• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.748-762
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to analyze the fashion trends of Korean men's golfwears and furnished the researchers of same major with reliable data base. Lately, Korean men were concerned about their appearance rather than social position. Moreover, they tried to express the needs of youthfulness with free lift through clothings. These trend had been showed itself not only development of golfwears, but also change of esthetic tastes of men's golfwears. First of all, the development of men's golfwears was affected by the major three factors out of many various factors. That is, popularization of golf by the international activities of Korean progolfers, appearance of young consumers after IMF and the casualization of the men's formal dress, the making an everyday dress of men's sportswears. The results of analyzing of fashion trends of the men's golfwears is as follow: 1. The characteristics with naturalness, comfort of men's golfwears was manifested casualization trends by the factors of downward tendency of golfer's age, 5-days working, men's biz casual preference, individual ism after IMF. 2. Men's character golfwears was showed by the ageless as a youthfulness expression, the Sportism as an international trend, 2002 world cup, etc. 3. All of golfwears have to be functional characteristics because the golf is an active sports spending long time in golf course. Unconstruction style was an important fashion trends of men's golfwears by using functional materials to meet the needs of consumers. 4. The men's clothing was deviated from a fixed idea called masculine after IMF. Moreover, this trend was increased by the appearance of lovely man, genderlessness and had an effect on men's golfwears. Consequently. men's golfwears was showed feminization characteristics as a feminine, sensitive style. In the future, Korean men will try to express their character and thought freely through golfwears, men's golfwears will be continued ‘beyond the golf course’ image reflecting in the future fashion trends.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.31 no.5 s.164
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• pp.826-835
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to identify factors evaluating beauty service and to find determinants of consumer satisfaction and intention to revisit a beauty shop for Korean men aged from 20's to 40's. The study was done by survey method. Data of three hundred were collected by on-line survey. Descriptive analyses, factor analyses, Duncan tests, multiple regressions, and path analyses were applied to analyze data. The results were as follows: First, factor analysis produced five factors on men's beauty service quality. They were store environments and convenience, employee's skill, service efficiency, store management methods, and service fee. Second, men's service satisfaction on beauty shop and on beauty shop employee were significantly affected by all the beauty service factors. Third, men's intention to revisit beauty shop and to revisit beauty shop employee were positively and significantly affected by all the beauty service factors and satisfaction on beauty shop employee. In conclusion, men's satisfaction and, in turn, intention to revisit beauty service were affected mainly by evaluation on beauty service. To increase customer satisfaction followed by store loyalty, comfortable shop atmosphere and outstanding styling quality service are likely to be most important. Beauty service quality could be perceived in comparing with service fee. Thus, diverse ways of price related promotion would be required to improve beauty service satisfaction.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.577-587
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• 2016

This study aims to identify the design of men's wear that has the characteristics of expressing maximalism in men's wear collection and contribute to the field of men's wear fashion which expects new, original, and experimental fashion styles to be created. When it comes to research contents, this study first identifies the concept and characteristics of expression of maximalism in such fields as literature and art and based on this, makes a case study of men's wear fashion designs shown in men's wear collection and then understands the type of characteristics of expressing maximalism and the characteristics related to its expressive method in men's wear design. The study findings are as follows: First, expansion referred to the extreme avant-garde that changed the concept of fashion design by expanding clothes or accessories or exaggerating silhouettes. Second, fanciness continued to appear as a tool to use the luxurious decorations that applied fancy handicraft techniques and express the world of original design. Third, fusion represented the expression of various charms from one work without making any classifications between the tradition and the present and between the east and the west. Fourth, fantasy indicated the expression of surrealistic images by expressing the unbounded imagination through creative ideas.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.26 no.12
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• pp.1709-1715
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• 2002

신사복 정장은 일상의 관습으로 착용되는 가장 중요한 항목으로서, 사무직, 관리 직, 전문직 등의 정신노동자들에 게 폭넓게 수용되는 매우 중요한 의복항목이 다. 따라서 소비자의 감성에 부합되는 신사복 개발을 위해 신사복 디자인에 대한 감성연구가 필요하다. 이에 본 연구에서는 신사복 상의 디자인 개발을 위해서 소비자의 감성에 적합한 신사복 상의를 적절하게 표현해 줄 수 있는 감성 어휘를 추출하고 그 인자를 분석하였다. 요인분석 결과,7개 의 요인과 67개 의 감성 어휘 가 채택되었다. 선택된 감성어휘는 인자별로 대별하여 7개의 요인으로 묶어서 대표적인 요인명을 붙인 결과, 요인 1은 품위성 요인. 요인 2는 매력성 요인. 요인 3은 실용성 요인, 요인 4는 체형성 요인. 요인 5는 외관성 요인. 요인 6은 남성미 요인. 요인 7은 활동성 요인이라고 하였다.

• International Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.141-151
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to classify men in their 20s by their sex role attitudes, and to study their appearance management behavior and inner characteristic variables such as socio-cultural attitudes on appearance and bodily image, which are expected to influence the appearance management behavior of each classified group. For this, a survey of 393 males in the 20s in Seoul and metropolitan areas was conducted. Factor analysis, Cronbach's alpha coefficient, and F-test were conducted on the data. First, as a result of analysis on sex role attitudes, four groups were categorized: Masculinity, Femininity, Androgyny and Undifferentiation. Second, the analysis of individual variables resulted in appearance management behavior being separated into five categories: Interests in fashion, Proper choice of clothing, Importance of bodily attractiveness, Pursuit for personality and Complementation of physical weaknesses. The socio-cultural attitude on 'appearance' was sub-categorized into Internalization, and Awareness, while 'body image' was divided into Cognitive behavioral and Affective aspects. Regarding differences in socio-cultural attitudes for appearance, body image and metro-sexual lifestyle attitudes, the androgyny group produced the highest scores. Based on these results, it can be concluded that people who take care of their physical appearance, cope effectively with social and circumstantial requirements for happiness and success, and respond flexibly and affirmatively.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.164-176
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• 2013

The study aims to find differences in clothing image preferences according to gender-roleidentity. The questionnaire developed by the researchers was distributed to 533 men and women who aged between 20 and 59. Fourhundred eight questionnaires were used for the final analysis. The data were analyzed by ANOVA, and Tukey's test using SPSS 18.0/Windows. As results, both male and female participant groups of the study were classified into 4 groups according to their gender-role identity: masculinity, femininity, androgyny, and the undifferentiated. For men, the masculinity group showed a higher preference for flamboyant, sexy, expressive, cold, mature, hard, strong, weighty, heavy, sharp images, while the femininity group showed a stronger preference for flamboyant, bold, luxurious clothing images. The male androgyny group preferred masculine, sexy, cold, mature, hard, strong, weighty, luxurious, heavy, artificial images, whereas the undifferentiated group preferred flamboyant, sexy and mature images. On the other hand, for women, the masculinity group showed a higher preference for luxurious image, while the femininity group showed a stronger preference for sexy, urban, decorative, modern, complicated, luxurious images. The female androgyny group preferred expressive, modern, mature, complicated, and luxurious images, whereas the undifferentiated group preferred bold, decorative, rational, and complicated clothing images.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.158-175
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to understand and improve the clothing habits and the apparel industry of North Korea in preparation for the reunification of South and North Korea. For this study, literary data, reports, periodicals, interviews and internet data of the two Koreas were reviewed. North Korean clothing habits used to be monotonous and uniform but nowadays people's clothes have become somewhat brighter in color and more diverse in design than before. In particular, liberal and individual dressing habits appeared among the privileged classes. When taking part in national events, women have to wear the traditional Korean costume, Hanbok, while men wear business suits for formal wear. In general, men don't wear Hanbok. Students have to be in uniforms but blue jeans, T-shirts with English logos were popular among them reflecting their sensitivity and openness towards western cultures. The brides usually wear pink Hanboks and the bridegrooms wear black business suits for their wedding. North Koreans also wear Hanbok on national holidays like South Koreans. Clothing is the most important item in the trade of process commission between North and South Korea. Trading items are mid to low end men's clothing for the most part due to less emphasis on fashion in the North. The processing is indirect trade and composed of sample making and contracting, sending out materials and production, carrying in goods and setting accounts. To activate South-North trade, establishment of infrastructure, stabilization of shipping, reducing high costs of distribution, building direct communication system by setting up office in a neutral zone and simplifying procedures in applying for the South and North Korea Economic Cooperation Fund. On the other hand, clothing and textiles education is carried on at art colleges, light industries colleges and commercial colleges in Pyongyang. Clothing institutes which study Hanbok and Western clothes, are installed in each city and province. Graduates who majored in clothing and textiles are posted in institutes or apparel factories. Their job is designing, patternmaking and sewing for their customers. Most of them are women and in good state of economic conditions. The North Korean clothing industry has been the core national industry that has developed based on overseas demand form the mid 1980s. The standard is that of South Korea in the early 1980s. In 1999, trade of North Korean textile products with trade counterparts such as Japan and China was $1.3 million in exports and $1.27 in imports. Of this amount the export takes up 25.4% of the total exports in North Korea. However, fundamentally even in sectors that are irrelevant to politics such as the fashion clothing industry, trust between the South and North should be a prerequisite. Only through this can exchange between North and South and economic cooperation contribute towards the reunification.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.675-688
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to analyze the body type characteristics of tall adult men aged 20 to 69 years to present base material on body dimensions for men's clothing companies. The research method comprised statistical analysis of 3D measurements after selecting items from the 8th Korean human body size survey related to the torso body types of 495 adult men who were at least 178cm tall. As a result, six factors were extracted, and the total explanatory variable of the entire factor was shown to be 80.499%. As a result of cluster analysis using this as an independent variable, three types were derived: Type 1, "a normal body type with an oval cross-sectional shape" (37.6%), with a larger vertical size and an oval chest cross-sectional shape compared to other types; Type 2: a "cylindrical thick body shape" (31.1%), which is the first stage of BMI obesity, with narrow shoulders and a cylindrical shape with a round cross-section; Type 3, "a body shape with broad shoulders and developed chest parts" (31.3%), with a horizontal size similar to Type 2 above the waist, but similar to Type 1 below. The results of this study are expected to be used as a basis for a clothing dimension system and clothing development for tall men reflecting the characteristics of the torso.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.581-594
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• 2016

Objective: The purpose of this study is to develop an all- in-one collar shirt with excellent appearance which is well suited to the body shape of the male adults. Background: As men's casual wear has recently become more casual and the number of cool biz wearing in the summer has increased, a variety of shirt colors have been preferred in addition to shirt collar. However, studies on the design and pattern development of men's casual shirt collars are very rare. So we have identified the necessity of various development and research of men's shirts. Method: We collected 8 all-in-one collar patterns for shirts from professional pattern books and men's shirt brands. Also, based on anthropometric data from the 6th Size Korea, we selected 5 subjects with measurements similar to the average adult men, manufactured shirts based on them and conducted a wearing test by 5 experts. Results: After selecting shirts with good fit and appearance, we developed a prototype of all-in-one collar. As for front appearance evaluation, E1 pattern had the most outstanding shape and size, and C1 pattern had the most natural creases and front adjustment curves. As for side appearance evaluation, C1 had the highest overall scores, and E1 pattern on outer line. As for back appearance evaluation, C1 pattern had the highest score. Conclusion: We suggested new all-in-one collar and shirt patterns. In addition, the prototype of the all-in-one collar shirt design was presented by reflecting results of the wearing test and preference survey. Application: The shirt's design and patterns could be manufactured using the developed patterns. It will fit well with the body shape of adult males and will be highly satisfied by them.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.25 no.7
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• pp.1321-1331
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• 2001

As the society becomes industrialized and urbanized, men are changed and the speed of change becomes faster and faster. The purpose of this study was to identify the consumer's value systems and clarify how it influence on clothing involvements and shopping orientations. The data were collected via a questionnaire from 423 students of Semyung University in Checheon and data were analyzed by frequency, Crobach's alpha, factor analysis, custer analysis, ANOVA, Duncan test, t-test and multiple regression. The results of this study were as follows: According to the value factors students were classified into four groups. Among four groups success pursuit group was the biggest(58.4%). The four groups showed different clothing involvements and shopping orientations. Shopping orientations were influenced by the demorgraphic factors, value systems and clothing involvements. Among seven sopping orientation, entertainment pursuit was the most influenced factor y three factors. Additionally value system, clothing involvements and shopping orientations were influenced by the demographic variables.