• Transactions of the Society of Information Storage Systems
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.32-38
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• 2014

Heat emission from the laser diode used in the optical disc drive and the defects from the increased temperature at the system have attracted attentions from the field of the information storage device. Thermoelectric refrigerator is one of the fine solutions to solve these thermal problems. The refrigeration performance of thermoelectric device is dependent on the thermoelectric material's figure-of-merit. Meanwhile, high electrical contact resistivity between metal electrode and p- and n-type thermoelectric materials in the device would lead increased total electrical resistance resulting in the degeneracy in performance. This paper represents the manufacturing process of the PbTe-based material which has one of the highest figure-of-merit at medium-high-temperature, ~ 600K to 900 K, and the nickel contact layer for reduced electrical contact resistance at once, and the results showing the decent contact structure and figure-of-merit even after the long-term operation environment.

• Proceedings of the KAIS Fall Conference
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• 2003.06a
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• pp.239-242
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• 2003

Scale down으로 인해 부족해진 overlay margin을 통해 충분히 확보해주고, 이와 동시에 attPSM(attenuated phase shift)의 사용으로 발생하는 side-lobe 현상을 억제하기 위한 방법으로 rule-based OPC(optical proximity correction)룰 사용하여 side-lobe만을 효과적으로 추출한 후, 그 자리에 scattering bar를 삽입하였다. 그리고 ORC(optical rule checking)를 통해 original layout과 aerial image의 EPEs(edge placement errors)를 검사하여 검증에 걸리는 시간을 감소시켰다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Technology of Plasticity Conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.318-321
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• 2007

This paper is concerned with improvement of surface quality of a sheet metal member in the stamping process. The CAE procedure of the stamping process is utilized in order to investigate cause of surface troubles and to improve surface quality. A complicated shape of the sheet metal member can induce surface troubles such as wrinkles because of insufficient tensions force and non-uniform contact of a blank sheet with tools. This paper proposes two guidelines such as a change of tool shape and added draw-beads on the tool surface in order to increase tension forces and to induce uniform contact. The proposed guidelines are verified with the CAE of the stamping process. The CAE results show that the changed shape of tools and added draw-beads can reduce the amount of wrinkles and improve surface quality.

• Proceedings of the KAIS Fall Conference
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• 2002.05a
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• pp.106-108
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• 2002

반도체 physical layout design rule이 작아짐에 따라 Proximity effect와 overlay가 Pattern 구현에 크게 영향을 미치고 있다. Metal layer와 contact의 부족한 overlay margin으로 overlay 불량이 발생하고, 감소한 space margin으로 인해 bridge와 같은 문제가 나타난다. 따라서, resolution을 향상시키고, 최소한의 overlay margin을 확보함으로써 미세 pattern의 구현을 가능하게 한다. 이를 위해 OPC와 attPSM 같은 분해능향상기술이 사용된다. 그러나 attPSM의 사용은 원하지 않는 pattern이 생성되는 sidelobe와 같은 문제가 발생한다. 따라서 serial image simulation올 통해 추출한 rule을 rule-based correction에 적용하여 sidelobe현상을 방지한다. 그리고 overlay margin 부족으로 나타나는 문제는 metal layer와 contact overlap되는 영역의 line edge를 확장하고, rule checking을 통해 최소한의 space margin을 확보하여 해결한다 따라서 overlay error를 rule-based correction을 사용하여 효과적으로 방지한다.

• Proceedings of the Materials Research Society of Korea Conference
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• 2010.05a
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• pp.13-13
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• 2010

The solar energy conversion will take 10 % global energy need by 2033. A thin film type solar cell has been considered as one of the promising candidates for a large area applicable solar cell fabrication at a low cost. The metal-assisted growth of microcrystalline Si (mc-Si) films has been reported for a quality Si film synthesis at a low temperature. It discusses the spontaneous growth of a Si film above a metal-layer for a thin film solar cell. Quite recently, a substantial demand of nanomaterials has been addressed for cost-effective solar cells. The nanostructure provides a large photoactive surface at a fixed volume, which is an advantage in the effective use of solar power. But the promising of nanostructure active solar cell has not been much fulfilled due mainly to the difficulty in architecture of nanostructures. We present here the Si nanowire (SiNW)-embedded Schottky solar cell. Multiple SiNWs were connected to two different metals to form a Schottky or an ohmic contact according to the metal work function values. It discusses the scheme of rectifying contact between metals and SiNWs and the SiNW-embedded Schottky solar cell performances.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.18 no.11
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• pp.2967-2972
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• 1994

The multiple character of the contact interaction and the collective behavior of elementary microcontacts play a significant role in all the processes occurring in the surface layers, including the failure due to friction and wear. The array of metal spheres compressed between flat plates has been used for simulation of the contact behavior of multiple contact of solids under normal loading. An experimental design has been made providing regular array of the spheres at the same size with different spatial order. Measurement of electrial contact resistance has been made using the equipment providing the adequate accuracy in the range of micro Ohms. The data on electrical contact resistance have been compared with theoretical predictions using the multiple contact model of constriction resistance. The effect of single spots number and array on conductivity of contact has been evaluated.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.21 no.8
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• pp.776-781
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• 2008

In this study, ubiquitous health care system attaching in chair to monitor ECG for health care was developed at the unconsciousness state. The system conveniently and simple measured ECG at non-consciousness. We measured the contact impedance to skin-electrode of metal mesh electrodes of the system. Contact impedance enable the electrode to use for ECG measurement. The results are that the impedance of the metal mesh electrodes according to sizes is low when the size is 4$cm^2$. As the result, when the size of the metal mesh electrode is 4$cm^2$, the electrode is fit for ECG measurement. We can acquired by positing the arm on the metal mesh electrode. The ECG signal was detected using a high-input-impedance bio-amplifier, and then passed filter circuitry. The measured signal transmitted to a PC through the bluetooth wireless communication and monitored. Data of the non-constrained ECG system attaching in chair is noise-data when comparing metal mesh electrode with the Ag/Agcl electrode but the data is significant to monitor ECG for check the body state.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.57 no.8
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• pp.1416-1421
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• 2008

A 10 dB branch line hybrid coupler included with defected ground structure (DGS) is proposed. In this contribution, a contact between the grounded metal housing and DGS is avoided, which has been a serious problem in applying DGS to high frequency circuits. An isolation between the metal housing and the DGS pattern is provided by inserting additional substrate between DGS and the metal package. Therefore, it is possible to design branch line hybrid couplers having highly asymmetric power dividing ratio using these DGS structure, which is demonstrated in this paper. The designed and fabricated branch line hybrid coupler using DGS is well packaged in a metal housing without touching the ground metal directly. The measurement is performed under realistic practical operating situations because it is packaged in a metal housing. The measured performances of the fabricated 10dB coupler shows a 1:9 asymmetric power dividing ratio at output ports, as predicted. In addition, the measured performances in terms of matching, isolation, and phase difference are in excellent agreement with the simulated characteristics.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.227-233
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• 2022

The objective of the study, to develop adsorbent based purifier for removal of radiological and nuclear contaminants from contaminated water. In this regard, 3-aminopropyl silica functionalized with ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (APS-EDTA) adsorbent prepared and characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD). Prepared APS-EDTA used for adsorptive studies of Cs(I), Co(II), Sr(II), Ni(II) and Cd(II) from contaminated water. The effect on adsorption of various parameters viz. contact time, initial concentration of metal ions and pH were also analyzed. The batch method has been employed using metal ions in solution from 1000-10000 ㎍/L, contact time 5-60 min., pH 4-10 and material quantities 50-200 mg at room temperature. The obtained adsorption data were used for drawing Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms model and both models were found suitable for explaining the metal ions adsorption on APS-EDTA. The adsorption data were followed pseudo second order reaction kinetics. The maximum adsorption capacity obtained 1.3037-1.4974 mg/g for above said metal ions. The results show that APS-EDTA have great potential to remove Cd(II), Co(II), Cs(I), Ni(II) and Sr(II) from aqueous solutions through chemisorption and physio-sorption.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.35 no.8
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• pp.2415-2418
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• 2014

In this report, the contact resistance between "electrode" and "lead" is investigated for reasonable measurements of samples' resistance in a polypyrrole (PPy) nanowire device. The sample's resistance, including "electrode-lead" contact resistance, shows a decrease as force applied to the interface increases. Moreover, the sample's resistance becomes reasonably similar to, or lower than, values calculated by resistivity of PPy reported in previous studies. The decrease of electrode-lead contact resistance by increasing the applying force was analyzed by using Holm theory: the general equation of relation between contact resistance ($R_H$) of two-metal thin films and contact force ($R_H{\propto}1/\sqrt{F}$). The present investigation can guide a reliable way to minimize electrode-lead contact resistance for reasonable characterization of nanomaterials in a microelectrode device; 80% of the maximum applying force to the junction without deformation of the apparatus shows reasonable values without experimental error.