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The Effect of Variations in the Tsushima Warm Currents on the Egg and Larval Transport of Anchovy in the Southern Sea of Korea (한국 남해의 대마난류 변동이 멸치 난$\cdot$자어의 연안역 수송에 미치는 영향)

  • CHOO Hyo-Sang;KIM Dong-Soo
    • Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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    • v.31 no.2
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    • pp.226-244
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    • 1998
  • The relationship between the transport of eggs and larvae of Anchovy (Engraulis japonica) and the oceanic condition in the southern sea of Korea was examined on August and November 1996. In summer (August), when the Tsushima Warm Current is strong near to the coast, the warm waters such as warm streamers from the Tsushima Warm Current intrude into the coastal area, and cyclonic circulations are formed. The warm water intrusions also generate wakes around Komun Island, Sori Island and Koje Island. In the coastal area where the warm water intrusions occur, the nutrients, dissolved oxygen, suspended solid and chlorophyll are concentrated in probably relation to the upwelling concerned with this warm streamer and/or the wakes. Anchovy eggs and larvae are transported to the coastal area by the cyclonic circulations. The hatching and growth of anchovy larvae are increased because of high primary production in the cyclonic circulations. However, as the amount of Copepods which are a main food for anchovy larvae decrease in the coastal area, anchovy larvae seem to move to the Isushima Warm Water area for seeking a prey. In autumn (November), the Tsushima Warm Current is far away from the coast. In this season the warm water intrusions almost disappear, and the small scaled frontal eddies are formed between the coastal water and the Tsushima Warm Water. As the surface water moves towards offshore, few anchovy eggs and larvae were sampled in the survey area. Chemical and biological substances are concentrated in the leftdown sides of the small scaled frontal eddies because of eddy formation.

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Spatial Structure of Hinterlands and Forelands of Pusan Container Export Port: the Cases of 3 National Flag Carriers (부산 컨테이너 수출항의 배후지와 지향지의 공간구조)

  • Cho, Su-Kyung
    • Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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    • v.28 no.3
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    • pp.247-267
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    • 1993
  • According to developing international economy since the World War II, the increase and competition of the national business is so empha-sized tht both the interest and the necessity about marine transportation playing the impor-thant role of international transportation are increased. Today, the container transportation, as called the innovation of marine transport has been prevailed since the 1970's. The purpose of this paper is to grasp the spatial structure of the hinterlands and forelands, its object is export container cargo at Pusan Export Port, as known for the transportation node of modern containerlization. In this study, for the purpose of grasping the relation between hinterlands and forelands of Korean export container cargo, first, I researched the transition of carloading about container cargo, the bistribution channel of cargo, the change of the items of container and the carlo-adings about transport route, secondly, I used the cluster analysis so as to group hinterlands according to the items of goods and forelands. The object of the analysis is container cargo of Choyang Line, Hanjin Shipping and Hyundai Merchant Marine of National Frag Carriers. The source materials used in this study are Trucking Data of Hanjin Co., Container Ren-tal Data of Samik Transport Co. and Transpor-ting Present Condition Tables of Hyundai Mer-chant Marine. 1. There are two kinds of the transport classi-fied by its form: FCL and LCL. In Pusan Con-tainer Export, a lot of textile goods, clothings and furniture, compound, electric goods, and so on are dealed with but the rate of occupation of the transport is getting lower while that of occupation of equipment, papers and agricultu-ral, mineral and livestock industry higher. 2. In 1990, the transports of container cargo in Korea consist of 7 services and round-the world lines. We can list North America lines, East-South Asian lines, Japan lines and Inter European lines, in order of the quantity of tran-sport form the largest to the smaller. We can have another list that Japan lines, North Ame-rica lines and East-South lines in order of the rate participation of national flag carriers, be-cacuse Korean foreign trade lay disproportionate emphasis on East-South Asian lines. Japan lines among them is the biggest import-export market. Since the rationlization policy of marine tran-sport in 1984, each of national flag carriers have its own lines. Hanjin Shipping predominates over North America lines, Choyang Line over New Zealand, Inter European and Austria lines and Hyundai Merchant Marine over Center-South America lines, in terms of the volume of transport. And small-to-medium sized shippers are prevailing in lines which are adjacent to Korea, Such as Japan lines and East-South Asian lines. 3. In relation to hinterlands and forelands of Choyang Line, the light industry goods, electric goods and machinary produced in Seoul and Pusan are exported to the major ports in Europe and Japan, the same produces in Suwon, Ulsan, Kumi are exported to European Ports, and those in Incheon and Kwangju Austrian and Japanese ports, and those in the rest regions to the major port in Japan. 4. In relation to hinterlands and forelands of Hanjin Shipping, the light industry goods pro-ducing in Seoul and Pusan, the electric goods and machinary in Incheon and Pyeongteck, are exported to New York and Los Angeles. Electric goods and machinary Masan, Anyang, Cheona, Cheongju and Incheon, Electric goods machinary and light industry goods in Kwangju and non mental goods in Pohang, are exported New York, Los Angeles and Oakland. 5. In relation to hinterlands and forelands of Hyundai Merchant Marine, the region of Seoul, Pusan and Incheon closely related with the main ports in U.S.A. The rest regions with Montreal. The hinterlands of export container cargo can be classified by its export items into three kinds: the large city, industrial city and the rest city. Choyang Line's forelands are European lines, Japan lines and Austria lines, and Hanjin Shipping's forelands are North America lines, and Hyundai Merchant Marine's forelands are North America lines and Japan line. 3 National flag carriers' major forelands are determined by the size of port and the shipper's convenient use of the port terminal.

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Development of RAPD-SCAR Molecular Marker Related to Seed-hair Characteristic in Carrot (당근(Daucus carota var. sativa) 종자모 형질 관련 RAPD-SCAR 분자표지 개발)

  • Shim, Eun-Jo;Park, Sung-Kwan;Oh, Gyu-Dong;Jun, Sang-Jin;Park, Young-Doo
    • Horticultural Science & Technology
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    • v.31 no.6
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    • pp.756-763
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    • 2013
  • Mechanical hair removal of carrot seed causes seed injuries and suppresses the germination in carrot cultivation. This study was performed to develop molecular markers for breeding high quality cultivars with short-hair seed. To meet this objective, random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD)-sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) markers specifically linked to seed-hair characteristic were identified using CT-SMR 616 OP 389-1 line with short-haired seed and CT-SMR 616 OP 616-33 line with long-haired seed, bred by self-pollination for 6 years from 2008 to 2013, as parents. After seed hair lengths of these lines were analyzed using microscope, next generations were advanced and compared with the molecular markers polymorphism. From RAPD analysis using fixed lines in 2011, twelve RAPD primers showing polymorphic bands specific between the two lines were identified from 80 random primers. To develop RAPD-SACR marker, SCAR primers were designed based on sequence analysis of these specific RAPD bands and more than three combinations of primers were tested. As a result, it was found that the $SCA2_{1.2}$ amplified single polymorphic band from short-haired seed line. To confirm this result, $SCA2_{1.2}$ marker was retested by applying to the 2012 and 2013 progenies. Finally, it was concluded that the developed $SCA2_{1.2}$ marker distinguished short-haired line from long-haired seed line. Therefore, SCAR marker, $SCA2_{1.2}$ is expected to be utilized for breeding of the short-haired seed cultivars.

A Comparison of Dietary Supplemental Conjugated Linoleic Acid and Various Gil on Performance and Fatty Acid Composition of Broiler Chicks (육계사료에 CLA와 다른 유지의 첨가가 생산성 및 계육의 지방산 조성에 미치는 영향 비교)

  • 류경선;류명선;김은성;최형송;정문웅
    • Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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    • v.29 no.2
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    • pp.125-134
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    • 2002
  • Two experiments were conducted to compare the dietary supplemental influence of conjugated linoleic acid(CLA), soybean oil(SBO) and commercial tallow(CT) on MEn, performance and breast meat composition of broiler chicks. Diets contained 21.5, 19% CP and 3,100, 3,100kcal/kg ME for starter and finisher, respectively. Each three levels(1.0, 2.0, 3.0%) of CLA, SBO, CT were supplemented to basal diets. Five hundred fDrty and three hundred sixty one day old, male broiler chicks were replaced to 3$\times$3, 2$\times$3 factorial design with four replicates in Expt 1 and 2. Weight gain, fled intake, fled conversion, W antibody titer and fatty acid composition were measured. Metabolizable energy(ME) were measured through the metabolic feeding trial in each oil. ME was 8,542, 9,179, 8,733 kcal/kg in CLA, SBO and CT, respectively. In Expt 1, weight gain was not statistically different between dietary oil treatments. Feed intake was significantly increased by CLA supplement(P<0.05). Feed conversion was significantly improved in SBO supplemental groups of all treatments(P<0.05). Weight gain and feed intake were significantly increased and fled conversion was significantly improved in CLA 2% and 3% supplemental groups compared with CLA 1% group(P<0.05). Fatty acid composition of breast meat was changed by CLA supplement. CLA content of breast meat was 12.23, 18.74, 25.67 mg/g in 1, 2, and 3% CLA treatments and showed significant difference between them(P<0.05). In Expt 2, CLA supplements increased weight gain signi(icantly for (inishing period(P<0.05) compared to that of other treatments. There was no significant difference in M Antibody titer in Expt 1 and Expt 2. As the results of these experiments, birds fed CLA tended to gain higher weight and significantly increased CLA contents of breast meat(P<0.05).

Construction of a Genetic Linkage Map in Radish(Raphanus sativus L.) Using RAPD Markers (RAPD 마커를 이용한 무의 유전자지도 작성)

  • Ahn, Choon-Hee;Choi, Su-Ryun;Lim, Yong-Pyo;Chung, Hae-Joon;Yae, Byeong-Woo;Yoon, Wha-Mo
    • Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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    • v.29 no.3
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    • pp.151-159
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    • 2002
  • Genetic map and molecular marker have a great importance in improving and facilitating crop breeding program as well as in genome analysis and map-based cloning of genes representing desirable characters. This study aimed at developing RAPD markers and constructing a genetic linkage map using 82 BC$_1$F$_1$individuals originated from the cross between '835' and B$_2$in radish (Raphanus sativus L.). One of the parents for genetic linkage map construction, '835'(P$_1$) of egg type is susceptible to Fusarium wilt and have medium resistance to virus infection and the other parent, B$_2$(P$_2$) of round type, is susceptible to Fusarium wilt and virus, Screening of 394 RAPD primers in BC$_1$F$_1$) population resulted in selecting 128 polymorphic markers which displayed 1:1 segregation pattern. Two markers failed to display 1:1 segregation and showed the segregation ratio skewed to maternal genotype. Selected markers were categorized into 14 linkage group based on LOD score represented by MAPMAKER/EXP program. Five groups composed of single marker among them were excluded from the linkage map, and consequently, the remaining groups are well matched with the number of radish chromosome (n=9). The linkage map constructed with 128 markers covers 1,688.3 cM and the average distance between markers was 13.8 cM. For developing STS marker, we determined the partial nucleotide sequence of OPE10 marker at both ends and designed a oligonucleotide primer pair based on this sequence. STS PCR using the primer pair displayed a single, clear band of which segregation is perfectly matched with that of OPE10 marker. This implies that RAPD markers could readily convert into clear and reliable STS markers.