• 미생물학회지
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.245-245
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• 2002

Catabolic pathways for the degradation of various aromatics by Sphingomonas yanoikuyae Bl are intertwined, joining at the level of substituted benzoates, which are further degraded vita ring cleavage reactions. The mutant strain EK497, which was constructed by deleting a large DNA region containing most of the genes for biphenyl, naphthalene, m-xylene, and m-toluate degradation, was unable to grow on all of the aromatics tested except for benzoate as the sole source of carbon and energy.S. yanoikuyae EK497 was found to possess only catechol ortho-ring cleavage activity due to deletion of the genes for the meta-cleavage pathway. Wild-type S. yanoikuyae Bl grown on benzoate has both catechol orthoand meta-cleavage activity. However, m-xylene and m-toluate, which are metabolized through methylbenzoate, and biphenyl, which is metabolized through benzoate, induce only the meta-cleavage pathway, suggesting the presence of a substrate-dependent induction mechanism.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.245-249
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• 2000

Catabolic pathways for the degradation of various aromatics by Sphingomonas yanoikuyae Bl are intertwined, joining at the level of substituted benzoates, which are further degraded vita ring cleavage reactions. The mutant strain EK497, which was constructed by deleting a large DNA region containing most of the genes for biphenyl, naphthalene, m-xylene, and m-toluate degradation, was unable to grow on all of the aromatics tested except for benzoate as the sole source of carbon and energy.S. yanoikuyae EK497 was found to possess only catechol ortho-ring cleavage activity due to deletion of the genes for the meta-cleavage pathway. Wild-type S. yanoikuyae Bl grown on benzoate has both catechol orthoand meta-cleavage activity. However, m-xylene and m-toluate, which are metabolized through methylbenzoate, and biphenyl, which is metabolized through benzoate, induce only the meta-cleavage pathway, suggesting the presence of a substrate-dependent induction mechanism.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• 제5권6호
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• pp.449-455
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• 2000

Pseudomonas sp. strain DJ-12 is a bacterial isolate capable of degrading 4-chlorobiphenyl (4CBP) as a carbon and energy source. The catabolic degradation of 4CBP by the strain DJ-12 was studied along with the genetic organization of the genes responsible for the crucial steps of the catabolic degradation. The catabolic pathway was characterized as being conducted by consecutive reactions of the meta-cleavage of 4CBP, hydrolytic dechlorination of 4-chlorobenzoate (4CBA), hydroxylation of 4-hydroxybenzoate, and meta-cleavage of protocatechuate. The pcbC gene responsible for the meta-cleavage of 4CBP only showed a 30 to 40% homology in its deduced amino acid sequence compared to those of the corresponding genes from other strains. The amino acid sequence of 4CBA-CoA dechlorinase showed an 86% homology with that of Pseudomonas sp. CBS3, yet only a 50% homology with that of Arthrobacter spp. However, the fcb genes for the hydrolytic dechlorination of 4CBA in Pseudomonas sp. DJ-12 showed an uniquely different organization from those of CBS3 and other reported strains. Accordingly, these results indicate that strain DJ-12 can degrade 4CBA completely via meta-cleavage and hydrolytic dechlorination using enzymes that are uniquely different in their amino acid sequences from those of other bacterial strains with the same degradation activities.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.65-76
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• 1994

자연호소의 혐기성 저질을 특정한 chlorophenol(CP)에 적응시킨 후 다른 구조물 가진 CP에 대한 탈염소 특성을 검토하였다. CP에 노출되지 않는 혐기성 저질에서는 mono-CP의 경우 ortho > meta > para-염소의 손으로 di-CP의 경우는 ortho > par > meta- 염소의 순서로 짧은 지체기를 거친 후 탈염소가 발생하였다. Mono-CP 중 2-CP에 적응된 저질은 4-CP와 3,4DCP를 제외하고, 3-CP에 적응시킨 저질은 4-CP를 제외한 모든 시험물질에 대하여 지체기 없이 탈염소 특성을 나타내었다. DCP에 적응된 모든 저질은 2-CP, 2,3,-, 2,4-, and 3,4-DCP를 지체기 없이 탈염소가 발생하지 않았다. 이 결과에서 볼 때 mono-와 di-CP를 탈염소시키는 혐기성 미생물의 종류가 다양함을 알 수 있다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.483-489
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• 2004

Pseudomonas sp. S-47 is a bacterium capable of degrading benzoate as well as 4-chlorobenzoate (4CBA). Benzoate and 4CBA are known to be degraded via a meta-cleavage pathway characterized by a series of enzymes encoded by xyl genes. The meta-cleavage pathway operon in Pseudomonas sp. S-47 encodes a set of enzymes which transform benzoate and 4CBA into TCA cycle intermediates via the meta-cleavage of (4-chloro )catechol to produce pyruvate and acetyl-CoA. In the current study, the meta-pathway gene cluster was cloned from the chromosomal DNA of S-47 strain to obtain pCS1, which included the degradation activities for 4CBA and catechol. The genetic organization of the operon was then examined by cloning the meta-pathway genes into a pBluescript SKII(+) vector. As such, the meta-pathway operon from Pseudomonas sp. S-47 was found to contain 13 genes in the order of xylXYZLTEGFlQKIH. The two regulatory genes, xylS and xylR, that control the expression of the meta-pathway operon, were located adjacently downstream of the meta-pathway operon. The xyl genes from strain S-47 exhibited a high nucleoside sequence homology to those from Pseudomonas putida mt-2, except for the xylJQK genes, which were more homologous to the corresponding three genes from P. stutzeri AN10. One open reading frame was found between the xylH and xylS genes, which may playa role of a transposase. Accordingly, the current results suggest that the xyl gene cluster in Pseudomonas sp. S-47 responsible for the complete degradation of benzoate was recombined with the corresponding genes from P. putida mt-2 and P. stutzeri AN10.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.607-612
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• 1990

생분해성 고분자로서 중요한 poly-$\beta$-hydroxybutyrate(PHB)의 생합성에 있어서 포도당과 암모늄농도의 영향을 규명하기 위하여 Alcaligenes eutrophus를 회분식으로 배양하였다. PHB는 질소원이 고갈되면서 생성되었고 건조세포무게의 약 80까지 축적되었다. 초기 포도당농도가 높을수록 세포성장과 PHB 합성은 억제되었지만 최종 세포농도와 건조세포무게에 대한 PHB 축적비는 증가하였다. 초기 암모늄농도가 낮을수록 최종 세포와 PHB 농도가 낮았지만 건조세포무게에 대한 PHB 축적비는 증가하였다. 배양도중 산소공급을 중단했을 때 세포성장과 PHB 합성이 중단되었다.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 1992

Pseudomonas sp. DJ77 의 chromosomal DNA로 부터 6-8kb XhoI 절편 상에 존재하는 phenanthrene 분해에 관련된 유전자군을 vector pBLUESCRIPT SK(+)에 클로닝하였다. 이렇게 얻은 재조합 plasmid인 pHENX7을 가지고 있는 JM101 균주는 3-methylcatechol을 노란색의 meta-cleavage 화합물로 전환학 수 있었다. 그러자 삽입된 절편의 방향이 반대가 되도록 제조한 pHENX7R 은 extradiol dioxygenase 활성을 나타내지 않기 때문에 전사방향을 알 수 있었다. pHENX7과 이의 유도체들을 지니는 JM101 균주에서 PhnC(24kDa), PhnD(31 kDa), PhnE(34 kDA), PhnF(15 kDa) 의 4 polypeptide 를 확인학 수 있었고 개개의 유전자의 위치와 범위를 알 수 있었다. 유전자 순서는 phnC-phnD-phnE-phnF-phnG 이었으며, phnD, phnE, phnG 는 각기 gluthione S-transferase, meta-cleavage compound hydrolase, extradiol dioxygenase, metacleavage compound dehydrogenase 의 유전자이었다.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.188-192
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• 1997

The strain of S-47 degrading 4-chlorobenzoic acid (4CBA) was isolated from Ulsan chemical industrial complex by enrichment cultivation with 1 mM 4CBA. The strain was Gram-negative rod and grew optimally at 30.deg.C and pH 7 under aerobic condition, so that the organism was identified as a species of Pseudomonas. Pseudomonas sp. S-47 degraded 4-chlorobenzoic acid to produce a yellow-colored meta-cleavage product, which was confirmed to be 5-chloro-2-hydroxymuconic semialdehyde (5C-2HMS) by UV-visible spectrophotometry. 5C-3HMS was proved trometry. This means that Pseudomonas sp. S-47 degraded 4CBA via 4-chlorocatechol to 5C-2HMS by meta-cleavage reaction and then to 5C-2HMA by 5C-2HMS dehydrogenase.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.37-46
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• 2004

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia LK-24가 페놀화합물을 분해하는데 관련된 효소들과 페놀의 분해 산물을 분석한 결과 phenol hydrolase, catechol-2.3-dioxygenase, 2-hydroxymuconic semialdehyde dehydrogenase, 2-hydroxymuconic semialdehyde hydroxylase, 및 acetaldehyde dehydrogenase를 확인하였다. 이러한 효소들의 활성으로 보아 페놀은 meta-pathway ring cleavage를 거치면서 분해되는 것으로 사료된다. 이러한 결과는 페놀화합물의 metabolic pathways를 이해하는데 많은 도움이 되며, phenolic-contaminated waste streams에 S. maltophilia LK-24를 사용할 수 있으리라 여겨진다.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.199-204
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• 1988

Naphthalene을 유일한 탄소원으로 이용하는 균을 분식 배양과 연속식 배양에 의해서 토양과 폐수로부터 분리하였다. 이 균은 Pseudomonas putida로 동정되었으며, 최적 pH와 온도는 각각 7.0과 3$0^{\circ}C$ 이었다. 분리된 균은 1,5-dihydroxynaphthalene을 naphthalene보다 더욱 잘 이용하였으며 benzoate와 salicylate도 이용하였다. 또한 catechol dl meta-분해경로를 통해서 분해되었으며, ampicillin, chloramphenicol, kanamycin, streptomycin에 대해서 강한 저항성을 지니고 있었으며, naphthalene의 분해에 관여하는 약 110kb 크기의 plasmid를 1개 지니고 있었다.