• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권17호
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• pp.7491-7496
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• 2015

Background: Biomarkers in breast neoplasms provide invaluable information regarding prognosis and help determining the optimal treatment. We investigated the possible correlation between cancer stem cell (CSC) markers (CD133, and ALDH1) in invasive ductal breast carcinomas with some clinicopathological parameters. Aim: To assess the correlation between expression of cancer stem cell (CSC) markers (CD133, and ALDH1) and clinicopathological parameters of invasive ductal breast carcinomas. Materials and Methods: Immunohistochemical analysis of CD133 and ALDH1 was performed on a series of 120 modified radical mastectomy (MRM) specimens diagnosed as invasive ductal breast carcinoma. Results: Expression of both CD133 and ALDH1 was significantly changed and related to tumor size, tumor stage (TNM), and lymph node metastasis. A negative correlation between CD133 and ALDH1 was found. Conclusions: Detecting the expression of CD133 and ALDH1 in invasive ductal breast carcinomas may be of help in more accurately predicting the aggressive properties and determining the optimal treatment.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.1737-1744
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• 2012

Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a pluripotent cytokine which plays roles in inflammation, immune responses and cancer development. It assists macrophages in carrying out functions like phagocytosis, adherence and motility. Of late, MIF is implicated in almost all stages of neoplasia and expression is a feature of most types of cancer. The presence of MIF in almost all tumors and all stages of cancer makes it an interesting candidate for cancer therapy. This review explores the roles of MIF in neoplasia.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.78-84
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• 2017

A 73-year-old non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patient admitted due to cough, sputum, and dyspnea, aggravated a week ago. She was diagnosed as pneumonia based on the assessment of inflammation markers, chest X-ray and sputum culture. Computed tomography (CT) scan was conducted to exclude malignant tumor metastasis. At the initiation of treatment, considering underlying disease and inflammation marker level, herbal medicine and antibiotics were concurrently used and antibiotics had been discontinued after 10days. Using the monotherapy of herbal medicine in the next 6 days, chest X-ray showed remarkably decreased infiltration in right middle lung and right lower lung. This case represented additional improvement of chest X-ray when treated only with herb medicine after termination of antibiotic therapy and demonstrated the possibility of applying herbal medicine in patients with limited use of antibiotics.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.3521-3526
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• 2013

Objective: The current study explored the expression of KAI1/CD82 and MRP1/CD9 and its significance in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC). Methods: The expression levels of KAI1/CD82 and MRP1/CD9 in 100 LSCC tissue specimens, as well as in 30 para-LSCC non-carcinomatous tissue specimens randomly taken from the patients, were assessed using the quantitative polymerase chain reaction (Q-PCR) and immunohistochemistry and correlations with pathological parameters of LSCC and their influence on survival function were analyzed. Results: KAI1/CD82 and MRP1/CD9 showed basically consistent changes in both mRNA and protein expression. Their expression in the 30 LSCC specimens was significantly lower compared with that in the corresponding non-carcinous tissues (P < 0.01 or 0.05), notably correlating with TNM stage, differentiation degree, clinical stage, and lymphatic metastasis (P < 0.01 or 0.05), but not gender, age, and LSCC growth sites (P > 0.05). The median survival of patients with positive KAI1/CD82 and MRP1/CD9 protein expression was longer than that of patients with negative protein expression (P < 0.01 or 0.05). KAI1/CD82 protein expression negatively correlated with MRP1/CD9 protein expression in LSCC (${\chi}^2$= 31.25, P < 0.01). Conclusion: KAI1/CD82 and MRP1/CD9 may jointly participate in the development of LSCC. They may serve as the markers for judging the infiltration, metastasis, and prognosis of LSCC.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.527-535
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• 1996

연구배경 : 내피세포와 백혈구 및 상피세포에서 주로 발견되는 sICAM-1은 백혈구 표면의 배위자인 (ligand)인 LFA-1과 결합함으로서 염증성 질환 이외에 악성 종양의 전이와 진행에 중요한 역할을 하는 것으로 알려졌다. 최근에는 혈청내 sICAM-1의 농도가 악성 흑세포종의 전이와 비례하여 증가되는 것으로 보고되었으며, 또한 sICAM-1의 이형이 여러 질환에서 발견되고 이들의 혈청 농도의 증가는 위암, 대장암, 담낭암, 췌장암의 간전이와 관련되며, 악성 흑세포종 환자의 생존율의 감소와 관련되는 것으로 보고하였으나 폐암에서는 이에 대한 보고는 거의 없다. 이에 저자들은 폐암 환자의 혈청에서 sICAM-1을 측정하여 폐암의 조직학적 분류와 진행 및 전이의 정도에 따른 변화를 알아보고 폐암의 진단적 가치에 대하여 알아 보고자 하였다. 방법 : 1995년 1월부터 1996년 3월까지 전북대학교병원 내과에 입원하여 폐암을 진단 받은 환자 38명을 대상으로 하였으며, 정상 대조군은 비슷한 연령의 다른 질환을 갖고 있지 않은 8명을 대상으로 하였으며, 기관지 내시경을 통한 조직 생검이나 경피적 세침 흡입술을 이용하여 확진을 하였으며, 각 조직학적 분류에 따른 진행정도를 알기 위하여 TNM system 을 이용하여 분류하였고, 소세포 폐암은 limited stage와 extensive stage로 분류하였다. Genzyme사의 Predicts sICAM-1 ELISA kit를 이용하여 혈청 sICAM-1농도를 측정하였다. 결과 : 1. 소세포 폐암군에서 혈청 sICAM-1은 정상 대조군에 비해 유의한 증가가 없었으나, extensive stage군에서 limited stage군에 비해 유의한 증가를 보였다. 2. 편평상피암군에서 혈청 sICAM-1은 정상 대조군에 비해 유의한 증가를 보였으며, stage IIIa기 이하군에 비해 stage IIIb기 이상군에서 유의한 증가를 보였다. 3. 선폐암 환자군에서 혈청내 sICAM-1은 정상 대조군에 비해 유의한 증가를 보였다. 결론 : 혈청 sICAM-1농도의 변화는 폐암의 조직학적 분류에 따라 다르게 나타나며, 폐암의 전이 및 진행과 관련이 있을 것으로 보인다. 폐암 환자에서 혈청 sICAM-1농도의 측정은 폐암에서 진행의 정도를 평가하는 데 지표로서 이용될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 대한두경부종양학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.148-154
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• 2001

Objectives: This study was designed to investigate the significance of serum SCC antigen, CA 19-9, CA 125 level and DNA microsatellite alterations (MSA) as prognostic factors and indicators for recurrences in the pre-treatment and post-treatment state, respectively in head and neck cancer patients. Materials and Methods: 120 patients who received curative treatment for head and neck cancer from 1995 to 2000 were followed up successfully, and were analyzed retrospectively. Thirty healthy subjects served as normal controls. Serum SCC Ag levels were measured by microparticle enzyme immunoassay technique via IMX SCC assay, CA 19-9 levels were measured by CA 19-9 RIA test kit, and CA 125 levels were measured by CA 125 IRMA kit. MSA were identified after PCR amplification. Heterozygosity was considered lost if the ratio of one allele was significantly decreased (>50%) in serum DNA compared with normal DNA from lymphocytes. Results: Preoperative tumor markers were higher in cancer patients than control, but not significant. Postoperative SCC Ag levels were lower than preoperative levels. The SCC Ag levels were remained low in no evidence of disease (NED) group, but increased in locoregional recurrence and distant metastasis group. CA 19-9 and CA 125 levels showed no correlation between levels and recurrences and were not decreased significantly after primary tumor removal. MSA were detected in five out of 21 cases, and highly detected in distant metastasis group. Conclusion: SCC Ag seems to be a helpful serum tumor marker for early detection of recurrence and distant metastasis of head and neck cancer after curative treatment. But, CA 19-9 and CA 125 were not reliable markers for head and neck tumors. MSA were not statistically significant because of the small number of study group. However they may be helpful for screening serum molecular markers for early detection of distant metastasis of head and neck cancers.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제47권6호
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• pp.797-806
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• 1999

연구배경: 소세포 폐암은 진단 당시 약 20% 이상에서 진단 당시 골수전이가 발견됨으로써 초기의 혈행성 전이가 중요한 예후인자일 것으로 추정되고 있다. 따라서 진단 또는 치료당시 기존의 검사수기로는 확인할 수 없었던 미세전이를 확인할 수 있다면 환자의 치료방침 및 예후결정에 유효한 지표가 될 수 있을 것으로 기대되어 왔다. 최근 cytokeratin(CK)-20 이 골수와 같은 조혈기관에서는 발현되지 않으면서 상피세포에서만 발현되는 것으로 알려져서 이 표지자가 소세포 폐암과 같은 상피세포암의 골수 미세전이의 발견에 효과적일 가능성을 사사하고 있다. 방 법: 소세포암세포주인 H209와 정상인의 혈구세포를 대상으로 CK-20 발현을 비교하였고, 소세포 폐암환자의 병기결정을 위한 경사로서 골수천자를 시행하면서 동시에 골수를 수집하여 이로부터 RNA를 수출하여 CK-20에 대한 primer를 이용하여 RT-PCR을 시행하였다. 결 과: H209 세포주에서는 CK-20의 발현이 관찰된 반면, 정상 혈구세포에서는 관찰되지 않아서 CK-20이 조혈세포에서는 발현되지 않고, 상피조직에 서만 특이적으로 발현되는 것으로 생각되었다. 28명의 소세포 폐암환자중 제한기가 11명, 확장기 환자가 17명이었으며, 17명의 확장기 환자가운데 골수조직검사상 골수 침범이 확인되었거나 또는 골주사검사상 전이가 확인된 환자는 7명(41%)이었다. CK-20에 대한 PCR 결과 각각 LD 11예종 l예(10%), ED 17예 중 1예(6%)에서 CK-20의 증폭이 관찰되었다. CK-20의 증폭이 관찰된 2예 중 ED 환자는 골수전이가 있었고, LD 환자는 진단당시는 원격전이가 없는 제한기의 환자였으나 후에 골전이가 관찰되었다. 결 론: 증폭이 관찰된 2 예의 환자가 모두 임상적으로는 골수 전이가 없는 상태에서 골전이가 발견됨으로써 CK-20의 발현이 혈행성 미세전이의 발견에 유용할 수 있을 가능성이 있을 것으로 추정할 수는 있으나, 골수전이가 확인되었던 7명중 6명에서는 CK-20이 발현되지 않아서, CK-20 보다 좀 더 유용한 표지자의 개발이 필요할 것으로 생각된다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권12호
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• pp.4933-4938
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• 2014

Background: Although various tumor markers have been utilized in management of stomach cancer (SC), only a few reports have described relevance of examples such as CYFRA 21-1 and neuron-specific enolase (NSE). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential diagnostic performance of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), CA 19-9, CA72-4, CYFRA 21-1 and NSE in patients with SC. Materials and Methods: Ninety-six SC patients with pathologic confirmation between 2012 and 2013 were enrolled. Serum levels of five tumor markers were analyzed using a solid-phase immunoradiometric assay. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were plotted for the five tumor markers to investigate their diagnostic powers and adjusted cutoff values derived from analysis of ROC curves were evaluated to calculate the sensitivity of each for SC with recommended cutoff values. Results: Based on two different cutoff values (recommended and adjusted), CYFRA 21-1 (${\geq}2.0$ and 1.2 ng/ml) had a respective sensitivity of 50% and 78.1%, compared with 8.3% and 18.8% for CEA (${\geq}7.0$ and 3.9 ng/ml), 15.6% and 18.8% for CA 19-9 (${\geq}37$ and 26.7 ng/ml), 28.1% and 9.6% for CA 72-4 (${\geq}4.0$ and 13 ng/ml) and 7.3% and 7.3% for NSE (${\geq}14.7$ and 15.0 ng/ml) in the initial staging of primary SC. The area under the curve (AUC) for CYFRA 21-1, with a value of 0.978 (95% confidence interval, 0.964-0.991) was comparatively the highest. Univariate analysis revealed significant relationships between tumor marker level and lymph node involvement, metastasis and staging with CYFRA 21-1, CA 72-4 and NSE. Conclusions: CYFRA 21-1 was the most sensitive tumor marker and showed the most powerful diagnostic performance among the five SC tumor markers. NSE and CA 72-4 are significantly related to lymph node involvement, metastasis or stage. Further evaluations are warranted to clarify the clinical usefulness and prognostic prediction of these markers in SC.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권7호
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• pp.3299-3304
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• 2014

Background: The aim of the present study was to analyze whether Homer1 is a potential prognostic marker for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC). Materials and Methods: The expression of Homer1 in ICC tissue was detected with immunohistochemistry and levels of protein in ICC and paratumor tissues were evaluated by Western blotting. Survival analysis by the Kaplan-Meier method was performed to assess prognostic significance. Results: Homer1 expression was high in 67.4% (58/86) of ICC samples, and there was significant difference between ICC and adjacent noncancerous tissues (p<0.001); high expression was associated with poor histologic differentiation (p=0.019), TNM stage (p=0.014), lymph node metastasis (p=0.040), and lymphatic invasion (p=0.025). On Kaplan-Meier analysis, a comparison of survival curves of low versus high expressors of Homer1 revealed a highly significant difference in OS (p=0.001) and DFS (p=0.006), indicating that high expression of Homer1 was linked with a worse prognosis. Multivariate analyses showed that Homer1 expression was an independent risk factor predicting overall survival[Hazard ratio(HR), 7.52; 95% confidence interval (CI), 2.63-21.47; p=0.002] and disease-free survival (HR, 11.56; 95%CI, 5.17-25.96; p<0.001) in ICC. Conclusions: Homer1 promotes lymphatic invasion and associates with lymph node metastasis and poor prognosis of ICC. The current study shows that Homer1 may be an independent prognostic factor for ICC patients after curative resection, and it provides an important basis for screening/treating high-risk patients.

• Journal of Korean Medical Science
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• 제33권47호
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• pp.303.1-303.10
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• 2018

Background: Cell division cycle 6 (CDC6) is an essential regulator of DNA replication and plays important roles in the activation and maintenance of the checkpoint mechanisms in the cell cycle. CDC6 has been associated with oncogenic activities in human cancers; however, the clinical significance of CDC6 in prostate cancer (PCa) remains unclear. Therefore, we investigated whether the CDC6 mRNA expression level is a diagnostic and prognostic marker in PCa. Methods: The study subjects included 121 PCa patients and 66 age-matched benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) patients. CDC6 expression was evaluated using real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemical (IH) staining, and then compared according to the clinicopathological characteristics of PCa. Results: CDC6 mRNA expression was significantly higher in PCa tissues than in BPH control tissues (P = 0.005). In addition, CDC6 expression was significantly higher in patients with elevated prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels (> 20 ng/mL), a high Gleason score, and advanced stage than in those with low PSA levels, a low Gleason score, and earlier stage, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that high expression of CDC6 was significantly associated with advanced stage (${\geq}T3b$) (odds ratio [OR], 3.005; confidence interval [CI], 1.212-7.450; P = 0.018) and metastasis (OR, 4.192; CI, 1.079-16.286; P = 0.038). Intense IH staining for CDC6 was significantly associated with a high Gleason score and advanced tumor stage including lymph node metastasis stage (linear-by-linear association, P = 0.044 and P = 0.003, respectively). Conclusion: CDC6 expression is associated with aggressive clinicopathological characteristics in PCa. CDC6 may be a potential diagnostic and prognostic marker in PCa patients.