• 대한치과기공학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.121-142
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• 2006

Collecting materials for study on teaching efficiency and satisfaction of clinical training, it changes. Dental technology's educational procedure to many ways of a prospect. In a circumstance that needed higher level of education, this study is aimed on realizing an importance of clinical training through the various materials that previously carried out and offering basic knowledge to take better clinical training for the students. Study results below 1. This Investigation conducted on 123 of sophomores(70.3%) and 52 of juniors(29.7%) who have been taken clinical training, and men's proportion(51.45%)is a bit higher than girls(48.6%). The 64% of respondents taken largest proportion were 20 to 24 years old. As 67.9% of respondents attended daytime school and 30.3% of them attended nighttime one, their school time shows a little difference. In a question about relation ship, one answered "Harmonious" took largest proportion by 72.6% during training, and about the degree of satisfaction of campus life who answered "normal" were the most with 59.4%. 2. About the reason choosing dental technology as a major, 41.1% taken the most answered "due to the specialized job", "Getting job easily" was second with 26.9%, and third was "recommended from around" with 18.3%. 50.3% of the respondents answered "normal" about the Satisfaction of their major, student marked in grade "B" most with 51.4% 3. In a investigation result about clinical training statues and preference, most(72.6%) choose place less than 10 for clinical training, and 60.6% of them resided own home. About their commuting time from home to training place, 44% was under 30min, 40% took time 30-60min. It shows students prefer shotter distance in terms of choosing training place. 4. Each part manager took large proportion as a clinical trainer with 33.7%, Training curriculum reform and developing method were most answer as a improvement measure after completing training with 30%. 5. The average of total score about clinical training was 3.15 of 5. In the detailed question, 'satisfaction of clinical training' got 3.38 as a highest score, the lowest score was 2.86 that is about satisfaction of clinical training period. The average score about efficiency of study was 2.86 and in detailed question, 'a Role model' got 3.26 as a highest score and participation of student got 3.05 as a lowest score. 6. The result of T-test to see the difference of the satisfaction according to the general character and clinic training condition between teaching efficiency is that the degree of satisfaction of clinical training showed statistical significance only in the degree of satisfaction of campus life(p<0.05), and teaching efficiency has a statistical significance with their age, grade, and satisfaction of campus life (p<0.05). 7. The relation between of teaching efficiency of clinical training and satisfaction of clinical training of dental technologic student has a statistical meaning in significance leveler 0.01. Now, therefore we suggest following based on these result. 1. To elevate satisfaction of clinical training, it agentry needs development of consistent clinical training curriculum. 2. To grasp the satisfaction and requirement, in needs to measure anxiousness and satisfactory degree after completing training 3. To train efficiently and evaluate efficiency over the teaching activities, it needs to develop measuring tools for teaching efficiency in terms of teacher's important rules in a clinical training. 4. Strengthen the relations with the study developing and managing curriculum gathering theoretical knowledge and practice. And make an effort to apply to their students. 5. Let the trainee take a class setting a belief, sense of value, function and obtain behavior by making the students comfort over clinical training as increasing teaching efficiency.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.88-117
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• 1990

The purposes of this study are to delineate a profile of the state of a stroke patient's adaptation at 3 months after hospitalization and to explore the relationship between the level of adaptation and the variables which influence the adaptation of hemiplegic patients. To these ends, theoretical framework was derived basically from the stress adaptation model. The basic assumption underlying the level of adaptation is influenced by the presenting focal, contextual and residual stimuli. This group of stimuli is further operationalized and represented by a perception of stress. which is the perceived effect of the disability and by the mediating variables such as sociodemographic factors as an external conditioning variables and perceived social support and hardiness personality characteristics as an internal intervening variables. The dependent varibales in this study is the level of physical, psychological and social adaptation and is hypothesized to be a function of the interaction between 3 sets of variables namely, the perceived disability effect, external conditioning variables and internal intevening varibles. A total of fourty three subjects from 3 general hospitals in Seoul were observed and interviewed with the aid of 7 structured instruments. The data were collected twice on each subject : first at the pre-discharge period arid at 3 months post-discharge from hospital for the second time. The study was carried out for the period from February to August, 1988. The instruments used for the study include 4 existing scales and 3 scales developed by the researcher for this study. They are : 1) The ADL dependency scale and the scale of the clinical physical functions for the assessment of physical adaptation. 2) the SDS(self report of depression) to measure the level of psychological adaptation. 3) The scale for the amount of social activities for the measurement of the level of social adaptation. 4) The scale for the perceived effect of disability for the measurement of the focal stimuli. 5) The health related hardiness scale and the perceived interpersonal support self evaluation list(ISEL) for the measurement of the hardiness personality character and the perceived social support. The data obtained were analyzed using percentage, oneway ANOVA, Pearson coefficients correlation and stepwise multiple regression. The findings provide valuable information about the present level of physical adaptation at 3 months after discharge. The patient revealed a decreased ADL dependency and lowered limitation of physical function as compared with pre - discharge state. Psycholcgically, the average degree of depression at follow up was within normal range of depression. Socially, the amount of social activities was very low. The one way ANOVA and the correlational analysis revealed the relationship between the 3 sets of variables and the adaptation level as follows : 1) The perceived disability effect was related to the degree of the depression and the amount of social activities but was not related to the physical adaptation. 2) Among the sociodemographic variables, sex and education were related to the difference of ADL dependency and the change of physical function. These factors indicate that women more than men and educated more than the less educated were found more independent. The education was also related to the degree of depression suggesting that the higher the educational level, the more well adapted the patients were both physically and psychologically. Age, marital status and job state were not found to be related to the patient's adaptation level. 3) Among the internal intervening variables, the health related hardiness characteristic was related to the differences of ADL dependency, physical functions and the social activities, indicating that the higher the hardiness character the higher the level of physical and social adaptation. 4) The perceived social support, another internal intervening variable, was related to the degree of depression and the social activities. This data suggest that the higher the perception of social support, the better adapted the patients were psychogically and socially. In summarizing the results of the correlational analysis, the level of physical adaptation was influenced by sex, the years of education and the hardiness character. The level of psychological adaptation was influenced by the years of education, the perceived disability effect and the perceived social support. And the level of social adaptation was influenced by the perceived disability effect, the hardiness character and the perceived social support. The stepwise multiple regression analysis shows findings as follows : 1) The most important factor to explain the difference of ADL dependency was sex, indicating females were more independent than males. 2) The most important factor to explain the difference of physical function and the degree of depression was the patient's education level. 3) The strongest explaining factor for the amount of social activities was perceived self esteem(one of the subconcepts of perceived social support). Thus the most important factors influencing the level of adaptation were found to be sex, education, the hardiness character and self esteem. From the above findings, the significance of this study can be delineated as follows : 1) Corroboration of the assumed relationship between the various variables and the adaptation level as suggested in the conceptual model. 2) Support for the feasibility of the cognitive approach for nursing intervention such as hardness character training, counselling and teaching for self-care in the chronic patients.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2011

본 연구는 남녀 노인을 대상으로 12주간의 트레이닝을 실시한 후, 대요근과 대퇴부 근육의 근 횡단면적의 변화를 검토하였다. 연구 대상자는 65세에서 80세까지의 노인 58명(남성 30명, 여성 28명)이었으며, 대조군 19명과 운동군 39명으로 나누어 실시하였다. 측정항목은 신장, 체중, 체질량, 대요근과 대퇴부의 근 횡단면적을 측정하였다. 근육의 평가는 자기공명영상법(MRI)을 사용하여 실험 전, 후 실시하였다. 운동군은 대요근과 대퇴부 근육을 증가시키기 위하여 특별히 고안된 기계를 사용하여 평균 주 2일, 12주 동안 23번의 트레이닝을 실시하였다. 대요근의 측정부위는 L4와 L5의 중간부위를 분석하고, 대퇴부는 대퇴골과 무릎까지 길이를 나누어 50%부위에서 분석하였다. 트레이닝 후, 운동군의 대요근 근횡단면적은 9.4% 증가하였다(남성 11.5%, 여성 8.4%). 그러나 대퇴부 근 횡단면적은 남녀 모두 운동 후 증가경향은 나타나지 않았다. 또한 같은 기간 대조군의 근 횡단면적에서도 유의한 변화는 나타나지 않았다. 대요근은 자세 유지와 허리, 골반 및 대퇴부의 연결에 중요한 역할을 담당하기 때문에, 특히 노인의 이동활동에 중요하다고 사료된다. 본 연구에서는 새로이 개발된 트레이닝 기계를 사용하여 단기간트레이닝 후, 대요근 근 횡단면적의 증가를 확인하였으며, 이것은 노인들의 근력 및 이동능력의 향상 가능성이 시사되었다.

• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.70-80
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• 2000

Purpose : This study was performed to evaluate the antistress effects of two aromatic blends being composed of synergic essential oils and also to differentiate its effectiveness between two. Methods : The subject were 20(10 for men, 10 for women) for vital factors and another 20(10 for mem, 10 for women) for serum catecholamine. Vital factors(blood pressure, pulse), electroencephalograpy, psychological tests(SACL, STAI) and serum catecholamine were applied to the subjects. Results : 1. All two aromatic synergic blends revealed no significant differnce of vital factors after inhalation but stable conditions generally by lowering pulse and blood pressure after inhalation. 2. Both blends were significantly valuable in antianxiety and antistress effects statistically. There were no statistically difference between two blends. 3. There were no significant difference in all brain waves after inhalation of two blends but generally stable brain waves were seen in all areas. 4. There were antistress effects of both blends in accordance of decreased serum catecholamines after inhalation of both blends. There were no significantly difference between two blends statistically. Conclusion : Both two aromatic synergic blends reached effective antistress and antianxiety states after inhalation of each blends. There were no significant difference between two blends. Further studies about the effectiveness between the amount of aromatic essential oils and the duration of inhalation should be considered. Also clinical applications of these two aromatic synergic blending oils to develop the aromatic products would be affordable in the future.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.197-211
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to examine the image of dental hygienists. The subjects in the study were 396 patients and their caregivers who visited 14 dental hospitals and dentists' offices in and around Seoul. After a survey was conducted, the following findings were given: 1. The people investigated gave a mean of 4.0 to the image of dental hygienists. Dental hygienists rated highest in terms of looking neat and tidy(4.33), and were given the lowest marks in arbitrary job performance(3.46). 2. There appeared four different types of dental hygienist images, which made a 59.824 prediction of the image of dental hygienists in general. A typical image(4.11) was most dominant, followed by professional one(4.07), personal one(4.01) and social one(3.73). 3. The relations between the general characteristics of the respondents and their image of dental hygienists could be described as below: 1) By age, those who were in their 60s(4.12) had the best image of dental hygienists, and the teenagers(3.90) had the worst image of them. 2) By gender, the men(4.05) looked at dental hygienists more positively than the women(3.96). They had a significantly different opinion on the social image of dental hygienists according to gender(pE0.05). 3) By marital status, the married people(4.00) had a better image of dental hygienists than the unmarried ones(3.95). 4) As for the influence of the type of dental institutions, they had a more favorable image of dental hygienists in dentists' offices(4.13) than in dental hospitals(3.88). There was a broad significant difference in the way they looked at the professional and personal images of dental hygienists according to the type of dental institutions(pE0.001). 5) As to the impact of educational level, those who received community-college or higher education(4.01) had the best image of dental hygienists, and those who received middle-school or lower education(3.91) had the worst image of them. 6) By occupation, the government workers and students(4.07) had the best image of dental hygienists, and the company employees(3.90) had the worst image of them. They took a significantly different view of the social image of dental hygienists according to occupation(pE0.05). 7) Concerning the impact of the frequency of receiving dental treatment, the respondents who had received it seven times or more(4.16) had the best image of dental hygienists, and those who hadn't(3.79) the worst image of them. There was a wide significant gap according to that frequency. The way they looked at the typical, social and professional images of dental hygienists was quite different significantly according to that frequency as well(pE0.001). 8) As for the influence of whether they were accompanied by caregivers or not, the people who weren't accompanied by caregivers(3.99) had a better image of dental hygienists than those who were(3.97).

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.115-120
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• 2015

Gadoxetic acid (GA) 조영증강 자기공명(MR) 영상에서 일반적으로 많이 이용되는 숙임각(flip angle, FA) $11^{\circ}$와 비교하여 FA $30^{\circ}$를 이용한 3분, 10분 및 15분 영상에서 국소성 간 병변 검출 차이를 알아보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 3.0T MR 기기로 GA 조영증강지연기 MR영상을 시행 받은 69명의 환자를 대상으로 하였다. 대상 환자는 간세포암 23명과 전이암 12명으로 총 35명(남성 23, 여성12, 평균연령 60.4세)이었다. GA 주입 후 3분, 10분, 15분의 영상에서 각각 FA $11^{\circ}$와 $30^{\circ}$ 영상을 획득하였다. 각각의 영상에서 정량적평가와 정성적평가를 한 뒤 독립표본 T검정을 이용하여 통계적 분석을 하였다. 정량적 평가와 정성적 평가 모두 조영제 주입 후 3분과 10분 영상에서 FA $30^{\circ}$ 영상이 FA $11^{\circ}$ 영상보다 약간 우수하였으나 통계적 유의성은 없었다. 그러나 15분 영상에서는 FA $30^{\circ}$ 영상이 FA $11^{\circ}$ 영상보다 통계적으로 유의하게 우수하였다(p<0.05). GA 조영증강 후 15분 MR영상에서 FA $30^{\circ}$ 영상은 기존의 FA $11^{\circ}$ 영상보다 간 병변을 민감하게 검출해낼 수 있다.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제30권12호
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• pp.1800-1809
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• 2006

첨단소재와 테크놀로지를 수용 접목하기 위한 연구는 컴퓨터 공학 분야와 패션에서 나날이 중요한 이슈로 부각되고 있다. 특히 웨어러블 컴퓨터는 통합 소프트웨어 개념, 커뮤니케이션 장치들과 착용자를 위해 '감지' 할 수 있는 옷으로 전환되는 센서가 갖고 있는 한계를 극복할 수 있는 새로운 아이디어들을 잠재하고 있어 앞으로 이 분야에서 많은 개발 가능성을 보이고 있다. 웨어러블 컴퓨터의 기능은 이제 더 이상 하나의 옷이기 보다 옷과 입을 수 있는 컴퓨터의 상호 작용이 되기도 한다. 이 착용할 수 있는 컴퓨터통신망은 자료를 전달하고 파워와 제어신호를 착용자 개개인의 공간 안에서 조절 가능하게 되었다. 그럼에도 현실적으로 웨어러블 컴퓨터가 상업적으로 정착하기에는 여러 가지 어려운 문제점들을 갖고 있다. 이러한 시점에서 본 논문은 일반인들이 갖고 있는 웨어러블 컴퓨터에 대한 인지도와 관심도를 조사 및 분석하고 앞으로의 상업적 전망을 연구하는데 목적을 두고, 패션의 주요 도시 중 하나인 런던에 거주하는 20-30대의 젊은 층을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였다. 설문조사를 통해 얻은 결론을 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 소비자들은 웨어러블 테크놀로지에 친근하지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 개인 정보가 유출될지도 모른다는 우려와 기계조작에 대한 거부감, 비싼 비용 등으로 부정적인 견해가 더욱 큰 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 소비자들이 더욱 흥미를 갖는 웨어러블 컴퓨터 아이템들은 건강문제와 개인의 안전에 관한 것이며 이는 앞으로 이 분야의 잠재성과 시장성에 중요한 요인으로 작용하고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 마지막으로, 웨어러블 테크놀로지의 상업적 시장성을 위해서는 상호작용 장치의 단순화, 편리한 작동법 등도 소비자들에게 중요한 관건이 되고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 앞으로의 웨어러블 테크놀로지는 단순한 기술 개발에 앞서 소비자의 확실한 안전을 바탕으로한 상품의 제공을 위해서 다양한 연구조사가 보다 더 적극적으로 선행되어야 할 것으로 여겨진다.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.393-411
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• 2010

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to examine factors related to the satisfaction level of patients with dental services. Methods : The subjects in this study were 200 patients at three different dental clinics in South Gyeongsang Province, on whom a survey was conducted from June 1 to July 31, 2009. The collected data were analyzed, and the findings of the study were as follows. Results : In regard to the general characteristics of the patients investigated, the women(61.5%) out-numbered the men. By age, those who were at the age of 30 and down made up the largest age group(47.0%). By academic background, the greatest group received junior-college education(54.0%). By occupation, the company employees constituted the largest group (50.5%). By income, the greatest group earned an income of 2 to 2.99 million won(75.0%). Second, as to connections between the characteristics of dental treatment and the reason of choosing the dental clinics, the largest group(70.4%) chose the dental clinics by word of mouth or the recommendation of others. Concerning the reason of dissatisfaction, the biggest group(72.7%) was unsatisfied with medical costs. As for the degree of explicit complaint, the greatest group(49.7%) sort of complained about what made them dissatisfied. Regarding the type of treatment, the biggest group(49.0%) received prosthodontic treatment. In relation to fear for dental treatment, the largest group(34.0%) feared receiving the treatment, and the biggest group(42.6%) did that due to the sound of machines. Third, satisfaction with services(0.762) had the closest correlation to overall satisfaction level, followed by satisfaction with employees(0.735), satisfaction with dentists(0.644) and satisfaction with convenient facilities (0.579). Fourth, the factors that affected overall satisfaction level were gender, the reason of choosing the dental clinic, satisfaction with dentists, satisfaction with employees, satisfaction with services and satisfaction with convenient facilities. The patients who were better satisfied with services(p<0.001), who were more contented with dentists(p<0.001), who chose the dental clinics by the recommendation of others(p<0.01), who were male(p<0.05), who were more gratified with employees(p<0.05) and who were more contented with convenient facilities expressed better overall satisfaction. Conclusions : The above-mentioned findings suggested that dental institutions should keep track of the expectations of patients to prepare differentiated strategies for marketing and human-resources development in consideration of their own circumstances to boost the satisfaction level of patients. Specifically, it's required to heighten the satisfaction level of patients with dentists.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제39권7호
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• pp.617-623
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• 2006

The mortality and morbidity rate of hemodialysis patients (HD) remain high. Among many factors, protein and calorie malnutrition has been shown to be a major risk factor for increased mortality in the HD patients population. Malnutrition can be caused by insufficient amino acid intake, nutrient losses in dialysate, oxidant stress and muscle catabolism. In this study, we evaluated the association of markers of nutritional status and essential amino acids intake in HD patients. We investigated nutritional status of 41 HD patients (mean age: $64.2\;{\pm}\;11.5\;y$, men: 24, women: 27) by measuring anthropometric, biochemical parameters and food intakes by using 24 hr recall methods. Subject's total energy intake and total protein intake were $1,648.0\;{\pm}\;397.31\;kcal/day,\;79.2\;{\pm}\;27.2\;g/day$:, respectively. The animal protein intake was $42.7\;{\pm}\;22.1\;g/day$, essential amino acids intake was $23.4\;{\pm}\;9.92\;g/day$, and the ratio of essential amino acids to total protein intake was $29.6\;{\pm}\;5.42%$. There were significantly positive correlation between muscle mass and lean body mass with serum creatinine level (r=0.435, p<0.01; r=0.435, p<0,01). There were also significant positive correlation in muscle mass and lean body mass with pre hemodialysis blood urea nitrogen (preHD BUN) (r=0.329, p<0.05; r=0.329, p<0.05). There were no significant correlation in total energy intake and total protein intake per kg ideal body weight (IBW) to muscle mass and lean body mass. However, there were significantly positive correlation between the ratio of essential amino acids and muscle mass and lean body mass (r=0.368, p<0.05; r=0.405, p<0.01). And serum hematocrit concentration was positively correlated with the ratio of essential amino acids (r=0.032, p<0.05). The results of this study indicate that strong associations exist in essential amino acid intakes with malnutrition than total protein intakes in HD patient. In conclusion, specialized nutrition education should be necessary to efficiently improve the quality of protein intakes.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.371-382
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• 2000

This study was performed to research how predominantly TMD is known among people and how exactly it is understood. The data set up by this study could be used as beneficial references. Based on this data, people can be more knowledgeable of TMD so that they can recognize the signs and symptoms of TMD. Then, the patients can visit eligible clinician, TMD professionals. Nine hundred thirty six people (426 men and 510 women, ranging from 18 to 69 years old) were selected for the subjects of this study and were investigated by use of self-administered questionnaire. The obtained results were as follows : 1. 10.68% of the subjects were reported to have heard of the term, "Temporomandibular disorders". Females occupied significantly higher percentage than males and 18-29 age group occupied higher percentage than 30-49 age and 50-69 age groups. On the other hand, even more people (52.24%) were reported to have heard of the tenn, "Jaw joint disease". It also had same sex and age prevalences, too. 2. As for the route through which people have heard of TMD, more than half (58.38%) of the people mentioned mass media of communication (T.V. radio 40.36%, newspapers magazines 15.86%, internet 2.16%). Other people who had already heard of TMD (25.05%), dentist (7.75%), and other sources (8.83%) such as physicians, physicians of Chinese medicine, pharmacists were also mentioned. There were not significant differences among sex and age groups. 3. When it comes to the cause and concept of TMD, 32.59% of the subjects considered" an inappropriate overuse of the mandible" as the cause of TMD. There were not significant differences among sex and age groups. 4. The most frequently reported presumable TMD signs and symptoms were jaw pain (61.00%), jaw joint sound (57.80%), and difficulty with mouth opening (50.11%). 5. In answer to the question who is the eligible person to treat jaw joint disease, 35.26% answered the dentists are and 41.99%, orthopedicians. Of the people who chose dentist, 30-49 age group occupied the largest part. In the case of orthopedicians, 18-29 age group was the largest. 6. Of the 7.69% of subjects who had been treated of TMD, only 5.02% of them visited the dentist for the treatment of TMD. There were not significant differences among sex and age groups. 7. In answer to the question of how to prevent development of TMD, 58.87% selected "Avoid eating hard food", 58.65%, "Avoid opening the mouth wide", and 51.07%, "Avoid chewing gum frequently".