• Food Science and Industry
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.16-25
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• 2017

There is no doubt that accumulation of big data using multi-omics technologies will be useful to solve human's long-standing problems such as development of personalized diet and medicine, overcoming diseases, and longevity. However, in the food industry, big data based on omics is scarcely accumulated. In particular, comprehensive analysis of molecular lipid metabolites directly associated with food quality, such as taste, flavor, and texture has been very limited. Moreover, most of food lipidomics studies are applied to analyze lipid components and discriminate authenticity and freshness of limited foods including vegetable and fish oil. However, if lipid big data through food lipidomics research of various foods and materials can be accumulated, lipidomics can be used in the optimization of food processing, production, delivery system, food safety, and storage as well as functional food.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.1-7
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• 2013

Objectives : Sesamin, a major lignan in sesame seeds, has been reported to have neuroprotective effects against in vitro ischemia and in vivo MCAo-reperfusion cerebral ischemia model, however, there is no reports in an in vivo global cerebral ischemia model. The purpose of the study was to investigate the neuroprotective effect of sesamin in global cerebral ischemia induced by four-vessel occlusion (4-VO) in rats through inhibition of microglial activation in this model. Methods : The neuroprotective effects were investigated using a 10 min of 4-VO ischemia rat model by measuring intact pyramidal neurons in the CA1 region of the hippocampus using Nissle staining. The antiinflammatory or reducing neurotoxicity effect was investigated using immunohistochemisty, RT-PCR and western blot analysis of inflammatory or neurotoxic mediators. Results : Intraperitoneal injection of sesamin at doses of 0.3, 1.0, 3.0, and 10.0 mg/kg at 0 min and 90 min after ischemia conferred 26.6%, 30.1%, 42.5%, and 30.5% neuroprotection, respectively, compared to the vehicle-treated control group. A 3.0 mg/kg dose of sesamin inhibited microglia activation and consequently, cyclooxygenase-2, inducible nitric oxide, and interleukine-$1{\beta}$ expressions at 48 h after reperfusion. Conclusions : Sesamin protects neuronal cell death through inhibition of microglial activation or the production of neurotoxic metabolites and proinflammatory mediators by microglia such as COX-2, iNOS and IL-$1{\beta}$ in global cerebral ischemia.

• Mycobiology
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• v.51 no.6
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• pp.417-435
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• 2023

Eurotiales is a relatively large order of Ascomycetes, well-known for their ability to produce secondary metabolites with potential beneficial applications. To understand their diversity and distribution, different environmental sources including soil, freshwater, insect, and indoor air were investigated. Eight strains of Eurotiales were isolated and identified based on their morphological characters and a multi-gene phylogenetic analysis of the ITS, BenA, CaM, and RPB2 regions. We identified eight taxa that were previously not reported from Korea: Aspergillus baeticus, A. griseoaurantiacus, A. spinulosporus, Penicillium anthracinoglaciei, P. labradorum, P. nalgiovense, Talaromyces atroroseus, and T. georgiensis. Detailed descriptions, illustrations, and phylogenetic tree for the eight new records species are presented, and information regarding the records is also discussed.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.225-232
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• 2024

The microbiomes of two important rice cultivars in Vietnam which differ by their susceptibility to the bacterial leaf blight (BLB) disease were analyzed through 16S rRNA amplicon technology. A higher number of operational taxonomic units and alpha-diversity indices were shown in the BLB-resistant LA cultivar than in the BLB-susceptible TB cultivar. The BLB pathogen Xanthomonas was scantly found (0.003%) in the LA cultivar, whereas was in a significantly higher ratio in the TB cultivar (1.82%), reflecting the susceptibility to BLB of these cultivars. Of special interest was the genus Acholeplasma presented in the BLB-resistant LA cultivar at a high relative abundance (22.32%), however, was minor in the BLB-sensitive TB cultivar (0.09%), raising a question about its roles in controlling the Xanthomonas low in the LA cultivar. It is proposed that Acholeplasma once entered the host plant would hamper other phytopathogens, i.e. Xanthomonas, by yet unknown mechanisms, of which the triggering of the host plants to produce secondary metabolites against pathogens could be a testable hypothesis.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.402-410
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• 2009

This study was carried out to examine the optimal analytical method for determination of urinary toxic arsenic (inorganic arsenic and its metabolites) by HG-AAS (hydride generation-atomic absorption spectrometry). In the analysis of SRMs (standard reference materials), method E (addition of 0.4% L-cysteine to pre-reductant and use 0.04M HCl as carrier acid) showed the most accurate results compared with the reference values. In the analysis of 30 urinary samples, analytical results were significantly different depend on the component of pre-reductant and the concentration of carrier acid. When the concentration of carrier acid was higher, the analytical result was lower. The recovery rates of MMA (monomethylarsonic acid) and DMA (dimethylarsenic acid) were varied by the concentration of pre-treatment acid and carrier acid and hydride generation reagents. When the concentration of carrier acid was 1.62 M (5% HCl), the recovery rates of DMA was 1%. The recovery rates of MMA and DMA in method E (=V) were 102% and 100%, respectively. The results of this study suggest that the component and concentration of pre-reductant and carrier acid must be carefully adjusted in the analysis of urinary arsenic, and method E is recommendable as the most precise analytical method for determination of urinary toxic arsenic.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.371-378
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• 1998

Pesticide has played important role in Korean and Austrailian agriculture. In addition, pesticides are the most reliable tools pests in agriculture. Recently, it is highly recommended that the use of pesticide should be concerned with both atricultural and environmental aspect, also legislation on environmental contamination has been fortified to the world. Particularly, the attention on agrochemicals has been focused on the soil abuse and the water contamination at present time. In spite of this kind of concern, a few research about pesticides using in Australia and Korean have been conducted to their behaviors under australian and korean environment to avoid environmental contamination by pesticides. Thus, the research organizations need facilities to analyze the characteristics of each pesticide and the environmental fate of pesticides. The conventional analytical method to detect pesticides and their metabolites can not be overcome to reduce time, expenditure, and complexity of analysis even though the methods are accurate and precise. For example, High performance liquid chromatography(HPLC), and gas chromatography (GC) used until now are less choice detectors and often lower sensitive. In contrast to the conventional analytical methods, biosensors are so fast in analysis and has high productivity and analyze multi=sample simultaneously. Therefore, it is biosensing analytical method that we could consider as an alternative method intead of the conventional methods.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.22 no.11
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• pp.1549-1556
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• 2012

Endophytic fungi were isolated from roots of six halophytes in Suncheon Bay. The endophytic fungi of 35 species isolated from halophytes were identified by internal transcribed spacer (ITS) containing the ITS1, 5.8s, and ITS2 regions. All fungal strains were analyzed to diversity at the genus level. Fungal culture filtrates (FCF) of endophytic fungi were treated to Waito-c rice (WR) seedling for plant growth-promoting verification. It was confirmed that fungal strain Sj-2-2 provided plant growth promotion (PGP) to WR seedling. Then, PGP of Suaeda japonica was confirmed by treating culture filtrate of Sj-2-2. As a result, it was verified that culture filtrate of Sj-2-2 had more advanced PGP than positive control when treated to S. japonica. The secondary metabolites involved in culture filtrate of Sj-2-2 were identified by HPLC and GC-MS SIM analysis. The presence of physiologically bioactive gibberellins (GAs) and other inactive GAs in culture filtrate of Sj-2-2 was detected. The molecular analysis of sequences of Sj-2-2 showed the similarity to Penicillium sp. of 99% homology. The PGP of Sj-2-2 as well as symbiosis between endophytic fungi and halophytes growing naturally in salt marsh was confirmed. Sj-2-2 was identified as a new fungal strain producing GAs by molecular analysis of sequences. Consequently, the Sj-2-2 fungal strain was named as Penicillium sp. Sj-2-2. In this study, the diversity of endophytic fungi isolated from roots of halophytes in salt marsh and the PGP of a new gibberellin-producing fungal strain were confirmed.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.651-654
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• 2005

Analysis of extra- and intra- cellular metabolites is very important to study cell metabolish. Intracellular amino acids in yeast are of great interest as precursors of desired products in biomass production of the feed industries and the production of glutamate. In this study, the fermentations of P. pastoris X-33 and KM71H were carried out in shake flasks. After centrifugation, the harvested cells were mechanically disrupted by using glass bead. The supernatants were used to analyze intracellular amino acid by HPLC system. For HPLC analysis, Resolve C18 column was used with Fluorescence detector. The OPA(o-phthalaldehyde) derivation reaction was employed for analysing amino acids at 30 $^{\circ}C$, 1 ml/min and gradient mode. The concentration of intracellular protein was measured by spectrophotometer.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.17-22
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• 2014

Ginsenosides of roots in Panax ginseng were analyzed by metabolic-targeting HPLC using the partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and compared depending on sowing methods between direct seeding and transplanting method. Score plots derived from PLS-DA could identify the sowing method between the direct seeding and transplanting method in P. ginseng roots. The ginsenoside compounds were assigned as Rg1, Re, Rf, Rg2, Rb1, Rc, Rb2, Rb3, and Rd. Contents of Re, Rf, Rg2, Rb1, Rc, Rb3, and Rd of main roots produced from the transplanting method were relatively higher than those of samples produced from direct seeding method. Also, contents of Rg1, Re, Rf, Rg2, Rb1, Rc, Rb2, Rb3, and Rd of lateral roots from the transplanted samples were relatively higher than those of samples produced from direct seeding method. Therefore, HPLC with PLS-DA analysis can be a straightforward tool for identification of ginsenosides in main or lateral roots of P. ginseng obtained from two different seeding methods between direct and transplanting methods.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.42 no.10
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• pp.711-720
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• 2019

Sink strength optimizes sucrose import, which is fundamental to support developing seed grains and increase crop yields, including those of rice (Oryza sativa). In this regard, little is known about the function of vacuolar invertase (VIN) in controlling sink strength and thereby seed size. Here, in rice we analyzed mutants of two VINs, OsVIN1 and OsVIN2, to examine their role during seed development. In a phenotypic analysis of the T-DNA insertion mutants, only the OsVIN2 mutant osvin2-1 exhibited reduced seed size and grain weight. Scanning electron microscopy analysis revealed that the small seed grains of osvin2-1 can be attributed to a reduction in spikelet size. A significant decrease in VIN activity and hexose level in the osvin2-1 spikelets interfered with spikelet growth. In addition, significant reduction in starch and increase in sucrose, which are characteristic features of reduced turnover and flux of sucrose due to impaired sink strength, were evident in the pre-storage stage of osvin2-1 developing grains. In situ hybridization analysis found that expression of OsVIN2 was predominant in the endocarp of developing grains. A genetically complemented line with a native genomic clone of OsVIN2 rescued reduced VIN activity and seed size. Two additional mutants, osvin2-2 and osvin2-3 generated by the CRISPR/Cas9 method, exhibited phenotypes similar to those of osvin2-1 in spikelet and seed size, VIN activity, and sugar metabolites. These results clearly demonstrate an important role of OsVIN2 as sink strength modulator that is critical for the maintenance of sucrose flux into developing seed grains.