• Diabetes and Metabolism Journal
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• 제42권6호
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• pp.529-537
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• 2018

Background: Serum albumin and uric acid have been positively linked to metabolic syndrome (MetS). However, the association of MetS incidence with the combination of uric acid and albumin levels has not been investigated. We explored the association of albumin and uric acid with the risk of incident MetS in populations divided according to the levels of these two parameters. Methods: In this retrospective longitudinal study, 11,613 non-MetS participants were enrolled among 24,185 individuals who had undergone at least four annual check-ups between 2006 and 2012. The risk of incident MetS was analyzed according to four groups categorized by the sex-specific medians of serum albumin and uric acid. Results: During 55,407 person-years of follow-up, 2,439 cases of MetS developed. The risk of incident MetS increased as the uric acid category advanced in individuals with lower or higher serum albumin categories with hazard ratios (HRs) of 1.386 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.236 to 1.554) or 1.314 (95% CI, 1.167 to 1.480). However, the incidence of MetS increased with higher albumin levels only in participants in the lower uric acid category with a HR of 1.143 (95% CI, 1.010 to 1.294). Conclusion: Higher levels of albumin were associated with an increased risk of incident MetS only in individuals with lower uric acid whereas higher levels of uric acid were positively linked to risk of incident MetS regardless of albumin level.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.172-179
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• 2010

목 적: 성인에서 내장 지방은 대사 이상의 위험 요소와 밀접한 상관이 있다고 알려져 있으나 소아 청소년 연령에서의 연구는 미흡하다. 소아 청소년에서의 복부지방의 분포와 대사 이상의 위험 요소간에 상관성을 연구하고자 하였다. 방 법: 78명의 남아와 23명의 여아를 포함한 101명의 소아 청소년(평균 연령 10.8${\pm}$2.4세)을 대상으로 연구를 시행하였다. 신체 계측과 대사 증후군의 위험 요소에 대한 분석을 개별 환자에서 시행하였고, 복부 전산화 단층 촬영을 통해 내장 지방과 피하 지방의 양을 측정하였다. 연령을 보정한 편 상관 분석을 통해 내장 지방, 피하 지방의 양, 신체 계측 지표와 대사 이상의 위험요소 간의 상관관계를 분석하였다. 결 과: 남아와 여아 모두에서 피하 지방이 나이가 들어감에 따라서 내장 지방보다 급격히 증가하는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 남아에서 내장 지방과 피하 지방은 신체 계측 지표와는 유의한 상관성을 보였고, 내장 지방은 낮은 수치의 HDL-C과 피하 지방은 높은 이완기 혈압과 유의한 연관성을 보였으나. 남아에서 내장 지방과 피하 지방, 신체 계측 지표는 모두 대사 이상의 위험요소의 수와 밀접한 관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 결 론: 남아에서 내장 지방은 낮은 수치의 HDL-C과, 피하 지방은 높은 이완기 혈압과 유의한 상관성을 나타내었으나 성인에서의 기존 연구에 비해 본 연구는 다른 대사 이상의 위험 요소들에 대한 상관성이 떨어지는 것으로 나타났다.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.313-319
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of metabolic syndrome (MS) on the lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), prostate specific antigen (PSA), and prostate volume in Korean men. We analyzed the data from 2654 men over the age of 40 who visited our health promotion center for regular health checkups. Of the total 2654 men, mean age, PSA level, International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), and prostate volume were 54.6 years, 1.21ng/ml, 6.2 points, and 27.8ml, respectively. All examinees were divided into MS group (46.5%, 1235 men) and non-MS group (53.5%, 1419). Age and prostate volume were significantly higher in the MS group. The patients were divided into three groups according to their ages: 40's, 50's, and over 60 years old. Prostate volume of the MS group in the younger age groups (40-49 years and 50-59 years) was significantly larger than that of the non-MS group. However, no difference was revealed in the age group of 60-69 years. No significant differences were found in the PSA level and LUTS between the MS and non-MS groups. In the multivariate regression analysis, central obesity was the strongest risk factor for the enlargement of prostate over 30ml among the metabolic components.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.209-224
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• 2007

Metabolic syndrome consists of several risk factors of metabolic origin like elevated blood pressure, abdominal obesity, elevated triglyceride concentrations, decreased HDL-cholesterol concentrations, and elevated fasting glucose. It appear to directly increase the development of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases which leading to cardiovascular diseases in later life. This 39 years female patient was diagnosed schizophrenia at the age of 17. but she didn't take reasonable treatments. during 20 years, she stayed in home and lived unsuited life with her family. As a result she gains heavy weight and centeral obesity, diabetic mellitus and hypertention, and developed cerevral vascular accident twice. This patient was treated with herb medication, acupuncture, western medication, psychotherapy primarily in focusing of pre-illness state(未病) as well as the stagnation of phelm. During 140 days of treatment from admission, before 2nd attack tbe patient showed improvement of Lt. hemiparesis but after second attack improved a little. And symptom of schizophrenia improved considerably. Also diet habit changed.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.527-536
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• 2014

본 연구는 중년 성인을 대상으로 식사 패턴을 파악하고, 식사 패턴에 따른 영양소 섭취실태와 대사증후군 위험요인의 관련성을 분석하고자 하였으며 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 1) 식품군별 평균 섭취량을 이용한 요인분석을 통해 육류, 주류, 난류, 유지류 등의 섭취가 두드러진 '육류와 술', 주식으로 잡곡류를 섭취하고 과일과 채소 등을 섭취하는 '잡곡과 채소 및 과일', 주식으로 백미를 위주로 하고 김치와 어패류를 섭취하는 '백미와 김치 및 어패류' 패턴이 분리되었다. 2) '육류와 술' 패턴의 요인점수가 높아질수록 신장, 체중, 허리둘레, 체질량지수가 증가하였고, 연령은 낮아지는 경향을 나타낸 반면 '잡곡과 채소 및 과일' 패턴은 반대의 경향을 나타내었다. '육류와 술' 패턴의 경우 남자, '잡곡과 채소 및 과일' 패턴의 경우 여자의 비율이 높았고, '백미와 김치 및 어패류' 패턴의 경우 교육수준이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 3) 식사 요인점수의 사분위에 따른 영양소 섭취량은 '육류와 술' 패턴의 식사를 할수록 에너지, 단백질, 나트륨의 섭취가 증가하였고, '잡곡과 채소 및 과일' 패턴의 식사를 할수록 탄수화물, 칼륨, 칼슘과 식이섬유의 섭취가 증가하였으며, '백미와 김치 및 어패류' 패턴의 식사를 할수록 에너지와 지질의 섭취가 증가하였고, 탄수화물, 칼륨과 식이섬유의 섭취가 감소하였다. 4) 식사 패턴과 영양소 섭취와의 상관관계에서 '육류와 술' 패턴의 경우 보정 후 단백질과 나트륨의 섭취가 양의 상관관계였으나, 탄수화물, 식이섬유, 칼슘, 칼륨 등의 섭취는 음의 상관관계였고, '잡곡과 채소 및 과일' 패턴의 경우 단백질, 지질, 나트륨과 티아민을 제외한 모든 영양소와 양의 상관관계를 나타내었다. 또한 '백미와 김치 및 어패류' 패턴과 지질의 섭취는 양의 상관관계였고, 탄수화물, 식이섬유, 칼륨 등의 무기질과 음의 상관관계를 나타내었다. 5) 식사 요인점수의 사분위에 따른 대사증후군의 위험도는 '육류와 술' 패턴의 식사를 할수록 복부비만과 대사증후군에 대한 위험도가 높아졌고, '잡곡과 채소 및 과일' 패턴의 식사를 할수록 고중성지방혈증에 대한 위험도가 낮아지는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구의 결과로부터 식사 패턴과 대사증후군 위험요인간에 관련성이 있는 것으로 나타나 육류와 술의 섭취를 줄이고, 잡곡을 위주로 채소와 과일 등을 추가한 균형 잡힌 건강식을 섭취하는 것이 대사증후군의 예방 및 관리를 위해 권장될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제13권11호
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• pp.5271-5283
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• 2012

본 연구는 최근 울산 지역 중학생의 비만율 변화와 대사증후군 발생위험 요소들의 상관관계를 파악하여 학교건강증진사업의 기초자료를 제공하기 위하여 수행되었다. 연구를 위하여 2007년부터 2011년까지 '인구보건복지협회 울산지회'에서 실시한 울산시 관내 중학교 2학년생에 대한 건강검진에 참여한 58,298명의 자료를 수집 분석하였다. 울산지역 중학교 2학년생의 비만율의 변화는 조사 대상 전체와 여학생에 있어서는 2007년부터 2010년까지 줄고 있다가 2011년 다시 증가하였다. 남학생은 2008년에 비만율이 가장 높았고 2010년에 가장 낮았다. 모든 연도에서 남학생에서 여학생보다 과체중과 비만 유병률이 모두 통계적으로 유의하게 높았다. 혈압 항목을 제외한 4개 항목 만으로서의 판정에서 전체 학생의 대사증후군 유병률은 0.58%였으며 저체중군은 0%, 정상군은 0.01%, 과체중군은 0.31%, 비만군에서는 4.53%로 비만도가 증가할수록 대사증후군 유병률은 급격히 증가하였다. 전체 학생 중 대사증후군 진단항목별 유병률은 고중성지방혈증이 36.58%로 가장 높았고 다음이 저HDL 6.47%, 복부비만 3.72%, 고혈당 0.47% 순으로 나타났다. 비만군의 경우 대사증후군 진단항목 모두에 있어 타군에 비해 통계적으로 유의하게 높았다(P<0.05). 본 연구에서 나타난 2007년부터의 비만율의 감소추세를 이어가기 위해서는 학교에서 학생들을 대상으로 보다 다양한 비만예방 프로그램을 개발하여 지속적으로 실시해 나가는 것이 필요하다고 생각된다. 2011년의 비만도 증가에 대한 추가적인 원인 분석이 이루어진다면 보다 체계적인 학교보건정책 수립에 도움이 될 것이다.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.150-157
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• 2024

The prevalence of childhood and adolescent obesity has increased and exacerbated during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, both in Korea and globally. Childhood and adolescent obesity poses significant risks for premature morbidity and mortality. The development of serious comorbidities depends not only on the duration of obesity but also on the age of onset. Obesity in children and adolescents affects almost all organ systems, including the endocrine, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, reproductive, nervous, and immune systems. Obesity in children and adolescents affects growth, cognitive function, and psychosocial interactions during development, in addition to aggravating known adult comorbidities such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, dyslipidemia, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, obstructive sleep apnea, and cancer. Childhood and adolescent obesity are highly associated with increased cardiometabolic risk factors and prevalence of metabolic syndrome. The risk of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases in later life can be considerably decreased by even a small weight loss before the onset of puberty. Childhood and adolescent obesity is a disease that requires treatment and is associated with many comorbidities and disease burdens. Therefore, early detection and therapeutic intervention are crucial.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.115-120
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• 2008

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between serum ferritin and the metabolic syndrome (MS). Methods : We conducted a cross-sectional study of 1,444 adults over age 40 and under age 70 that lived in a rural area and participated in a survey conducted as part of the Korean Rural Genomic Cohort Study (KRGCS). The MS was defined as the presence of at least three of the followings : elevated blood pressure, low high density lipoprotein cholesterol, elevated serum triglycerides, elevated plasma glucose, or abdominal obesity. After adjustment for age, alcohol intake, menopausal status, body mass index (BMI), high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), odds ratios (ORs) for the prevalence of the MS by sex were calculated for quartiles of serum ferritin using logistic regression analysis. Results : The MS was more common in those persons , with the highest levels of serum ferritin, compared to persons with the lowest levels, in men (37.1% vs. 22.4%, p=0.006) and women (58.8% vs. 34.8, p<0.001). In both sexes, the greater the number of MS components presents, the greater the serum ferritin levels. After adjustment for age, alcohol intake, and menopausal status, the OR for metabolic syndrome, comparing the fourth quartile of ferritin with the first quartile, was 2.21 (95% confidence interval; CI=1.26-3.87; p-trend=0.024) in men and 2.10 (95% CI=1.40-3.17; p-trend=0.001) in women. However, after further adjustment for BMI, hs-CRP, and ALT, the ORs were statistically attenuated in both sexes. Conclusions : Moderately elevated serum ferritin levels were not independently associated with the prevalence of the MS after adjusting for other risk factors. Further studies are needed to obtain evidence concerning the association between serum ferritin levels and the MS.

• 한국농촌간호학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.5-17
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• 2012

Purpose: The objectives of this study were to investigate the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) and to identify associated factors with MetS among rural residents. Methods: Data were collected from 1,196 subjects over aged 30 years by a self-administered questionnaire, physical measurement, and blood test in a rural area. The prevalence of MetS was determined by the criteria of the American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (AHA/NHLBI) and 2005 the Korean society for the study of obesity. Results: The prevalence of MetS was 40.5% for men, 49.2% for women. The prevalence of risk factors of MetS was 57.4% for elevated blood pressure, 49.0% for low HDL-cholesterol, and 48.6% for abdominal obesity. Unemployment and higher Body mass index (BMI) were associated factors for MetS regardless of gender. And higher age and physical inactivity in women only increased the odds of the MetS. Especially, BMI was a strong risk factor of MetS in both men and women. Conclusion: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was higher in a rural area. Therefore, health care providers should develop lifestyle modification program to increase physical activity level and to prevent the obesity among rural residents in order to decrease the prevalence of MetS.

• 대한한의진단학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.85-100
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• 2010

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate diagnostic value of Transcranial Doppler Ultrasound about risk factor of stroke by comparing blood flow between patients with metabolic syndrome(MS group) and Normal group. Methods: 62 metabolic syndrome patients and 106 healthy adults were selected who had no cerebrovascular diseases, cardiovascular diseases and other systemic diseases. We measured the mean velocity(Vm), peak systolic velocity(Vs) and pulsatility index(PI) of MCA, ACA, PCA, VA, ICA in two groups using TCD. All subjects were divided by gender and age. Results: In comparing Ms group with normal group, Vm in the MCA, ACA, PCA, ICA and Vs in the MCA, ICA were lower in MS group. In all vessels, PI of MS group were higher than that of Normal group. In all vessels, Vm and Vs revealed negative correlation with age and PI revealed positive correlation with age. In 20-39 year olds, there was decrease in the Vs and Vm and increase of PI of MS group in comparison with normal group. There was significant difference in the Vm of PCA, ICA, Vs of MCA, PCA, ICA and PI of MCA, ACA. In 40-59 year olds, Vm in the MCA, ACA, ICA and Vs in the MCA, ACA were lower in MS group. PI in the MCA, ACA, PCA, ICA were higher in MS group. In 60-79 year olds, Vm of MCA, PCA, ICA was decreased in MS group than Normal group with no statistical signification. Vs in the MCA was lower and PI in the PCA was higher in MS group. In male, Vm of PCA and Vs of MCA were lower and PI of MCA, ACA, PCA, ICA were higher in MS group. In female, Vm of MCA, PCA, ICA and Vs of MCA, ICA were lower and PI of ACA, PCA, VA, ICA were higher in MS group. Conclusions: The significant difference in Vm, Vs, PI between MS group and normal group suggests hemodynamic disorder. Screening and prognosing high risk group can be done through TCD and this can be used to prevent stroke. More detailed study will be needed.