• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.405-410
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• 2013

Codonopsis lanceolata (Campanulaceae) traditionally have been used as a tonic and to treat patients with lung abscesses. Recently, it was proposed that the extract and some compounds isolated from C. lanceolata reversed scopolamine-induced memory and learning deficits. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the improvement of cognitive enhancing effect of C. lanceolata by steam and fermentation process in scopolamine-induced memory impairment mice models by passive avoidance test and Morris water maze test. The extract of C. lanceolata or the extract of steamed and fermented C. lanceolata (SFCE) was orally administered to male mice at the doses of 100 and 300 mg/kg body weight. As a result, mice treated with steamed and fermented C. lanceolata extract (SFCE) (300 mg/kg body weight, p.o.) showed shorter escape latencies than those with C. lanceolata extract or the scopolamine-administered group in Morris water maze test. Also, it exerted longer step-through latency time than scopolamine treated group in passive avoidance test. Furthermore, neuroprotective effect of SFCE on glutamate-induced cytotoxicity was assessed in HT22 cells. Only SFCE-treated cells showed significant protection at 500 ${\mu}g/ml$. Interestingly, steamed C. lanceolata with fermentation contained more phenolic acid including gallic acid and vanillic acid than original C. lanceolata. Collectively, these results suggest that steam and fermentation process of C. lanceolata increased cognitive enhancing activity related to the memory processes and neuroprotective effect than original C. lanceolata.

• Journal of Information Technology Services
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.157-167
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• 2016

Task environment for enterprises and public institutions are moving into cyberspace-based environment and structing the LTE wireless network. The applications "App" operated in the LTE wireless network are mostly being developed with Android-based. But Android-based malwares are surging and they are the potential DDoS attacks. DDoS attack is a major information security threat and a means of cyber attacks. DDoS attacks are difficult to detect in advance and to defense effectively. To this end, a DMZ is set up in front of a network infrastructure and a particular server for defensive information security. Because There is the proliferation of mobile devices and apps, and the activation of android diversify DDoS attack methods. a DMZ is a limit to detect and to protect against DDoS attacks. This paper proposes an information security method to detect and Protect DDoS attacks from the terminal phase using a Preemptive military strategy concept. and then DDoS attack detection and protection app is implemented and proved its effectiveness by reducing web service request and memory usage. DDoS attack detection and protecting will ensure the efficiency of the mobile network resources. This method is necessary for a continuous usage of a wireless network environment for the national security and disaster control.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1996.07c
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• pp.1576-1578
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• 1996

MgO protection layer in ac PDP prevents the dielectric layer from sputtering of ion in discharge plasma in addition to the contribution to the memory function and also have the additional important roll in lowering the firing Voltage due to a large secondary electron emission yield(${\gamma}$). The methode of Sputtering are easy to apply on mass production and to enlarge the size of the panel and are known to have the superior Adhesion and Uniformity of thin film. MgO protection layer of $1000{\AA}$ on dielectric layer by Reactive R.F magnetron sputtering is formed. Discharge characteristics have done with the formation of protection layer.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.1457-1465
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• 2017

With the growing of smart devices market, malicious behavior has gradually expanded its scope. Accordingly, many studies have been conducted to analyze malicious apps and automated analysis tools have been released. However these tools cause the side effects that the application protection tools such as ProGuard, DexGuard become vulnerable to analyzers or attackers. This paper suggests the protection mechanism to apply to the Android apps using security token, rather than general-purpose protection solutions that can be applied in malicious apps. The main features of this technique are that Android app is not properly loaded in the memory when the security token is abnormal or is not inserted and protected parts using the technique are not exposed.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.93-101
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• 2006

Background: Memory T lymphocytes of the immune system provide long-term protection in response to bacterial or viral infections/immunization. Ag concentration has also been postulated to be important in determining whether T cell differentiation favors effector versus memory cell development. In the present study we hypothesized that naive Ag-specific $CD4^+$ T cells briefly stimulated with different Ag doses at the primary exposure could affect establishment of memory cell pool after secondary immunization. Methods: To assess this hypothesis, the response kinetics of DO11.10 TCR $CD4^+$ T cells primed with different Ag doses in vitro was measured after adoptive transfer to naive BALB/c mice. Results: Maximum expansion was shown in cells primarily stimulated with high doses of ovalbumin peptide $(OVA_{323-339})$, whereas cells in vitro stimulated with low dose were expanded slightly after in vivo secondary exposure. However, the cells primed with low $OVA_{323-339}$ peptide dose showed least contraction and established higher number of memory cells than other treated groups. When the cell division was analyzed after adoptive transfer, the high dose Ag-stimulated donor cells have undergone seven rounds of cell division at 3 days post-adoptive transfer. However, there was very few division in naive and low dose of peptide-treated group. Conclusion: These results suggest that primary stimulation with a low dose of Ag leads to better memory $CD4^+$ T cell generation after secondary immunization. Therefore, these facts imply that optimally primed $CD4^+$ T cells is necessary to support effective memory pool following administration of booster dose in prime-boost vaccination.

• The Journal of Art Theory & Practice
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• no.13
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• pp.7-33
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• 2012

The memory of the Korean War is about the time period when people lived toughly during evacuation, due to being exposed to the natural climate such as intense cold or heat without any protection, leaving their comfortable home and living in temporary built shelters which were barely enough to avoid the wind. 'Death is concealed and only the figures of evacuation for survival were expressed, just as how the government ordered. Since the experience of the battlefield is personal and fragmentary, that is broken into pieces, it does not have compatibility. As war is a distorted experience that cannot be placed in a big picture, it is not possible to take a view of the war's big picture. Having this individualized experience as a common collective memory is an issue and it is the will that people tries to pursue. The reason why the evacuees from north to south, and as well as from the south to further south were all able to be adopted as the theme of artworks due to the military action that emptied the occupied territories of the North Korean Army under the forced removal command. In such situations, the natural state of the 'snow' was like a symbol of the 1.4 Recession. The group of people who were thrown into the intense cold displaced the war damage of loosing their base livelihood, and symbolized the obedient citizens who faithfully follow their government's command. The figure of advocating anti-communism is projected as a figure of a refugee during cold winter-time and it contains ones past which he or she obeyed its own country's commands. Evacuation, especially the evacuation during the winter is a visual device that can confirm these kinds of country's command. The consequences were same for the artists as well. Therefore, the situation being communal could be found due to the individual experiences during war are ideological. The image of the refuge shown in the picture played the role of strengthening the consciousness of defecting to South Korea into the meaning of the 'Finding Freedom.' I would like to express that the reason of them leave their home during the harsh winter is in order to avoid the oppression of the Communist Party. The evacuation that people went through was not to 'Finding Freedom', but 'To Survive'. Later, this evacuation has been imprinted as a behavior of choosing free Republic of Korea, which was an ideological issue. Anti-communism was the rule of survival in South Korea society, and people have the tendency to remember what they want to remember. As it is not the people who possesses an incident, but the memory that possesses ones, people cover their memory with disguised plots in order to forget the violence and to live a different prologue. They share the incident of violence as a hurtful memory. The tragedy of the Korean War was the result of Ideology and being in between the powerful nations' rights, but the violence during the war has been depicted as a natural disaster, which was the evacuation in heavy snow.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.53-77
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• 2002

Alzheimer's disease(AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease, which is pathologically characterized by neuritic plaques and neurofibrillary tangles associated with the acetylcholinesterase, apolipoprotein E and butylcholinesterase, and by mutations in the presenilin genes PS1 and PS2, and amyloid precursor proteins (APPs) overexpression. The present research is to examine the inhibitory effect of KGBH on PS1, PS2 and APPs overexpression detected by Western blotting. To verify the Effects of KGBH on cognitive deficits further, we tested it on the scopolamine(1mg/kg)-induced amnesia model of the mice using the Morris water maze tests, and there were ameliorative effects on memory impairment as a protection against scopolamine. KGBH only partially blocked the increase in blood serum level of acetylcholinesterase and Uric acid induced by scopolamine, where as blood glucose level was shown to attenuate the amnesia induced by scopolamine and inreased extracellular serum level. In conclusion, studies of KGBH that has been known as anti-choline and inhibitory ablilities of APPs overexpression, could also be used further as a important research data for a preventive and promising symptomatic treatment for Alzheimer's disease.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.45-58
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• 2003

Alzheimer's disease(AD) is progressive neurodegenerative disease, which is pathologically characterized by neuritic plaques and neurofibrillary tangles associated with the acetylcholinesterase, apolipoprotein E and butylcholinesterase, and by mutations in the presenilin genes PS1 and PS2, and amyloid precursor proteins (APP) overexpression. The present research is to examine the inhibition effect of MDOF on PS-1, PS-2 and APP overexpression by detected to Western blotting. To verify the effects of MDOF on cognitive deficits further, we tested it on the scopolamine-induced amnesia model of the mice using the Morris water maze tests, and there was ameliorative effects of memory impairment as a protection to scopolamine. MDOF only partially blocked the increase in blood serum level of acetylcholinesterase and Uric acid induced by scopolamine, whereas blood glucose level was shown to attenuate the amnesia induced by scopolamine and inreased extracelluar serum level compared with only scopolamine injection. In conclusion, studies of MDOF that has been know as anti-choline and inhibition ablilities of APP overexpression, this could also be used further as a important research data for a preventive and promising symptomatic treatment for Alzheimer's disease.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.183-194
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• 2008

An important historical monument of Cyprus is an aqueduct that was built in 1747 to provide water to the city of Larnaca and to its port. Because of its importance to the cultural heritage of Cyprus, the aqueduct has been selected as one of the case-study monuments in the project Wide-Range Non-Intrusive devices toward Conservation of Historical Monuments in the Mediterranean Area (WIND-CHIME). Detailed drawings of the aqueduct obtained from the Department of Antiquities of Cyprus have been used for the development of a computational model. The model was fine-tuned through the measurement of the dynamic characteristics of the aqueduct using forced and ambient vibrations. It should be noted that measurement of the dynamic characteristics of the structure were performed twice in a period of three years (June of 2004 and May of 2007). Significant differences were noted and they are attributed to soil structure interaction effects due to seasonal variations of the water-level in a nearby salt-lake. The system identification results for both cases are presented here. This monument was used to test the effectiveness of shape memory alloy (SMA) pre-stressed devices, which were developed during the course of the project, in protecting it without spoiling its monumental value.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.149-171
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• 2002

Alzheimer's disease(AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease, which is pathologically characterized by neuritic plaques and neurofibrillary tangles associated with the acetylcholinesterase, apolipoprotein E and butylcholinesterase, and by mutations in the presenilin genes PS1 and PS2, and amyloid precursor proteins (APPs)'s overexpression. The present research is to examine the inhibitory effect of CWBD on PS1, PS2 and APPs's overexpression detected by Western blotting. To verify further the effects of CWBD on cognitive deficits, we tested it on the scopolamine(1mg/kg)-induced amnesia model of the mice using the Morris water maze tests, and there were ameliorative effects on memory impairment as a protection from scopolamine. CWBD only partially blocked the increase in blood serum level of acetylcholinesterase and Uric acid induced by scopolamine, whereas blood glucose level was shown to attenuate the amnesia induced by scopolamine and increased extracellular serum level. In conclusion, studies of CWBD that has been known as anti-choline and inhibitory ablilities of APPs's overexpression could also be used further as a important research data for a preventive and promising symptomatic treatment for Alzheimer's disease.