• 대한한방피부미용학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.41-52
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• 2005

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Fructus Forsythiae on the melanogenesis. To determine whether Fructus Forsythiae methanol extract suppress melanin synthesis in cellular level, HM3KO human melanoma cells were cultured in the presence of various concentrations of Fructus Forsythiae methanol extract and the effects on cell proliferation, tyrosinase activity and melanin contents were examined. Treatment with Fructus Forsythiae methanol extract inhibited tyrosinase activity, regulate melanin biosynthesis as the key enzyme in melanogenesis, in a dose-dependent manner. And also suppressed melanin contents as a dose dependent manner without cytotoxicity morphological change. It was observed that the color of cell pellets was totally different from the control. These results suggest that the inhibitory effect of Fructus Forsythiae methanol extract on melanogenesis is due to the suppression of tyrosinase in HM3KO cells and Fructus Forsythiae is a candidate for an efficient whitening agent.

• 생약학회지
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• 제52권2호
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• pp.84-91
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• 2021

This study was carried out to investigate the melanin synthesis inhibitory effect of Aspergillus fumigatus fermented extract. In this study, we revealed the effects of A. fumigatus fermented extract on melanin contents, mushroom tyrosinase activity, and expression levels of mRNA and proteins of melanogenesis-related gene in B16F10 melanoma cells. A. fumigatus fermented extract inhibited both melanin contents and tyrosinase activity. In addition, the expression level of mRNA or proteins of melanogenesis was down-regulated in the A. fumigatus fermented extract treated B16F10 cells with dose-dependent manner. Moreover, when the clinical test was conducted, it was confirmed that the use of the fermented extract of A. fumigatus for 8 weeks improved skin brightness 1.586 times brighter and skin melanin 1.331 times better compared to the control product. Taken together, our results suggest that A. fumigatus fermented extract has melanogenesis inhibitory effect and whitening activity, thus it showed the possibility for using as a functional whitening cosmetic resource.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.1230-1235
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• 2002

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of Glycyrrhizae Radix water extract, known as depigmenting agent, on melanin biosynthesis in cellular level. The inhibitory effect of Glycyrrhizae Radix water extract on melanogenesis was identified by mushroom tyrosinase assay, To determine whether Glycyrrhizae Radix water extract suppress melanin synthesis in cellular level, B16 mouse melanoma cells were cultured in the presence of different concentrations of Glycyrrhizae Radix water extract. The maximum concentration of Glycyrrhizae Radix water extract that was not inhibitory to growth of the cells was 2 mg/ml. At that concentration, melanin synthesis was significantly inhibited without cytotoxicity after 5 days, compared with untreated cells. The treatment with Glycyrrhizae Radix water extract reduced tyrosinase and DOPAchrome tautomerase activity in a dose-dependent manner. These results suggest that the inhibitory effect of Glycyrrhizae Radix water extract on melanogenesis is due to the suppression of tyrosinase and DOPAchrome tautomerase activity.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.24-36
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• 2022

Objectives: Excessive melanin production leads to skin pigmentation, which causes various cosmetic and health problems. Citrus unshiu Markovich peel (CS) and Cimicifuga dahurica (CD) have long been widely used as a oriental medicinal plant because of their pharmacological properties including anti-ulcer, anti-oxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties. Methods: In this study, we investigated the inhibitory effects of CS, CD extracts or CS:CD=1:2 mixture on melanogenesis according to the various extraction methods. CS and CD extracted were prepared by ethanol extraction (EE), ultrasonification extraction (USE), Supercritical extraction (SCE), reflux extraction (RE), respectively. Results: DPPH radical scavenging and tyrosinase inhibitory activity of CD extracts or CS:CD=1:2 mixture were increased in dose-dependent manners. In addition, we evaluated the effect of CS, CD extracts or CS:CD=1:2 mixture on tyrosinase activity and melanogenesis in α-melanocyte stimulating hormone-induced B16-F10 melanoma cells. CS, CD extracts or CS:CD=1:2 mixture significantly inhibited tyrosinase activity and melanogenesis at 10-200 ㎍/mL. Conclusions: Therefore, our study suggests that CS and CD extracts have potential as a safe treatment for excessive pigmentation or as a natural ingredient in cosmetics.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.82-93
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• 2004

Recently many efforts were focused to understanding the mechanical insights of melanogenesis to develop the agents for hyper-pigmentation and hypo-pigmentation. In the melanin biosynthetic pathway, tyrosinase is the rate limiting enzyme, and ${\alpha}$-melanocyte stimulating hormone(MSH) or cAMP-elevating agents stimulate melanogenesis and enhance the melanin synthesis and the tyrosinase activity. The author has analyzed the effects of Radix Trichosanthis on the basal Melanogenic activities of Bl6/F10 mouse melanoma cells, and on the ${\alpha}$-MSH or forskolin-induced melanogenesis. Radix Trichosanthis alone markedly suppressed melanin content and tyrosinase activity in a dose-dependent manner. Pretreatment of the cells with Radix Trichosanthis also suppressed the increase of ${\alpha}$-MSH(10 nM) or forskolin(20 ${\mu}$M)-induced melanin content and tyrosinase activity. The decrease in the tyrosinase activity was paralled by a decrease in the abundance of tyrosinase protein and tyrosinase promoter activity. Pretreatment of the cells with Radix Trichosanthis also inhibited the increase of forskolin(20 ${\mu}$M) induced the amount of tyrosinase protein and tyrosinase promoter activity. The results of DOPA staining revealed that pretreatment of the cells with Radix Trichosanthis showed less intensity than B16 melanoma cells stimulated with ${\alpha}$-MSH or forskolin. These results suggest that Radix Trichosanthis inhibits melanogenesis and abrogates ${\alpha}$-MSH and cAMP-induced melanogenesis in B16 melanoma cells.

• 한국자원식물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국자원식물학회 2023년도 임시총회 및 춘계학술대회
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• pp.56-56
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• 2023

The cone of Pinus rigida × Pinus taeda (PRT), a plant in the Pinaceae family, has long been used in traditional medicine to treat hemostasis, bruises, and burns. Previous research has shown that regulating oxidation-reduction reactions in reactive oxygen species can help inhibit melanogenesis, the process of melanin synthesis, which is a common target for addressing hyperpigmentation. Inhibiting tyrosinase is also known to be effective in this regard. Based on these findings, we conducted an investigation into the inhibitory effect of the ethyl acetate fraction of PRT (ERT) on melanogenesis in B16 F10 cells. We know that the expression levels of melanin biosynthesis-related proteins, including tyrosinase, TRP-1, and TRP-2, are regulated by MITF (microphthalmia-associated transcription factor) and cAMP, with cAMP affecting the activity of protein kinase A (PKA). PKA can reduce melanogenesis, and CREB reduces the phosphorylation of melanin-producing enzymes. In addition, the MAPK signaling pathway, composed of ERK, JNK, p38, and other factors, is also known to play a role in the inhibition of melanogenesis in melanocytes. Our immunoblotting results showed that ERT inhibited the expression of melanin production-related proteins (tyrosinase, TRP-1, TRP-2, and MITF) that were significantly increased by a-MSH treatment to promote melanin production. Furthermore, the phosphorylation levels of factors related to cAMP/PKA/CREB and MAPK signaling pathways were significantly reduced without affecting the total form. In conclusion, we believe that treatment with ERT can inhibit melanin synthesis by modulating the phosphorylation of cAMP/PKA/CREB and MAPK signaling pathways at the cellular level. These findings suggest the potential of ERT as a raw material for functional cosmetics and pharmaceuticals, thanks to its antioxidant activity and ability to inhibit melanogenesis. We thought that these findings of ERT as a natural plant resource will inspire further research and development in this area.

• 생약학회지
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.382-386
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• 2007

Cinnamomi Cortex (Lauraceae), the dried bark of Cinnamomum cassia BLUME, has been used as traditional Chinese medicine for its stomachic, astringent, carminative, antispasmodic, antibacterial, antifungal properties. Four compounds were isolated from the MeOH extract of Cinnamomi Cortex, and their structures were identified as trans-cinnamic acid (1), ${\beta}-sitosterol$ (2), bis(2-methylheptyl)phthalate (3), coumarin (4) by comparison of their physical and spectral data with those reported in the literature. These compounds were tested melanogenesis inhibitory effect on B-16 mouse melanoma cell lines. Among them, trans-cinnamic acid (1) showed the most potent inhibitory effect on melanogenesis with $IC_{50}$ value of $13{\mu}g/ml$. Arbutin, positive control, exhibited an $IC_{50}$ value of $29{\mu}g/ml$.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.78-81
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• 2010

Four compounds were isolated from the culture broth of Volvariella bombycina and they were identified as ergosta-4,6,8(14),22-tetraene-3-one (1), ergosterol peroxide (2), indole-3-carboxaldehyde (3), and indazole (4) by interpretation of spectroscopic data. Among them, compound 2 exhibited melanogenesis inhibitory effect in cultured B16 mouse melanoma cells.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.80-83
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• 2003

The inhibitory effect of Atractylodis Rhizoma alba extract(AM) on melanogenesis was studied by using B16/F10 melanoma in culture. Cells were cultured in the presence of various concentrations of AM for 48 hrs, and the experiment of total melanin content as a final product and activity of tyrosinase, a key enzyme, in melanogenesis. AM significantly inhibited tyrosinase activity, and melanin content in a dose-dependent manner. These results show that Atractylodes macrocephala extract could be developed as skin whitening components of cosmetics.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.115-121
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• 1997

To identify inhibitors of melanogenesis, we compared the effects of 5 compounds on mushroom tyrosinase, human melanocytic tyrosinase activity and melanin content. The cytotoxicyty of the components were also tested on cultured human melanoctes. Kojic acid showed marked inhibitory effect both on mushroom and human tyrosinase activity. This action of kijic acid is stronger than that of ascorbic acid. Arbutin inhibited human tyrosinase activity of cultured melanocytes although it had slightly inhibitory effect on mushroom tyrosinase activity. Azelaic acid had no effect on human tyrosinase activity. Melanin production was inhibited significantly by kojic acid and tranexamic acid. MTT assay showed that all of the compounds were non-cytotoxic to melanocytes at the concentrations tested. These results suggest that the effect of kojic acid on cultured meanocytes involve inhibition of tyrosinase activity and melanogenesis without affection the cell number.