indication'). Based on clinical observations and large pathological databases, expanding indications for endoscopic resection beyond absolute indication has been tried in Japan and Korea. However, controversies exist regarding the safety of treating early gastric cancer beyond absolute indication in terms of pathological evaluation of the resected specimen, definition of expanded indication, discrepancy between pre-endoscopic resection and post-endoscopic resection diagnoses of gastric neoplasm, and the best strategy for cases with non-curative resection. In this brief review, current evidence and clinical experience regarding issues of endoscopic resection beyond absolute indication will be summarized.

• The Journal of the Korean bone and joint tumor society
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.59-64
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• 1998

Parosteal osteosarcoma is characterized as a densely ossifying lesion, usually occurring on the surface near the metaphyses of a long bone. The histological pattern is a well- differentiated mature bone trabeculae with a hypocellular spindle-cell stroma. The cytological details are those of a low-grade malignant lesion. The natural history of this lesion is indolent local growth, late invasion of the underlying bone, and infrequently, distant metastasis. However, there is a significant risk of eventual dedifferentiation into a high-grade lesion. We report here-a case of parosteal osteosarcoma dedifferentiated into a high-grade lesion, which occurred in the left distal femur of a 40-years-old woman, and discuss the experience in detail.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.537-541
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• 1990

Early esophageal carcinoma is defined as a lesion wherein invasion is confined to the mucosa and submucosa without metastasis to lymph node or other organs. Postoperative 5-year survival rate for early esophageal carcinoma is much superior than advanced carcinoma. Unfortunately, because of the anatomic characteristic of esophagus and absence of specific early symptoms, detection is frequently belated, and advanced disease is present at the time of the initial diagnosis. We experienced 2 cases of early esophageal carcinoma. They complained no specific symptoms. The diagnosis was made by barium esophagogram, esophagofiberscopy with dye staining and endoscopic biopsy. We performed esophagectomy with esophagogastrostomy. All had good postoperative course without any complication. We concluded that the combined use of double contrast radiography, esopagofiberscopy aided by intraluminal staining with Toluidine blue or Lugol`s solution, and endoscopic biopsy is very important in the diagnosis of early esophageal carcinoma in high risk patient group.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.53 no.4
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• pp.191-199
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• 2020

Surgeons recommend dissecting lymph nodes in the thorax, abdomen, and neck during surgery for esophageal cancer because of the possibility of metastasis to the lymph nodes in those areas through the lymphatic plexus of the esophageal submucosal layer. Extensive lymph node dissection is essential for accurate staging and is thought to improve survival. However, it can result in several complications, including chyle leakage, which refers to continuous lymphatic fluid leakage and can occur in the thorax, abdomen, and neck. Malnutrition, fluid imbalance, and immune compromise may result from chyle leakage, which can be potentially life-threatening if it persists. Therefore, various treatment methods, including conservative treatment, pharmacological treatment such as octreotide infusion, and interventions such as thoracic duct embolization and surgical thoracic duct ligation, have been applied. In this article, the risk factors, diagnosis, and treatment methods of chyle leakage after esophagectomy are reviewed.