• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.329-336
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• 2011

Obesity contributes to an increased risk for chronic diseases, including diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and certain types of cancer. The prevalence of obesity has increased in Korea. We compared the clinical and dietary characteristics of obese adults (n = 30, 17 men and 13 women, mean age 29.9) to those with a normal weight (n = 15, 8 men and 7 women, mean age 26.5). We determined lipid profiles, fasting blood sugar (FBS), blood pressure, and serum free fatty acid (FFA). Dietary intake was estimated using a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and a 3-day dietary record. Exercise patterns and average alcohol intake were determined. The average body mass index was 28.3 kg/$m^2$ in the obese and 21.2 kg/$m^2$ in the normal weight groups. The obese group had significantly higher levels of total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and triglycerides, lower levels of HDL cholesterol, and higher blood pressures compared to the normal weight group. FBS was not significantly different between the two groups. The obese group had significantly more subjects with metabolic syndrome (26.7%) compared to the normal weight group (0%). Serum FFA levels tended to be higher in the obese (P = 0.087). No significant difference in caloric intake was observed between the two groups. No differences in carbohydrate, protein, or fat intake between two groups were observed from the FFQ. However, results from the 3-day dietary record showed that the percentage of energy from fat was significantly higher in the obese group. The frequency and amount of exercise did not differ between the two groups. Alcohol consumed per drinking episode was significantly higher in the obese group. These results confirm that excessive weight is associated with disturbances in lipid metabolism in these fairly young and otherwise healthy adults. Dietary factors, including higher fat intake and alcohol consumption, seem to be contributing to the obesity of these subjects.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.530-542
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• 2012

The purposes of this study were to investigate blood profiles and nutrient intakes of groups that are different in obese levels, and to find the credible predictor of insulin resistance. The subjects were classified as normal weight (%IBW${\leq}$ 110), obese without MS and obese with MS according to IDF definition of the risk group in metabolic syndrome (MS). Subjects of this study were included 137 (59 boys, 78 girls) free living children and adolescents (mean age $12.6{\pm}3.4$ years) in Gangneung area, South Korea. %IBW of normal weight (94.9%), obese without MS (123.8%) and obese with MS (131.5%) were significantly different among groups. HOMA-IR had positive correlations with TG (r = 0.634), waist circumference (r = 0.553), atherogenic index (r = 0.513), %IBW (r = 0.453) and ALT (r = 0.360), but showed negative correlations with HDL cholesterol (r = -0.417, p < 0.001). HOMA-IR showed positive correlation with polyunsaturated fatty acid intake (p < 0.05). The energy intake of obese with MS was 1762 kcal/day which was not significantly different from those of normal weight and obese without MS. Total fatty acid intakes of two obese groups were significantly higher than that of normal weight. The results of this study suggest that waist circumference and ALT as well as TG, atherogenic index and weight can be credible indices to predict the insulin resistance in children and in adolescents. In addition, nutrition education and adequate diet should be provided to prevent MS in children and in adolescents.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.99-114
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• 2020

Objectives : To investigate treatment approaches of psoriasis, and to provide universal and holistic standards to assist in optimizing patient care and future research. Methods : Review articles of psoriasis regarding pathophysiology, risk factor or treatment were searched from Pubmed (January 2016 to June 2020). Treatment approaches were investigated based on the searched articles. Additional data collecting was done for further discussion by searching Pubmed and Google scholar with keywords relevant to the approaches, and the relevant references of articles retrieved were manually inspected to be included. Results : Modalities to directly regulate the relevant helper T cell or inflammatory cytokines can constitute the treatment approaches of psoriasis. Modalities to treat gastrointestinal tract inflammation, to correct metabolic syndrome and to improve epidermal lipid abnormality via whole body lipid metabolism can also constitute the treatment approaches of psoriasis. Probable adverse effects of long term use of western medication should be addressed carefully, and alleviating the hazards of western medication can be a treatment approach of psoriasis. Conclusion : Treatment of psoriasis should take account of systemic aspects such as gastrointestinal tract and lipid metabolism. Treatment approaches of psoriasis established on the pathophysiological basis can serve as universal standards.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.122-133
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• 2021

Objectives: This study evaluated the dietary habits and health behaviors of Korean adults according to their physical activity. Methods: Adults aged 19~64 years, who participated in the 2016~2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, were enrolled in this study. The subjects were classified into the physical inactivity group, aerobic physical activity group, strength exercise group, and combined exercise group. Results: Significant differences in skipping breakfast, frequency of eating out, dietary supplements, and alcohol drinking status were observed among physical activity groups (P < 0.001). The combined exercise group had the highest % KDRI of protein, vitamin A, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, calcium, potassium, and iron (P < 0.001). The physical inactivity group had the highest obesity rate (35.1%), and they perceived their body image type to be obese. In the combined exercise group, 47.8% of respondents said they were in good health (P < 0.001). The health-related quality of life score of the physical inactivity group was the lowest, with a score of 0.94. The metabolic syndrome risk rate of the combined exercise group was lower at 0.62 times (95% CI, 0.51-0.75) than the physical inactivity group. Conclusions: The physical activity type was associated with metabolic syndrome. These results can be useful for supporting dietary education and physical activity programs for adults.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.121-127
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• 2014

본 연구는 19-34세 근로자 1,152명의 건강검진 자료를 분석하여 비만에 따른 대사증후군 유병률, 구성요소 및 생활습관과의 차이를 비교함으로써 사업장에서 근로자의 대사증후군 예방 및 관리를 위한 기초자료를 제공하고자 실시되었다. 연구 결과 대사증후군 유병률은 남성과 여성에서 각각 8.9%, 1.5%이었다. 비만에 따른 대사증후군 유병률은 남성에서 비만이 없는 경우 1.6%, 비만이 있는 경우 21.7%로 차이가 있었으며 여성에서도 비만이 없는 경우 0%, 비만이 있는 경우 12.5%로 차이를 나타내었다. 비만에 따른 대사증후군 구성요소를 살펴보면 여성에서는 중성지방 상승을 제외한 4가지 요소, 남성에서는 모든 요소가 비만과 유의하게 관련이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 결과로 비만은 40세 미만 근로자에서 대사증후군 유병률 및 구성요소에 영향을 미치는 위험 인자임이 확인되었다. 따라서 보건관리자는 직장에서의 대사증후군 관리 및 예방을 위하여 비만 관리를 지속적으로 실시하고, 시공간적 제약을 고려한 웹기반 비만 관리 프로그램의 개발 및 활용을 통하여 근로자의 참여를 높이고 효율적으로 대사증후군을 관리해 나가도록 제언한다.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제48권1호
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• pp.13-20
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• 2005

목 적 : 비만증은 대사성증후군과 더불어 비알코올성 지방간염과 밀접한 관계가 있다. 본 연구는 비만증으로 진단된 학생을 대상으로 비알코올성 지방간염 및 그에 관련된 인자를 알아보고자 하였다. 방 법 : 초 중학교 신체검사상 체질량지수 95 백분위수 이상의 비만아 중 279명을 대상으로 설문지, 신체계측, 혈액검사, 복부지방 초음파 검사를 실시하였다. 결 과 : 전체 연구 대상자 279명 중 비알코올성 지방간염이 있는 사람은 27명으로 9.7%였다. 이중 비만도 30% 이하인 경도비만아 135명 중 5명(3.7%)에서 비알코올성 지방간염이 나타났으며 비만도 30% 이상인 중증도 이상의 비만아에서 비알코올성 지방간염의 유병률은 144명 중 22명(15.2%)으로 비만정도가 심할수록 지방간염의 유병률은 증가하였다. 또한 대사성증후군과 밀접한 연관성이 있다고 알려진 복부 내장지방두께와 허리/엉덩이 둘레비가 클수록 비알코올성 지방간염이 잘 반영되는 것으로 나타났다. 결 론 : 본 연구의 결과는 소아 비만아에서 비알코올성 지방간염의 유병률은 9.7%였으며 비만정도가 심할수록 비알코올성 지방간염의 유병률은 증가하였다. 또한 대사성 증후군의 구성인자와 비알코올성 지방간염은 상당한 연관성이 있으며 이들의 공통적인 특징인 인슐린 저항성의 지표는 치료효과 판정 및 통합적인 위험인자 관리에 도움이 될 것이라 생각된다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.20-29
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• 2012

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) has become a global epidemic. In particular, it is known that there is a dramatic increase in the prevalence of MetS among women during the postmenopausal period. Recently, accumulating studies have suggested that vitamin D deficiency may be inversely associated with the risk factors regarding MetS. However, evidence from postmenopausal women is limited. In this study, we examined the association between the serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and the MetS in Korean adult women aged 20-69 years (n = 2,618) by using the 2007-2008 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data. The geometric mean of plasma 25(OH)D were $17.16{\pm}6.28\;ng$/mL and $20.20{\pm}7.69\;ng$/mL for premenopausal and postmenopausal women, respectively. The percentages of vitamin D deficiency [25(OH)D < 12 ng/mL] were 22.5% and 14.4%, respectively. MetS was more prevalent in postmenopausal women (43.0%) compared with premenopausal women (11.2%). When serum concentrations of 25(OH)D were categorized in quintiles, there was no relationship in the prevalence of MetS in both premonopausal and postmenopausal women. However, in premenopausal women, compared with the lowest 25(OH)D quintile, the odds ratio for hypertriglyceridemia in the highest quintile was 0.57 (95% CI 0.34-0.95, $P_{trend}$ = 0.041) and for low serum HDL cholesterol 0.60 (95% CI 0.42-0.85, $P_{trend}$ = 0.014) after adjusting for all potential confounders. On the other hand, we observed the tendency of an inverse relationship for 25(OH)D regarding low serum HDL cholesterol (OR 0.78, 95% CI 0.50-1.22, $P_{trend}$ = 0.029) and a direct relationship with abdominal obesity (OR 1.94, 95% CI 1.01, 3.74, $P_{trend}$ = 0.049) in postmenopausal women. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings in other research settings.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제11권11호
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• pp.373-383
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• 2020

본 연구의 목적은 경로당 여성 노인의 신체적 요인과 자아존중감에 대한 베하스 프로그램의 효과를 알아보기 위함이다. 본 연구는 대사증후군 위험요인을 한 개 이상 가진 여성노인을 대상으로 베하스 프로그램을 8주간, 주 1회, 1일 1.5시간씩 실시하였다. 자료 수집은 8주 간격으로 총 3회 측정을 하였으며 신체적 요인은 3회(Pretest1, Pretest2, posttest), 자아존중감은 2회(Pretest2, posttest) 하였다. 신체적 요인은 Repeated Measured ANOVA, 자아존중감은 paired t-test를 이용하여 분석하였다. 본 연구 결과 대상자의 복부둘레, 당화혈색소, 총콜레스테롤, 저밀도지단백 콜레스테롤, 자아존중감에서 유의한 차이를 보여, 베하스 프로그램이 비만 및 혈당 관리, 콜레스테롤 감소, 자아존중감 향상에 효과가 있음을 확인하였다. 이를 바탕으로 대사증후군이 있는 지역사회 주민의 건강향상을 위한 추가적인 연구가 필요함을 제언한다.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제9권6호
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• pp.329-337
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• 2018

본 연구는 대사증후군의 진단에 포함된 고혈압, 당뇨병을 가진 65세 이상 독거노인을 대상으로 의료인이 행한 질병관리교육이 대사증후군 발생을 예방할 수 있는 건강행태에 미치는 영향을 밝히기 위한 조사연구이다. 2014년 지역사회건강 조사 자료로부터 10분이상의 질병관리 교육 경험에 대한 문항이 있는 고혈압과 당뇨병을 가진 독거노인 9,042명을 자료로 이용하였다. 자료의 분석은 ${\chi}^2-test$, 다중 로지스틱 회귀분석을 실시하였다. 연구의 결과는 질병관리교육 경험이 있는 독거노인의 경우, 심혈관 건강관련 인자의 수치에 대한 인지율이 높았으며(p<.001), 주당 3일 이상 걷기를 시행할 확률은 1.145배(p=.002), 현재 음주를 하지 않을 확률은 1.212배(p<.001), 싱겁게 먹을 확률은 1.184배(p=.002)로 나타났다. 본 연구결과로부터 독거노인에게 건강정보 제공시 의료인에 의한 교육의 중요성과 이를 반영한 건강증진정책의 개발이 요구된다.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.166-171
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• 2005

Background: Smoking effects are relatively well-documented, especially on cancers and cardiovascular diseases. However, the direction and magnitude of association between smoking and obesity remain unclear. Conflicting results so far are thought to stem from the multiple confounding structure of smoking and other obesogenic life style characteristics. Methods: Cotwin control study is a genomic epidemiology design, in which the other twin (=cotwin) serves as a control of the twin. Cotwin control study, discordant for smoking habits can provide powerful evidence of association between smoking and obesity by completely matching genomic information, intrauterine environment, and almost all environmental factors. We selected 3,697 like-sex twin pairs (2,762 male and 935 female pairs) out of 63,666 pairs of adult twins in the existing Korea Twin and Family Register, whose smoking habits are discordant. We used the information of obesity as body mass index (BMI, $kg/m^2$) blood pressure, and blood cholesterol level at the time or later than the smoking information. Paired t-test was done to compare the smoking effects. Results: Lifetime smoking rate was 80.1 % (47.9 current smoker) for men and 10% (1.7% current smoker) for women. Among 2,762 and 935 male and female like-sex twin pairs, 363 male pairs and 20 female pairs correspond to the definition of smoker-nonsmoker pair. The male smokers demonstrated increase in BMI by 0.47, while female smokers show slight decrease (by 0.13), which were not statistically significant. Diastolic and systolic blood pressure, and cholesterol level were slightly increased among smokers by 1.85 mmHg, 0.62 mmHg, and 1.28 mg/dl for men. For women, the results show increase in diastolic blood pressure (3.42mmHg) and cholesterol level (1.25 mg/dl), and systolic pressure (8.17 mmHg). Conclusion: The results refute the possibility that smoking can reduce BMI. Considering the direct adverse effect of smoking, it should be emphasized that smoking do not decrease obesity and thus increase overall metabolic syndrome.