• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.399-410
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• 2015

Objectives: The purpose of the study is to investigate the influencing factors of metabolic syndrome on the periodontal disease in the Korean adults over 40 years old. Methods: The data were extracted from the Fifth National Health Nutrition Survey 2010. The subjects were adults over 40 years old. The periodontal diseases were examined by direct survey. The questionnaire consisted of the general characteristics of the subjects, oral health behavior, metabolic syndrome, and relation to periodontal diseases. CPI(community periodontal index) was measured. CPI indicates periodontal condition and classified into alveolar arch of the upper jaw and the lower jaw. A periodontal disease is defined as $CPI{\geq}3$(over 4 mm). The variables for metabolic diseases included hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, and obesity measured as BMI. Results: Diabetes mellitus is closely related to periodontal diseases prevalence. Low level of HDL increase the periodontal diseases. Number of toothbrushung, use of dental floss and interdental toothbrush as for the number of toothbrushing, more than twice toothbrushing a day, and use of dental floss and interdental toothbrush reduced periodontal diseases. Conclusions: The risk factors of periodontal disease in Korean adults over 40 years old were sex, age, residence, monthly income, education level, smoking, diabetes and low HDL cholesterol.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.221-225
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• 2012

Zinc deficiency is known to be associated with insulin resistance in obese individuals. This study was performed to evaluate the effect of zinc supplementation on insulin resistance and metabolic risk factors in obese Korean women. Forty obese women (body mass index (BMI) ${\geq}25kg/m^2$) aged 19-28 years were recruited for this study. Twenty women of the study group took 30 mg/day of supplemental zinc as zinc gluconate for 8 weeks and 20 women of control group took placebo. Usual dietary zinc intake was estimated from 3-day diet records. Insulin resistances were measured using Homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) indices, and insulin sensitivities Matsuda indices, which were calculated using oral glucose tolerance test data. Metabolic risk factors, such as waist circumference, blood pressure, fasting glucose, triglyceride, high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and adipocyte hormones such as leptin, and adiponectin were also measured. At the beginning of study, dietary zinc averaged 7.31 mg/day and serum zinc averaged $12.98{\mu}mol/L$ in the study group. Zinc supplementation increased serum zinc by 15% and urinary zinc by 56% (P < 0.05). HOMA values tended to decrease and insulin sensitivity increased slightly in the study group, but not significantly so. BMI, waist circumference, blood pressure, blood glucose, triglyceride, HDL cholesterol, and adipocyte hormones did not change in either the study or control group. These results suggest that zinc status may not affect insulin resistance and metabolic risk factors in obese Korean women. Further research is required on a larger cohort with a longer follow-up to determine the effects of zinc status on insulin resistance and metabolic variables.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.392-399
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• 2016

This study examined the distribution of metabolic syndrome according to the age groups among the elderly people to reveal the sociodemographic and health related factors. The survey in 2011~2014 from the National Health Insurance Corporation under regular medical check-ups, which received a recognition survey targeted 1,756 people aged over 70. Multiple logistic regression was performed on the relation metabolic syndrome and its related factors. As a result, the risk ratio for metabolic syndrome increased significantly in females than in males, living with a family than living alone, high economic status than in the low group, obese than in the normal weight group, have a history of stroke group than the no history group, smoking group than the non-smoking group, and drinking group than the non-drinking group. The distribution of metabolic syndrome differed significantly according to the sociodemographic characteristics and health-related variables.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.139-147
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• 2021

Purpose : The purpose of this study is to verify the effectiveness of combined marine healing programs by analyzing the physical composition of metabolic patients, blood lipids and the effects of the inflammatory factors, the C -reactive protein(CRP). Methods : the combined marine treatment program was conducted for 6 hours a day, 5 days a week on the 10 adult patients with metabolic diseases and the results of their body composition, blood lipids and CRP were analyzed before and after the subjects completed the program. For the statistical analysis, the mean and standard deviation (M±SD) of each variable were calculated using SPSS version 20 and a paired t-test was conducted in order to test for the differences before and after the combined marine treatment program. All significant levels were set to 𝛼=.05. As a result of the experiment Results : First, regarding the changes in body composition and blood pressure after the 5-day combined marine treatment program was completed, there were statistically significant differences found in weight (p<.01) and systolic blood pressure (p<.05). Second, regarding the changes in blood lipids and CRP after the program was conducted, there were statistically significant differences found in total cholesterol (p<.05) while there was no statistically significant difference found in the variables of neutral fat, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and CRP. Conclusion : the study results were integrated, the 5-day combined marine treatment program had a positive effect on weight, blood pressure and total cholesterol in the patients with metabolic diseases. Therefore, the short-term marine treatment program was thought to be effective for them. However, considering no significant differences were found in neutral fat, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and CRP, further development and research on combined marine treatment programs should be conducted in the long term to create an effective program for patients with metabolic diseases.

• Journal of Industrial Convergence
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• v.20 no.11
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• pp.213-219
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• 2022

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of balance training on metabolic syndrome indicators and functional fitness. For this purpose, a 12-week balance training was conducted for 16 elderly women who usually complain of back and shoulder pain. In addition, of the 16 subjects, 8 were classified into the exercise group and 8 into the control group, and the effectiveness of the training program was verified. As a result of examining the metabolic syndrome index and functional fitness before and after 12 weeks of balance training, the following results were obtained. First, a significant interaction was shown in the metabolic syndrome index before and after 12 weeks of balance training. Second, there was a significant interaction in functional fitness before and after 12 weeks of balance training. This confirmed that balance training had a positive effect on functional fitness along with positive changes in metabolic syndrome in elderly women. In the future, it is necessary to clarify the effect of balance training through the expansion of the training period and measurement variables.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.3934-3943
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• 2015

This study was conducted to investigate the incidence rate of metabolic syndrome, and the related factors were examined. 620 persons who had participated in both initial and second survey were selected. Initial survey was performed at the year of 2006 and second survey was performed at the year of 2010. Among them, 460 persons who didn't initially have a metabolic syndrome were selected as the final study subjects. They were classified into 2 categories; stationary normal group (352, 76.5%), and metabolic syndrome incidence group (108, 23.5%). The incidence rate of metabolic syndrome for the subjects was 25.2 per 1,000 person years. Sex, obesity, and smoking had significant effect on the incidence of metabolic syndrome. In multiple logistic regression analysis,after controlling variables, obesity index was found to be major factor in the incidence of metabolic syndrome. The risk of metabolic syndrome was increased by overweight or obesity. The strategy to control body weight should be emphasized for prevention of metabolic syndrome.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.19 no.11
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• pp.2590-2596
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• 2015

A meta-analysis is a statistical integration method that delivers an opportunity to overview the entire result of integrating and analyzing many quantitative research results. This study will find meaningful mediator variables for criterion variables that affects between pre and post in the metabolic syndrome studies, on the basis of the results of a meta analysis. We reviewed a total of 36 studies related the metabolic syndrome published in Korean journals between 2000 and 2015, where a cause and effect relationship is established between variables that are specified in the conceptual model of this study. In this meta-analysis, the path between pre and post in the waist circumference showed the biggest effect size (r = .420). The second biggest effect size (r = -.402) was found the path between pre and post in the high density lipoprotein cholesterol. By the way, one the smallest effect size (r = .234) was obtained the path between pre and post in the diastolic blood pressure. Thus, we present the theoretical and practical implications of these results.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.22
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• pp.9841-9846
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• 2014

Objectives: To compare the metabolic indices, lipid profile, androgens, and prostate specific antigen between prostate cancer and BPH and between grades of prostate cancer in a cross-sectional study. Materials and Methods: The study enrolled 95 cases of prostate cancer and 95 cases of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Prostate gland volume was measured using transrectal ultrasound. We compared insulin, testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, prostate specific antigen levels and lipid profile between prostate cancer of different grades and BPH. Further, prostate cancer patients were classified into low grade and high grade. Unpaired t-test for normally distributed variables and Man-Whitney U test for non-normal variables were used to assess differences. Results: We found that prostate cancer patients had significantly higher levels of insulin, testosterone, PSA, cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) in comparison to their BPH counterparts. Higher levels of these parameters also correlated with a higher grade of the disease. Conclusions: We conclude that higher levels of insulin, testosterone, PSA, and cholesterol correlate with a higher risk of prostate cancer, and also with a higher grade of the disease.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.283-291
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• 2005

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore the levels of depression experienced by clients (N=152) with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus(DM), and to compare the levels of self care activity, metabolic control and cardiovascular risk factors between depressed and non-depressed clients. Method: Participants aged 50 and above were conveniently recruited in B city. The levels of depression, self-care activity, metabolic control of glucose and lipids, and cardiovascular risk factors of the participants were measured by using questionnaires and blood tests from November, 2003 to June, 2004. Data was analyzed with descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, Spearman rho and t-test using the SPSS WIN 10.0 program. Result: The prevalence of depression(CES-D=16) among the participants was $44.1\%$. The levels of self-care activities(p=.012), glucose(p=.019), total cholesterol(p=.022), LDL(.007) and cardiovascular risk factors(p=.012) were significantly higher in the depressed group than those in the non-depressed group. Conclusion: Based on the findings, we concluded that many DM patients experience depression and the depression of type 2 DM clients is significantly related with self care activities, diabetic control, and cardiovascular complications. However, this study did not address causality among these variables. Therefore, further research, such as a longitudinal cohort study, is needed to identify causality among these variables.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.143-154
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• 2002

The effect of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) on cerebral physiology during heart surgery remains incompletely understood. This study was carried out to investigate changes of cerebral metabolism and the association between the changes and clinical factors during heart surgery. Seventy adult patients (n=70) scheduled for elective cardiac surgery were participated in the present study. Middle cerebral artery blood flow velocity (V$_{MCA}$), cerebral arteriovenous oxygen content difference (C(a-v)O$_2$), cerebral oxygen extraction (COE), and modified cerebral metabolic rate for oxygen (MCMRO$_2$) were measured during six phases of the operation; Pre-CPB, CPB-10 min, Rewarm-1 (nasopharyngeal temperature 34$^{\circ}C$), Rewarm-2 (nasopharyngeal temperature 37$^{\circ}C$), CPB-off, and Post-OP (at skin closure after CPB-off). Each relationship of age, arterial blood gas parameters, or other variables to V$_{MCA}2$, C(a-v)O$_2$, COE, or MCMRO$_2$ was evaluated. V$_{MCA}$ increased (P<0.0001) whereas C(a-v)O$_2$ decreased (P<0.01) throughout the five phases of the operation compared to Pre-CPB value (control). COE diminished at CPB-10, Rewarm-1, and CPB-off (P<0.05) while MCMRO$_2$ reduced at CPB-10 and Rewarm-1 (P<0.05) compared to Pre-CPB value. Positive correlation was found between age and cerebral metabolic parameters (V$_{MCA}$, C(a-v)O$_2$, COE, or MCMRO$_2$) during CPB (range r=0.24 to 0.38, p<0.05). Four cerebral metabolic parameters had partially negative or positive correlation with arterial blood gas parameters and other variables (arterial blood pH, $O_2$ tension, $O_2$ content, $CO_2$ tension, blood pressure, blood flow, temperature, or hematocrit) during the operation. In conclusion, CPB led to marked alterations of cerebral metabolism and age, pH, and $CO_2$ tension profoundly influenced the changes during cardiac surgery.